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Introduction: The ideal timing to initiate orthodontic treatment is an important, yet controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the provision of orthodontic care for 7 types of skeletal dysplasia by paediatric dentists and orthodontists in Canada. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected orthodontists (N=140) and paediatric dentists (N=132) throughout Canada. Surveys returned within 8 weeks were included for c2 statistical analysis. Results: The response rate was 59% for orthodontists and 54% for pediatric dentists. Orthodontists and pediatric dentists differed significantly in the timing of their first orthodontic consultation (p < 0.01). More pediatric dentists used to the dental age to determine the appropriate time to initiate treatment (p < 0.01), whereas more orthodontists relied on the pubertal indicators (p < 0.01). More orthodontists would intervene in the early mixed dentition for moderate mandibular prognathia (p < 0.01); mid-mixed dentition for severe mandibular retrognathia (p < 0.01), late mixed dentition for moderate mandibular retrognathia (p < 0.01) and permanent dentition for skeletal openbite and severe mandibular prognathia (p < 0.01). Most pediatric dentists would intervene in the early and mid-mixed dentition for the specified cases of skeletal malocclusions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this investigation indicate both consistencies and variation between orthodontic and paediatric practitioners with regard to preference in treatment timing, and the factors that influence these decisions.

Introduction: The ideal timing to initiate orthodontic treatment is an important, yet controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the provision of orthodontic care for 7 types of skeletal dysplasia by paediatric dentists and orthodontists in Canada. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected orthodontists (N=140) and paediatric dentists (N=132) throughout Canada. Surveys returned within 8 weeks were included for c2 statistical analysis. Results: The response rate was 59% for orthodontists and 54% for pediatric dentists. Orthodontists and pediatric dentists differed significantly in the timing of their first orthodontic consultation (p < 0.01). More pediatric dentists used to the dental age to determine the appropriate time to initiate treatment (p < 0.01), whereas more orthodontists relied on the pubertal indicators (p < 0.01). More orthodontists would intervene in the early mixed dentition for moderate mandibular prognathia (p < 0.01); mid-mixed dentition for severe mandibular retrognathia (p < 0.01), late mixed dentition for moderate mandibular retrognathia (p < 0.01) and permanent dentition for skeletal openbite and severe mandibular prognathia (p < 0.01). Most pediatric dentists would intervene in the early and mid-mixed dentition for the specified cases of skeletal malocclusions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this investigation indicate both consistencies and variation between orthodontic and paediatric practitioners with regard to preference in treatment timing, and the factors that influence these decisions.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with health; however, this association has not been fully explored in regards to Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI) in Quebec. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with TDI to permanent anterior teeth in children participating in the QUALITY cohort. Methods: Study participants (N=279) include children 8-10 years of age at risk of obesity, and their families. TDI was clinically evaluated using the same criteria of the Children's Dental Health Survey’s questionnaire, UK. Questionnaires completed by children and their parents collected data on socio-demographic, behavioural and environmental factors. Results: The prevalence of TDI was 12.9%. Children with incisal overjet greater than 5mm, from high socioeconomic backgrounds, and residing in neighbourhoods with high levels of social capital were more likely to have TDI. Conclusion: Neighbourhood characteristics, such as social capital and socioeconomic status may be associated with TDI experience. / Introduction: Des études ont démontré que les caractéristiques des quartiers étaient associées à la santé; toutefois, cette association n'a pas été complètement explorée en regard du trauma dentaire (TD) au Québec. Objectifs: Évaluer la prévalence de TD ainsi que les facteurs associés au TD sur les dents antérieures chez les enfants participants à la cohorte QUALITY. Méthodes: Les participants (N=279) étaient des enfants, âgés de 8 à 10 ans et ayant un risque élevé de développer l'obésité, ainsi que leurs familles. TD a été cliniquement évalué en utilisant les mêmes critères du questionnaire de l'Enquête de Santé Dentaire des Enfants du Royaume-Uni. Les questionnaires complétés par les enfants et leurs parents ont permis de recueillir des données sociodémographiques, comportement mentales et environnementales. Résultats: La prédominance de TD s’élevait à 12.9 %. Les enfants ayant un surjet incisal plus grand que 5 millimètres, une position socioéconomique élevée et résidant dans les quartiers avec un niveau de capital social élevé étaient plus à risque de TD. Conclusion: Les caractéristiques des quartiers tels que le capital social et le statut socioéconomique pourraient être associées avec le TD.

Mandibular implant-retained overdentures have been reported to improve chewing ability, as well as increase satisfaction and Oral Health Quality of Life for edentate individuals. However, there is still no enough evidence that this type of treatment improves the overall food choices and dietary quality. Moreover, there is no clear classification of the kinds of food that are considered challenging for edentate denture-wearing people to eat. Therefore, the aim of this randomised clinical study was to determine whether treatment with mandibular implant-retained overdentures is different than with conventional dentures regarding food choices. Selected foods were categorized into three groups, according to the reason why each is challenging. A total of 255 edentate individuals ≥ 65 yrs of both genders were randomly divided into two groups and assigned to receive a maxillary CD and either a mandibular IOD or a CD. One year following prosthesis delivery, 217 participants (CD =114, IOD = 103) reported the food and quantities they consumed to a registered dietician through a standard 24-hour dietary recall method. The mean and median values of total selected foods and each food category individually consumed by both groups were calculated and compared statistically. No significant between-group differences were found (p >0.05). Despite the many advantages of IODs, this randomised study detected no evidence of dietary advantages for edentate elders wearing two-implant mandibular overdentures over those wearing conventional complete dentures in relation to their dietary intake at one year following prosthesis delivery. / RésuméLes prothèses mandibulaires à rétention implantaire sont reconnues pour améliorer la mastication, et augmenter la satisfaction et la qualité de vie relative à la santé bucco-dentaire des personnes édentées. Cependant, Il existe peu de littérature scientifique sur les effets globaux de ce type de traitement sur la qualité et le choix alimentaire. De plus, une classification rigoureuse du type d'aliments que les porteurs de prothèse ont de la difficulté à consommer n'est pas disponible présentement. Par conséquent, l'objectif de cette étude clinique randomisée était de déterminer si la prothèse mandibulaire à rétention implantaire (PMRI) procurerait un avantage quant à la qualité et au choix alimentaire comparée à la prothèse conventionnelle (PC). Deux cent cinquante-cinq hommes et femmes édentées, âgées de 65 ans ou plus, ont été répartis aléatoirement en deux groupes devant recevoir soit une PC maxillaire et une PMRI mandibulaire, soit une PC maxillaire et une PC mandibulaire. Un an après la réhabilitation prothétique, 217 participants (PC = 114, PMRI = 103) ont fournis des renseignements sur le type et la quantité d'aliments consommés à une diététicienne grâce à la standard méthode de rappel alimentaire de 24 heures. Nous avons classés les aliments en trois groupes selon la difficulté éprouvait par les porteurs de prothèse à les consommer. Les valeurs moyennes et médianes de quantité d'aliments consommés pour chacun des 3 groupes ainsi que celles de quantité totale d'aliments consommés ont été comparées entre les participants ayant reçu le PC et ceux ayant reçu la PMRI. Nous résultats n'ont montré aucune différence significative entre les 2 types de prothèse (p> 0,05). Malgré les nombreux avantages de la PMRI, un an après la réhabilitation prothétique, notre étude randomisée n'a révélé aucune évidence suggérant que les aînés portant une prothèse maxillaire conventionnelle et une mandibulaire retenue par deux implants auraient des avantages alimentaires comparés à ceux portant des prothèses maxillaire et mandibulaire conventionnelles.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the predictability of transverse changes with Invisalign®. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four adult Caucasians patients were selected to be part of this retrospective study. Pre and post-treatment digital models created from an iTero® scan were obtained from a single orthodontist practitioner. Linear values of upper and lower arch widths were measured for canines, premolars and first molars. RESULTS: For every maxillary measurement, there was a statistically significant difference between Clincheck® and final outcome. (P < .05) For every lower arch measurement at the gingival margin, there was a statistically significant difference between the Clincheck® planned expansion and the final outcome. (P < .05) CONCLUSIONS: The mean accuracy of expansion planned with Invisalign® for the maxilla was 72.8%, (82.9% for the cusp tips and 62.7% for the gingival margins.) Lower arch presented an overall accuracy of 87.7%, (98.9 % for the cusp tips and 76.4% for the gingival margins.) / May 2016

This retrospective study’s aim was to examine the success rate of prepared and unprepared sealants at different ages of placement, and to determine if caries risk played a role in the sealants’ success. Data was collected from 1,173 first molars subjects from a private pediatric dental clinic (Children’s Dental World, Winnipeg, Manitoba). These were categorized based on initial treatment types (unprepared sealants (55%), prepared sealants (38%), and non-treated (7%)), and then further analyzed by their initial caries risk (low (27%) or moderate-high (73%)). Treatment failure and success were assessed at 12-months and 24-months post-treatment. Overall, in a 24-month period, both sealant methods were found to be highly successful with an overall average of 97% at 12-months and 93% at 24-months. The prepared sealants method statistically did not have significantly more failures (3.24% and 4.31%) than unprepared sealants (3.67% and 2.71%) at both recall periods. There were more failures for the sealants when placed at age 5, 6, and 7 years (5.54% and 5.88%) at 12-months and 24-months. Initial and change in caries risk status did not seem to have an impact on the overall success rate of sealants. The highest success rate for sealed molars was found when subjects consistently remained at low caries risk over the 24-month period (Group 1 97.60%) but it was found to be statistically insignificant. Overall, both sealant methods are highly successful in preventing occlusal caries on first permanent molars, regardless of caries risk. / October 2015

As new adhesive products become available in restorative dentistry, investigating their potential application for orthodontic use is warranted. Vertise Flow (Kerr) is a self-adhering flowable resin and is being marketed for use as a sealant, porcelain repair and small class I restorations. It has potential for use as an orthodontic adhesive. Objective: Determine if Vertise Flow (Kerr) is suitable for bonding fixed orthodontic appliances to enamel, restorative resin composite and porcelain with minimal surface preparation. Methods: Shear Bond Strengths (SBS) from six (6) groups of fifteen (15) bonded stainless steel lingual buttons (Ormco) were obtained over three time points (24hr, 7 days, and 3 months). The six test groups were: 1.Vertise Flow to enamel (Tt) with coarse pumice debridement, 2. Transbond XT (3M, Unitek) to enamel (Tc) with phosphoric acid etching [control], 3.Vertise Flow to Herculite Ultra (Kerr) (Cc) with coarse pumice debridement, 4. Vertise Flow to Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M, ESPE) (Ct) with coarse pumice debridement, 5. Vertise Flow (Kerr) to porcelain (Pt) with diamond bur roughening, and 6. Transbond XT (3M Unitek) to porcelain (Pc) with hydrofluoric acid etching. Samples were stored in distilled water and incubated at 37C. The buttons were then debonded with a Zwick Universal Testing machine using a 10 kN load cell with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Debonded buttons were evaluated based on a modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Statistical assessment of the data was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests, with p<0.05 as the threshold for statistical significance. Results: The mean SBS obtained in all groups at each time point were >4MPa and varied between 8.69MPa and 27.44MPa. Statistical differences were found within the composite and porcelain groups at T1, and the enamel and composite groups at both T2 and T3. Nearly half of the sample (47.2%) achieved an ARI score of 5 (100% adhesive left on button base). Conclusion: Vertise Flow potentially provides clinically acceptable bond strengths to enamel, restorative resin composite and porcelain with minimal surface preparation. Furthermore, upon removal, minimal adhesive clean-up is required thus saving valuable chair time. Based on the results in this study, future in vivo investigation is suggested.

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic attachments using 2 self-etching primers (SEP): iBOND and G-Bond. Methods: 180 molars were randomly divided into 12 groups. Teeth were bonded with a stainless steel button using Transbond XT composite. The bonding agents were iBOND, G-Bond, Transbond Plus SEP and Transbond XT primer (control). SBS’s immediately, 24hours and 3months were measured with their Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Results: Transbond XT primer (11.22MPa) had a significantly higher immediate SBS than Transbond Plus SEP (5.32MPa), iBOND (6.69MPa) and G-Bond (8.30MPa). 24 hours, Transbond XT primer (16.65MPa) and Transbond Plus SEP (13.20MPa) had a significant increase in their SBS. No difference was observed at 3 months. ARI were significantly different between the groups at all time points. Conclusions: iBOND and G-Bond yielded sufficient SBS’s over the three time points that may be sufficient to withstand occlusal and light archwire forces.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of crosshead speed, load cell configuration and curing time on shear bond strengths. Methods: 160 human molars were divided into equal groups of 20 second and 40 second photopolymerization times and then into 1kN or 10kN load cell groups. Each of the groups were divided into 0.5mm/min or 5mm/min crosshead speeds. Results: Regarding photopolymerization time (20s vs. 40s) and crosshead speeds (0.5mm/min vs. 5.0mm/min) there were no significant differences in SBS (p>0.05). The load cell configuration (1kN vs. 10kN) however showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) with the 1kN producing higher bond strengths.