Since the mid-20th century, water policy in European countries has gradually changed from the excessive use of natural resources to their protection. The last major change in water policy was putting most of directives into one - to the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EC, which introduced water planning and preparation of water programmes on a European scale. Despite its undeniable positives that brought into European water politics, there arise questions about its use in specific projects in practice, especially in hydroelectric power. In some cases, such as for instance case study of the Weser River in Germany shows that the interpretation of the Water Framework Directive is not entirely clear to everyone, so some cases due to ambiguities can get to the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The subject developed in my thesis relates to the "Exclusions from prohibition of quantitative restrictions". The origin of these exclusions can be found in the internal market law and more precisely in the free movement of goods. The free movement of goods is one of the four fundamental freedoms on which is based the internal market of the European Union. The free movement of goods is ensured by removing fiscal and non-fiscal barriers that hinder trade between Member States and which are prohibited between Member States. The fiscal barriers involve the prohibition between Member States of customs duties, all charges having equivalent effect and other fiscal barriers such as internal taxations. The non fiscal barriers involve direct quantitative restrictions which are quotas and bans, as well as measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions (MEE). These non fiscal barriers are prohibited but they can be justified in some cases. Direct quantitative restrictions almost disappeared while measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions may exist in various forms and variations. Measures having equivalent effect on imports are prohibited by the article 34 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. Moreover, measures having equivalent effect on exports are prohibited by...

This master's thesis deals with the integrations of C++ programming language and its standard C++11 into the compiler for embedded systems. This compiler is based on LLVM project and it is generated from Codasip Studio. Codasip Studio is tool for design of the aplication specific processor cores, it is also allows generate compiler, which is based on the description of semantics section in processor's instruction set for any target processor architecture. C++ is programming language based on the C, which is extended by object oriented design and many other features. C++ language allows writing of very effective code on high level of abstraction. Funcionality of implementation is tested on testsuite in last phase of master's thesis.

The aim of this thesis is to summarizingly describe non-contractual institutions of the use of copyrighted work, to define this legal branch under the system of copyright law as well as to briefly introduce the essential institutes and concepts of copyright law as such. The second chapter focuses on the explanation of the concept of copyright law and its placement in the system of law. Afterwards, a brief historical background of copyright law on the territory of the Czech Republic and the most important reasons for providing copyright protection are introduced. In the third chapter, the essential concepts of copyright law are defined, such as author's work, the characteristics of author's works, categories of author's works, exceptions to copyright and the concept of authorship. The description of when the copyright protection is created follows. Then, the definition of the content of copyright, including the scope of moral and economic rights of author of the work, is presented. Finally, the institution of public domain is explained. The fourth and main chapter of this thesis contains a digression in the field of copyright contracts, followed by the introduction to the field of the non-contractual institutions of the use of copyrighted work. Next, there is an overview of the European and...

Block Exemptions represent means of exemption from the prohibition of restrictive agreements set by the Article 101 (1) TFEU. The main aim of my thesis is to analyze and describe the development of an approach to block exemptions and to present how the block exemptions work in practice. Generally, block exemptions are issued in the form of Block Exemption Regulations according to Article 101 (3) TFEU. The wording of this provision specifies the conditions under which certain types of agreements may be exempted from the prohibition set by Article 101 (1) TFEU. Regulations are issued by the Council or by the Commission, which is more often. If an agreement accomplishes the criteria laid down in a block exemption regulation, there is no need to notify that agreement individually because the agreement is automatically valid and effective. The thesis is composed of six chapters. The first two chapters are introductory. Chapter One refers to the protection of competition in general. Subsequently, Chapter Two deals with main exemptions from the prohibition of restrictive agreements, such as agreements exempted from the prohibition under Article 101 (3) TFEU or the de minimis rule of exemption from the prohibition. Chapter Three, which is subdivided into three parts, explains the development of the...

This diploma thesis deals with block exemptions in the automobile industry. It analyses their position within EU competition law. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question whether the sector-specific block exemptions regulating the automobile industry comply with general aims of EU competition law and to analyse their relationship with EU competition law as lex generalis and lex specialis. In order to achieve these goals, the thesis is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter deals with block exemptions in general. It describes the reason why block exemptions have been invented and their subsequent development. In the first chapter there is also an explanation of their structure and method of legal regulation. This chapter then describes development of the general block exemption for vertical agreements and of the block exemption in the automobile industry. Description of their development is based on the decision in BMW case because rules set in this decision were the basis of the first block exemption in automobile industry. Second chapter deals with the newest block exemption in automobile industry - regulation No. 461/2010. With the newest block exemption the era of sector specific rules for the sale of new vehicles has ended. Regulation No. 461/2010 creates specific rules only for the...

PROTECTION OF COMPETITION - BLOCK EXEMPTIONS The main purpose of my thesis is to describe and analyze one aspect of a block exemption regulation for vertical agreements, namely resale price maintenance. The thesis is composed of six parts, one of them dealing with block exemptions in general and the rest of them focusing on resale price maintenance. Chapter one introduces the topic of block exemptions and explains the features of block exemptions that are common to all of them. Chapter two presents the definition of resale price maintenance and describes the difference between fixed, minimum, maximum and recommended prices. Chapter three describes economic theories, which have influence on legal treatment of resale price maintenance. The chapter is divided into three subchapters, whereas the first one explicates pro-competitive effects of resale price maintenance, the second one focuses on its anticompetitive effects and the third one summarizes the economic theories of impact of resale price maintenance. Chapter four examines the legal framework of resale price maintenance in European law. Firstly, it describes the treatment of fixed, minimum, recommended and maximum prices. Then it analyzes resale price maintenance as an object restriction and examines possible exemption under Article 101 (1) of...

PROTECTION OF COMPETITION - BLOCK EXEMPTIONS The purpose of my thesis is to describe and analyze regulation of block exemptions mainly in the light of Commission's Guidelines. The function of block exemptions is to exempt certain agreements from the prohibition of distortion of competition. The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects related to the concept of block exemptions. First chapter is an introduction into the topic of protection of competition and explains basic principles and terminology. Chapter two deals with other exemptions from prohibition of distorting competition. The chapter is divided into four subchapters. The first one analyzes four aspects of the exemption under Article 101 (3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The second subchapter focuses on de minimis rule. Third subchapter deals with exemption in agriculture sector. Finally, the problem of block exemptions is briefly introduced. Third chapter follows the historic development of the concept of block exemptions both in European law and Czech law. Firstly, it describes the reasons for introduction of block exemptions by the Commission and then it focuses on the change of approach in year 2004, when ex post control was introduced. Second part of the chapter deals...

Exemptions from cartel prohibition English summary On 16 of December 2002 the European Commission adopted a Regulation Nr. 1/2003 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty which was revolutionary as it has totally changed the way of obtaining a legal exemption from a prohibition of cartel agreements contained in an article 81 section 1 of the EC Treaty. Before the Regulation the Commission granted its approval for exempting certain types of agreements which fulfilled the conditions under the article 81 section 3 of the EC Treaty, i.e. if they contribute to improving the production or distribution of goods or to promoting technical or economic progress, while allowing consumers a fair share of the resulting benefit, and which does not impose on the undertakings concerned restrictions which are not indispensable to the attainment of these objectives and afford such undertakings the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantive part of the products in question. A weak point of such a regulation was that the Commission was permanently overloaded by numerous demands for declaration of inapplicability of a cartel prohibition. Therefore there was strong need to modify the system in order to make the work of the Commission more effective....

The Legal Exceptions from the Cartel Prohibition with Regard to Crisis Cartels English summary The purpose of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the issue of the legal exceptions from the cartel prohibition, carry out a detailed analysis of Czech and European material regulation contained in the Article 3 paragraph 4 of the Act No. 143/2001 Coll. on Protection of Competition, as amended and in the Article 101 paragraph 3 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, focus on the application of the legal exceptions to the crisis cartels from the practical point of view, particularly on their usage by undertakings and on the approach to the crisis cartels by national competition authorities, European Commission and competition authorities from other selected countries outside Europe. The thesis is composed of four parts. The first part deals with the basic characteristics of the cartel, describes the concept of cartel, European and Czech legislation regarding cartels and competition in general and divides the cartels according to their form and relationship of participants. The second part focuses on the prohibition of anticompetitive conduct in the form of cartels, examines the merits of the cartel and highlights the consequences of breaching the prohibition. It is necessary to...