Texte remanié de: Afhandling--Københavns universitet, 2003. Titre de soutenance : Den litteraturkritiske reception af "Don Quixote" siden det 17. århundrede. / Bibliogr. p. 197-203.

Akademisk afhandling--Litteratur--København, 1978. / Résumé en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 335-344. Index.

Abstract : This thesis explores how novelists have described French-English relations in Canada from the time of the French-English wars to the end of World War II. The first part deals mainly with historical novels which reach their zenith of good will in two novels written in the nineteenth century, Kirby's The Golden Doq and Gaspe's Les Anciens Canadiens. Later novels which often use these two as models become much more chauvinistic, lauding the qualities of their own linguistic group and denigrating the characteristics of the other group. Bourassa's Jacques et Marie and Parker's The Seats of the Mighty are two influential examples of such propaganda. The second part examines the roman de terroir which tends to exclude and even banish English-Canadian characters from the patrie. English-Canadian writers of the regional novel may be considered even more extreme than their French-Canadian counterparts in their failure to acknowledge a French presence in Canada. This section best exemplifies a general fact of this study: the far greater number of French-Canadian novels than English-Canadian novels which feature characters from both linguistic communities. The third part examines political novels. The French-Canadian novelists are much more nationalistic than the politicians of their era. English-Canadian novelists, on the other hand, are much more sympathetic to French Canadians than the contemporary English-Canadian establishment. Groulx's L'Appel de la race and MacLennan's Two Solitudes are the best known and influential of such novels. The fourth part considers war novels. Novelists of both language groups tend to dismiss or even ridicule the old ethnic legends as Canadians of all cultures join together to fight a common foe. To end with this section would be misleading, for subsequent novels set in post-war Canada explore the resumption of animosity between Canada's two main language groups once the external threat is removed. MacLennan's Return of the Sphinx provides an apt symbol for the recurring cycle of conflict and accomodation which ebbs and swells with the passage of time and which is recorded in the novels studied in this thesis.||Résumé : Cette thèse examine le traitement réservé par les romanciers aux relations entre Français et Anglais au Canada, à partir des guerres franco-britanniques jusqu'à la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. La première partie est principalement consacrée à l'étude des romans historiques, où la bonne volonté atteint son sommet dans deux romans parus au dix-neuvième siècle; The Golden Dog de William Kirby et Les Anciens Canadiens de Philippe Aubert de Gaspé. Par la suite, ces deux livres serviront souvent de modèle à d'autres romanciers de tendance beaucoup plus chauvine, qui exalteront les caractéristiques de leur propre groupe linguistique aux dépens de celles de l'autre groupe. Jacques et Marie de Napoléon Bourassa et The Beats of the Mighty de Gilbert Parker constituent deux exemples importants de ce type de propagande. La deuxième partie de notre étude porte sur le "roman du terroir", qui tend à exclure et même à bannir de la "patrie" les personnages canadiens-anglais. Sous ce rapport, les romanciers canadiens-anglais semblent adopter des positions encore plus extrêmes que leurs homologues canadiens-français dans leurs romans "régionaux." Cette partie offre la démonstration la plus nette d'une des données de base de cette thèse, à savoir le nombre beaucoup plus élevé de romans canadiens-français qui contiennent des personnages de l'autre groupe linguistique. Dans la troisième partie sont analysés les romans politiques. On y note que les romanciers canadiens-français sont beaucoup plus nationalistes que les hommes politiques de leur temps. Quant aux romanciers canadiens-anglais, ils sont beaucoup plus sympathiques à la cause des Canadiens français que l'establishment canadien-anglais de l'époque. Les deux romans les plus connus et les plus marquants de ce genre sont L'Appel de la race de Lionel Groulx et Two Solitudes de Hugh MacLennan. Les romans de guerre font l'objet de la quatrième partie de notre étude. Au moment où les Canadiens de toutes origines unissent leurs forces pour combattre un ennemi commun, les romanciers des deux groupes linguistiques ont tendance à mettre de côté, voire même à tourner en ridicule, les vieilles histoires ethniques. Il serait trompeur de terminer ici notre étude, car une fois la menace extérieure écartée, les romans de l'après-guerre font état d'une résurgence de l'animosité entre les deux principaux groupes linguistiques du pays. Le roman Return of the Sphinx de Hugh MacLennan offre un symbole approprié de ce cycle de tensions marqué, au fil du temps, par des hauts et des bas, et dont témoignent les romans des deux langues que nous avons choisi d'étudier dans la présente thèse.

Antimalarial drugs remain as one of the most powerful tools in the fight against malaria with artemisinin derivatives now standing as the cornerstone of anti-malarial drug therapy. Unfortunately, evidence of delayed in vivo parasite clearance after artemisinin treatment is accumulating on the Thai-Cambodian border and in nearby countries. A better understanding of the mechanisms of artemisinin (ART) resistance may contribute to the development and validation of new tools for the surveillance of resistance. One promising approach to identifying candidate genetic markers of ART resistance is genetic analysis of drug-pressured mutants of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi. This experimental system has identified a number of genetic mutations in parasites artificially selected for resistance to ART derivatives. These mutations encode alterations in a de-ubiquitinating enzyme (UBP-1) and in a 26S proteasome subunit (26SPS), both involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, responsible for protein turnover through selective degradation. An additional mutation was found to have occurred in a gene encoding the “mu” chain of the AP2 adaptor protein complex, a component of the endocytic machinery. The importance of the above mentioned markers in modulating susceptibility to different drugs in the human malaria parasite remains unclear. In that context, the hypothesis to be tested in this thesis is that the three loci implicated in ART resistance in experimentally selected in P. chabaudi will similarly modify ART response in natural parasite populations of P. falciparum. Increased artemisinin resistance in a P. chabaudi parasite derived from a chloroquine resistant parasite after prolonged and progressive artemisinin selection was phenotypic and genetically characterized. The whole genome sequencing identified a mutation in a gene encoding the mu chain of the AP2 adaptor protein complex. To explore the genetic variability of the ap2-mu gene in P. falciparum and its associations with artemisinin in vitro responses we sequenced field isolates from Brazil, São Tomé and Rwanda. Analysis of P. falciparum field isolates showed a weak association between a Ser160Asn mutation and in vitro dihydroartemisinin responses. To investigate the correlation between polymorphisms in pfubp-1 and pfap2-mu and in vivo parasite susceptibility to ART we genetically characterized samples from an ACT clinical trial carried out in Kenya. Previously work done on the same ACT clinical trial samples described sub-microscopic persistent parasites on day 3 post-treatment samples. These parasites were only detected by qPCR but the children carrying these parasites had a higher transmission potential and were far more likely to go on to classical treatment failure at day 28 or day 42 post-treatment. The molecular work carried out here demonstrates that a Ser160Asn/Thr mutation in the pfap2-mu gene and an E1528D mutation in the pfubp-1 gene might be associated with in vivo responses to artemisinin derivatives. Polymorphisms on the pfubp-1 gene and pfap2-mu genes were further studied using field isolates from an ACT clinical trial in Burkina-Faso which were also tested in vitro for their response to dihydroartemisinin and several other antimalarial drugs. Using these samples, we also investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the pf26S-protSU, another drug resistant candidate gene identified in the studies of P. chabaudi. Data revealed that polymorphisms in pfubp1 and pf26S-protSU, can modulate in vitro responses to lumefantrine. However, this work did not reveal any significant association between polymorphisms in pfubp-1 and pfap2-mu genes and in vitro artemisinin susceptibilities or treatment outcomes. In order to validate the pfap2-mu candidate marker as an important modulator of parasite sensitivity to artemisinins and to improve understanding of the biological mechanisms of resistance to this class of drugs we further performed gene functional characterization using transfection techniques. Transgenic parasites carrying the 160Asn allele of pfap2-mu were significantly less sensitive to dihydroartemisinin using a standard in vitro test. Sensitivity to chloroquine and quinine were also reduced. Localization studies of pfap2-mu were performed by transfection of fluorescent-tagged gene construct into P. falciparum and expression of fluorescent fusion protein in parasites was observed using a confocal microscope. The findings from this study provide the first in vivo evidence that polymorphisms in the pfap2-mu and pfubp-1 genes modulate P. falciparum responses to artemisinins. Additionally, transgenic laboratory lines of P. falciparum carrying the 160Asn mutation in pfap2-mu gene have altered in vitro responses to dihydroartemisinin, quinine and chloroquine. We therefore propose these genes should be evaluated further as potential molecular markers of artemisinin resistance.

Thesis--Erlangen. / In Periodical Room. No doctoral dissertation statement. Stamped on cover: 1983 No 254.

Thèse doctorat : Sciences de l'éducation : Lyon 2 : 1981. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.. Index.

Afhandling--København, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 641-649. Résumé en anglais.

The components necessary to propagate a synthetic ionic signal are described, and experiments leading to the required experimental system are the focus of this work. Two thiol-derivatized fluorescent probe molecules were synthesized that balanced both electrochemical and fluorescent properties necessary for trace analysis. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 11-(1-1’-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-1-undecanethiol were formed on Au/glass slides by open-circuit incubation and potential-assisted adsorption methods. A potentiostat was built capable of producing current responses on the microsecond time-scale. Monolayer integrity was established by two methods: cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Monolayers formed under potential-assisted adsorption conditions showed attenuation of the peak current due to Fe(CN)6 3−/4− redox probe in cyclic voltammetry, indicating a tightly packed monolayer. Chronoamperometric studies also confirmed the monolayer integrity by fitting the current response of a potential-step to an equivalent circuit. The chronoamperometric study was dependent on solvent and electrolyte. In water, the difference between bare Au and monolayer protected Au was large, whereas in DMF, the difference was negligible. Likewise, the use of tetra-butyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate as the electrolyte showed little difference between bare Au and monolayer protected Au. The electrochemical reduction of the SAMs was done in various solvents and electrolytes and the products were analysed by HPLC with fluorescent detection. Along the series of solvents from water to MeCN to DMF the current efficiencies for release increased but still were very low. In water and MeCN, the thiol was the sole detectable product, while in DMF, the sole detected product was the disulfide. Reproducibility of release was poor in MeCN and water, probably due to the low solubility of the thiol. Single-channel analysis of two acyclic bola-amphiphiles (diester and diamide) was done to establish their feasibility as components of a synthetic signal propagation system. Channels from the diester derivative have a Na+ conductance of 10.2 pS and a Cs+ conductance of 39.3 pS. Channels from the diester have a Cs+/Na+ permeability ratio of 4.7, Cs+/Cl- permeability ratio of 7.5 and a Na+/Cl- permeability ratio of 3.1. Channels of the diester bola-amphiphile have two lifetimes; 117 ms and 842 ms at -100 mV, 1 M CsCl electrolyte and DiPhyPC lipid at 25 °C. Similarly, Channels from the diamide derivative have a Na+ conductance of 10.3 pS and a Cs+ conductance of 38.9 pS. Chaimels of the diamide have a Cs+/Na+ permeability ratio of 5.2, Cs+/Cl- permeability ratio of 7.2 and a Na+/Cl- permeability ratio of 2.1. The diamide bola-amphiphile channels have a lifetime of 277 ms at +100 mV, 1 M CsCl electrolyte and DiPhyPC lipid at 25 °C. Both channels show a regular non-uniform step-conductance pattern. The sublevel openings, when graphically represented with lifetime data, show the trend that the lower conductance states of one-level openings are also the shorter-lived channels. A traceless linker to release alcohols from a gold surface was developed. Thiobutyric acid was found to undergo intramolecular thiolactone formation after electrochemical reduction from an Au-electrode to liberate the alcohol. A thiobutyric ester at the C-terminus of gramicidin was synthesized. This compound released gramicidin by chemical reduction with DTT as seen by HPLC analysis and MALDI TOF MS. The electrochemical release of the Au-immobilized thiobutyric ester of gramicidin adjacent to a lipid bilayer, as monitored by bilayer clamp technique, produced an increase in channel activity that is consistent with incorporation of gramicidin. / Graduate

Firstly I would like to thank my supervisors in the Molecular Diagnostics Centre at Manchester Royal Infirmary. Dr. Tony Cumming devised the project and provided me with guidance on the interpretation of the results. Dr. Steve Keeney advised on the laboratory work and results obtained. Thank you both for all the help with completing my thesis, and for all the track changes! I would also like to thank my supervisors at Manchester Metropolitan University. Firstly, Dr. Len Seal for all his help with my initial work and transfer report to PhD. Secondly, Professor Bill Gilmore for continuing my supervision when Len retired from the university. My thanks go to all of the staff in the Molecular Diagnostics Centre for their continued encouragement. I would particularly like to thank Pam Grundy for her help and advice during my laboratory work, and to Dörte Wren and Zoe Pickering for their friendship and laughter. I would like to acknowledge the clinicians Dr. Paula Bolton-Maggs, Dr. Charlie Hay, and Dr. Andrew Will, and the haemophilia nurses in the referring haemophilia centres for recruiting patients in to the study. Thanks must also go to the patients for their consent to participate in the study. I would like to thank my family for their support and encouragemente, specially during the writing-up period. I am very grateful for all the babysitting duties they have performed and countless Sunday lunches they have provided. My biggest thanks go to my husband Neil for everything he has done whilst I have been completing the PhD. He has been a constant support, shoulder to cry on, chef and motivator, without him I would never have completed the work. My final thanks go to my son Ewan, for not giving me too many sleepless nights in the fmal few months of my write-up. 111

This dissertation will explore the relationship between human agency and divine agency by bringing the work of Albert Borgmann into conversation with the approaches to preaching found in the New Homiletic. It asks: on what authority is the practice of preaching built? The New Homiletic movement began as a criticism of traditional (logical/propositional) approaches to preaching that emphasised the authority of the preacher. Alternatively, the New Homiletic relies on narrative and dialogical modes of preaching to relocate authority within the experience of the listener. The New Homiletic has made progress by shifting authority from the preacher, but this shift does not go far enough. The question of authority must be framed by way of God’s authority as the primary authority of preaching. This dissertation will draw on the work of Albert Borgmann. Central to Borgmann’s work is the effect of technology on society which he calls the device paradigm. The device paradigm describes the cumulative effect of replacing things with devices. Devices sever the relationship between the means and ends of all things and encourage a life of consumption of commodities. An overemphasis on methodology in preaching risks commodifying preaching by separating the means of preaching from its ends. As an alternative, this dissertation presents preaching as a focal practice. Focal practices are Borgmann’s proposal to counter to the disengaging nature of devices. By putting significant things, focal things, at the forefront of one’s life a person can build their life around engagement. Preaching is a focal practice. The effective power of preaching is external to the practice of preaching, and it is God, as the focal thing, who gives it authority. Building on the principles of Polynesian navigation, the preacher will be presented as a navigator. The preacher cannot create the change they wish to see in their congregation. Instead, they work to orient the community to what God has done, what God is doing, and what God will do. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)