I denna rapport presenteras en undersökning av de sex största aktörerna på den svenska apoteksbranschen (sett till marknadsandelar) och hur de förhåller sig till de krav på tillgänglighet som återfinns i Webbtillgänglighetsdirektivet. Kraven är framtagna av organisationen W3C och benämns WCAG - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines och undersökningen genomförs på det sätt som organisationen själva rekommenderar: genom en manuell granskning samt genom ett automatiserat test. Undersökningen visar att det finns ett antal brister hos samtliga aktörer och som slutsats dras att den svenska apoteksbranschen inte kan klassas som tillgänglig på webben i enlighet med Webbtillgänglighetsdirektivet. / This paper presents an analysis of the six largest parties in the swedish pharmacy industries and how they comply with the criterias given in the Web Accessibility Directive (EU 2016/2102). The criterias are formulated by the organisation W3C and go by the name WCAG - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines and the analysis is performed given the recommendations of the organisation: one manuell inspection and one automated test. The analysis shows that all of the parties have a number of issues on their web pages and the conclusion is drawn that the swedish pharmacy industrie does not comply with the Web Accessibility Directive.

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Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-05T20:46:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 (LEILA ABOU SALHA DISSERTAÇÃO MEPES FINAL28022014 DIFINITIVA).pdf: 1146310 bytes, checksum: ceea6748760a294b7f289fc3f04e6ee5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-05T20:46:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 (LEILA ABOU SALHA DISSERTAÇÃO MEPES FINAL28022014 DIFINITIVA).pdf: 1146310 bytes, checksum: ceea6748760a294b7f289fc3f04e6ee5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Professional practice is also guided by the teaching- learning and knowledge in biosafety training of pharmacists , is of paramount importance for the safe and conscientious professional practice . The study aims to investigate the knowledge of undergraduate students about concepts of biosafety aspects in the use of personal protective equipment , standard precautions and immunization . A questionnaire was applied to interview students of pharmacy of a public institution to collect data on biosafety , during the period November 2012 to May 2013. Among the 300 participants , 132 ( 64.4 %) use lab coat and glove 240 ( 80 % ) have knowledge of waste disposal , 246 ( 82 % ) know about measures to protect the safety and health of workers in health services , 289 ( 96 % ) know the correct handwashing and 71 ( 26 % ) reported knowledge of occupational immunization. It was observed that approximately 65 % of the students showed biosafety knowledge and this knowledge did not show the expected periods over the course of the addition. There is need for changes in teaching strategies to be effective in practice biosecurity as essential to professional practice safely content, reaffirming content as transversal and interdisciplinary . / A prática profissional se orienta também pelo processo de ensino-aprendizagem e o conhecimento em biossegurança na formação dos farmacêuticos, é de suma importância para o exercício profissional seguro e consciente. O estudo tem por objetivo investigar o conhecimento de graduandos acerca de conceitos de biossegurança nos aspectos da utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual, precauções-padrão e imunização. Aplicou-se questionário para entrevistar alunos do curso de farmácia de uma instituição pública para coleta de dados sobre biossegurança, durante o período de novembro de 2012 a maio de 2013. Dos 300 participantes, 132 (64,4%) utilizam jaleco e luva, 240 (80%) tem conhecimento sobre descarte de resíduos, 246 (82%) sabem sobre medidas de proteção à segurança e a saúde de trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde, 289 (96%) conhecem a higienização correta das mãos e 71 (26%) relataram conhecimento acerca de imunização ocupacional. Observou-se que aproximadamente 65% dos graduandos mostraram conhecimento em biossegurança e esse conhecimento não apresentou o acréscimo esperado ao longo dos períodos do curso. Há necessidade de mudanças nas estratégias de ensino para se efetivar na prática a biossegurança como conteúdo imprescindível ao exercício profissional com segurança, reafirmando o conteúdo como transversal e interdisciplinar.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Florianópolis, 2009. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T14:14:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 271260.pdf: 4315401 bytes, checksum: 1b62332705b7368a8add2225093d922c (MD5) / Pode-se ter um diagnóstico correto, assim como um tratamento eficiente, desde que o paciente cumpra com a prescrição médica. É o comportamento do paciente, em última instância, que validará ou invalidará o tratamento prescrito. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo das tecnologias de informação e comunicação aplicadas ao processo de adesão terapêutica. Por tanto, desenvolveu-se um sistema de atendimento farmacêutico à distância, denominado "m-Pharmacy". Este sistema utiliza dispositivos e tecnologias difundidas na sociedade, como a telefonia móvel e a Internet, com o objetivo de realizar um serviço de Assistência Farmacêutica de baixo custo. m-Pharmacy utiliza o telefone celular como um assistente pessoal para o acompanhamento da terapia do paciente, informando o momento apropriado para ingestão de um medicamento, a data de realização de um exame ou de uma consulta, de hábitos e atitudes apropriadas as suas condições, fornecendo-lhe orientações importantes para o sucesso do seu tratamento. m-Pharmacy foi criado com uma estrutura cliente-servido dividida em três módulos: Módulo Paciente, Módulo Servidor e Módulo Doutor. m-Pharmacy comunica o médico com o paciente mediante o envio de SMS (Short Message Service) do Módulo Servidor ao Modulo Paciente. Foram feitos testes para avaliar o impacto do sistema m-Pharmacy na adesão ao tratamento no grupo de pacientes com epilepsia do Ambulatório do CEPESC (Centro de Epilepsia do estado de Santa Catarina). Os testes basearam-se em um Questionário Estruturado (Teste de Morisky-Green) que divide os pacientes em aderentes e não aderentes. Para verificar o impacto do sistema realizou-se um teste sem o sistema m-Pharmacy e outro com o sistema aplicado. A avaliação apresentou um aumento da aderência ao tratamento com medicamentos de 14,29% (sem sistema) a 71,43% (com sistema) de adesão ao tratamento com medicamentos. Embora esta avaliação seja satisfatória e apresente um aumento de 57,14% na adesão ao tratamento com medicamentos, existem fatores que não foram considerados neste primeiro estudo, como: a quantidade de medicamentos ingeridos por dia, a freqüência da medicação por dia, sexo, entre outros. Estes fatores influenciam diretamente na aderência ao tratamento.

Η μελέτη είναι μια προσπάθεια ανίχνευσης της καταναλωτικής συμπεριφοράς των πελατών των Ελληνικών φαρμακείων και του βαθμού ικανοποίησης τους από τις αγορές, τις υπηρεσίες και την ατμόσφαιρα του φαρμακείου με τη χρήση ερωτηματολογίου και τη μέθοδο της βολικής δειγματοληψίας σε δείγμα εκατό ατόμων. Σημαντική παράμετρος αποτέλεσε η εμπιστοσύνη των πελατών στο φαρμακοποιό. Για την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων αναζητήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές συσχετίσεις ανάμεσα στα δημογραφικά στοιχεία, τα καταναλωτικά πρότυπα και τις μεταβλητές ατμόσφαιρα φαρμακείου, εμπιστοσύνη στο φαρμακοποιό και ικανοποίηση από τις φαρμακευτικές υπηρεσίες. / This study is a survey of customers shopping behavior in Greek pharmacies, and their satisfaction from purchases, pharmaceutical services and store atmosphere using a questionnaire among a hundred customers sample. An important factor was trust upon the pharmacist. Conclusions made out of statistically significant correlations among demographics, consumers shopping styles and variables such as satisfaction from pharmaceutical services, trust upon the pharmacist and pharmacies atmosphere.

Cocaine abuse is a world-wide public health and social problem without a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication. An ideal anti-cocaine medication would accelerate cocaine metabolism producing biologically inactive metabolites by administration of an efficient cocaine-specific exogenous enzyme. Recent studies in our lab have led to discovery of the desirable, highly efficient human cocaine hydrolases (hCocHs) that can efficiently detoxify and inactivate cocaine without affecting normal functions of central nervous system (CNS). Preclinical and clinical data have demonstrated that these hCocHs are safe for use in humans and effective for accelerating cocaine metabolism. However, the actual therapeutic use of a hCocH in cocaine addiction treatment is limited by the short biological half-life (e.g. 8 hours or shorter in rats) of the hCocH. In the investigation described in this thesis, we have demonstrated that mCocH and hCocH have improved the catalytic efficiency of mBChE and hBChE against cocaine by ~8- and ~2000-fold, respectively, although the catalytic efficiencies of mCocH and hCocH against other substrates, including acetylcholine (ACh) and butyrylthiocholine (BTC), are close to those of the corresponding wild-type enzymes mBChE and hBChE. In addition, we have identified the first benzoylecgonine-metabolizing enzymes that can hydrolyze benzoylecgonine and accelerate its clearance in rats. The developed LC-MS/MS method has enabled us to simultaneously determine cocaine and nine cocaine-related metabolites in whole blood samples. In development of the long-acting hCocHs, we have designed and discovered a novel hCocH form, catalytic antibody analog, which is an Fc-fused hCocH dimer (hCocH-Fc). The hCocH-Fc has not only a high catalytic efficiency against cocaine, but also a considerably longer biological half-life. A single dose of hCocH-Fc was able to accelerate cocaine metabolism in rats even after 20 days and, thus, block cocaine-induced hyperactivity for a long period of time. In consideration of the general observation that the biological half-life of a protein drug in humans is significantly longer than that in rodents, the hCocH-Fc could allow dosing once every 2-4 weeks, or longer for cocaine addiction treatment in humans.

Deregulated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is central to many human malignancies. The functions of this pathway are critical for normal cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival. In lung cancers, the PI3K pathway activity is often aberrantly driven by multiple mutations, including EGFR, KRAS, and PIK3CA. Molecules targeting the PI3K pathway are intensely investigated as potential anti-cancer agents. Although inhibitors of the pathway are currently in clinical trials, rational and targeted use of these compounds, alone or in combination, requires an understanding of isoform-specific activity in context. We sought to identify class IA PI3K enzyme (p110a/PIK3CA, p110b/PIK3CB, p110d/PIK3CD) activities using isoform-specific inhibitors in a lung cancer model system. Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD or PIK3CB/D inhibitors resulted in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses that frequently tracked with a specific mutation status. Activation of PIK3CA dictated response to the PIK3CA-specific inhibitor while deletion of PTEN phosphatase indicated response to the PIK3CB inhibitor. The PIK3CD isoform-specific inhibitors lacked efficacy in all NSCLC cell lines tested, however treatment at increased concentrations likely provide concurrent inhibition of both PIK3CB/D isoforms improving activity of either agent alone but did not track with a single biomarker. The observed pharmacodynamic and proliferation responses to isoform-specific inhibitors suggested that PI3K isoforms may functionally compensate for loss of another in certain genetic backgrounds. These studies demonstrate unanticipated cellular responses to PI3K isoform inhibition in NSCLC, suggesting that patient populations with specific mutations can benefit from certain isoform-selective inhibitors, or combinations, allowing for rational and targeted clinical use of these agents.

Background: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are among the most urgent threats of the infectious disease realm. The incidence of these infections has only been increasing over the years and due to very limited treatment options, mortality is estimated at about 50%. Methods: To evaluate the in vitro activity of meropenem and polymyxin B against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and time-kill studies were performed on K. pneumoniae clinical isolates representing a wide range of meropenem resistance (MICs 4 – 128 mg/L). Results: Regrowth was observed at clinically relevant concentrations of meropenem alone (4, 16, and 64 mg/L) or polymyxin B alone (0.25 and 1 mg/L) within 24 hours. However, meropenem and polymyxin B in combination were consistently bactericidal, achieving synergistic activity in strains with lower meropenem resistance (MICs ≤32 mg/L). Conclusions: Our findings are in agreement with the limited available literature, but we add that the synergistic interaction between meropenem and polymyxin B is dependent on the degree of meropenem resistance in KPC-producing K. pneumoniae. This data suggests that lower level resistance to carbapenems may be amenable to antimicrobial combinations involving a carbapenem and a polymyxin.

A significant consequence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is hippocampal neurodegeneration. The hippocampus is responsible for learning and memory, and neurodegeneration in this brain region has been shown to result in cognitive deficits. Interestingly, some alcoholics demonstrate improvements in hippocampus-dependent functions, potentially due the phenomenon termed adult neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate, differentiate into neurons, migrate into the granule cell layer, and survive, occurs in two brain regions; however, this study examines only neurogenesis occurring in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Four-day binge ethanol exposure in an animal model causes a decrease in neurogenesis during intoxication; however, there is a reactive increase in cell proliferation on day seven of abstinence. The purpose of this study was to determine the timing of increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, most alcoholics also smoke tobacco, and nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco, has also been shown to affect hippocampal neurogenesis. As many people initiate alcohol and tobacco use during adolescence, the second experiment herein examined the effect of nicotine coadministration on alcohol-induced reactive hippocampal cell proliferation.

Objectives: Managed care organizations reduce healthcare costs and may improve patient health outcomes by encouraging better control of prevalent chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changing from a fee-for-service program to a capitated managed care program improved medication adherence for Medicaid patients in Kentucky with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study of patients enrolled in Kentucky Medicaid to evaluate the impact of transitioning to capitated managed care in November 2011. Medication adherence was measured using the proportion of days covered (PDC) method. Multivariable analyses measured the adjusted differences in adherence as a result of the implementation of capitated managed care. Results: Adjusted analyses indicate an average decrease in PDC by about 17-22 days of therapy coverage in the post-policy time period. However, no significant difference in adherence rate changes between the treatment and control populations were observed. Conclusions: Results indicate clinically inconclusive evidence regarding the immediate effect of the implementation of Medicaid managed care in Kentucky on medication adherence rates in patients with prevalent chronic diseases. There is a need to address the decline in average adherence rates, and the efficacy of Medicaid managed care based on medication adherence.