Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3547_1.pdf: 2312976 bytes, checksum: c87799a66031646002629814fe3026bf (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à meticilina têm aumentado de forma significativa nos últimos anos, sendo importante problema de saúde pública, como também, a desnutrição, ainda presente em nosso país. Assim, torna-se importante avaliar repercussões da desnutrição neonatal na resposta imune frente a patógenos em potencial, como o S. aureus. Ratos machos Wistar foram amamentados por mães que receberam durante a lactação, dieta padrão do biotério (grupo nutrido labina) ou dieta experimental, contendo 17% de proteína (grupo nutrido caseína) e 8% de proteína (grupo desnutrido). Após o desmame, todos os animais foram recuperados com dieta normoprotéica, Labina, até o experimento, mantidos em ciclo claro/escuro de 12/12 h, e pesados diariamente até o 21°dia, em dias alternados e até a data de execução de cada experimento (90-120 dias). Vinte quatro horas antes do experimento, as cepas MSSA ATCC 29213 ou MRSA ATCC 33591foram plaqueadas em Ágar Sangue, minutos antes, aliquotadas em tubos contendo PBS estéril cuja turbidez foi ajustada para a concentração de 106 UFC/mL. Macrófagos alveolares (MA) foram obtidos após traqueostomia, através da coleta de lavado broncoalveolar sendo formados in vitro: um sistema controle, composto por MA; dois sistemas testes, de acordo com a cepa bacteriana. A análise estatística foi efetuada utilizando-se o teste t de Student, p<0,05. Os resultados indicam que a desnutrição neonatal acarretou uma diminuição do crescimento ponderal, da taxa de fagocitose e da produção dos radicais superóxido e óxido nítrico, dos MA frente a S. aureus, não influenciando a aderência destas células. Pode-se sugerir que as cepas utilizadas tenham igual susceptibilidade aos mecanismos microbicidas dos MA tanto em animais eutróficos como em desnutridos no período neonatal, apresentando a mesma capacidade de manter os parâmetros imunológicos testados próximos aos valores referentes às condições normais das células

Determina si existen diferencias en el espesor alveolar del incisivo inferior en pacientes con diferente patrón de crecimiento vertical. Una muestra de 200 radiografías cefalométricas de pacientes sin tratamiento ortodóntico previo entre 6 y 12,8 años, es clasificada en tres grupos según su patrón de crecimiento vertical determinado por su ángulo FMA en: grupo hipodivergente (n=19), grupo normodivergente (n=101) y grupo hiperdivergente (n=80). Se miden los siguientes parámetros de espesor alveolar del incisivo inferior: espesor alveolar total (cervical, medio y apical), espesor alveolar vestibular (medio y apical) y espesor alveolar lingual (medio y apical) mediante trazados manuales. Para el análisis estadístico se emplean pruebas paramétricas (ANOVA y post hoc de Scheffé) y no paramétricas (Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney). No se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p>0.05) entre los tres grupos para el espesor alveolar total cervical y espesor alveolar vestibular medio. El grupo hiperdivergente presenta los menores valores de espesor al ser comparado con los grupos normodivergente e hipodivergente (p <0.05) en los otros parámetros medidos. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos normodivergente e hipodivergente. Concluye que se debe considerar el patrón de crecimiento vertical en el plan de tratamiento ortodóntico. Se sugiere tener cuidado en el tratamiento de pacientes con patrón de crecimiento vertical hiperdivergente, pues presentan un menor espesor alveolar del incisivo inferior comparado con los otros dos grupos. / Tesis

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether a correlation exists between the intra- operative position of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve (IAN) and the nerve position as noted on a pre-operative Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) scan in patients requiring Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO) of the mandible. Introduction: The BSSO of the mandible is of fundamental importance in the correction of dental facial deformities. The main post-operative complication of a BSSO of the mandible is Neurosensory Impairment (NSI). To avoid possible NSI it is important to have as much pre- operative information as possible. In this regard, pre-operative CBCT scans can provide the surgeon with an important assessment of the mandibular canal. This information on the buccolingual, superior and inferior position of the canal, especially in the region of the planned osteotomy, could help the surgical team to avoid IAN injury. Materials and Methods: This study correlates the pre-operative position of the IAN as indicated on a CBCT scan with the intra-operative IAN position in patients requiring BSSO of the mandible. Ten standardised cases were included in a prospective case series where twenty mandibular sides were assessed. Results: The variables assessed in this study were location of the nerve, age, sex, type of movement and side of mandible operated on. It was found that only the distance between the Inferior Alveolar Canal (IAC) and the lower border of the mandible are predictive of whether the IAN will be attached to - or free from - the proximal segment of the mandible. Conclusion: From the study it can be concluded that a CBCT scan is a useful and reliable modality in the pre-operative evaluation of patients undergoing BSSO especially with regard to the assessment and mapping of the mandibular canal.

Orientador: Marcio Zaffalon Casati / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miyauchi_FabiolaMayumi_M.pdf: 318693 bytes, checksum: db94858dbac2d7cd460ce977bbad01e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a densidade óssea alveolar em mulheres caucasianas com periodontite crônica na pré e pós-menopausa, atendidas na clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba ¿ UNICAMP. Foram selecionadas 40 mulheres: 20 na pré-menopausa e 20 na pós-menopausa. Foram utilizadas películas para radiografia periapical convencional ajustadas com escalímetro de alumínio. Para comparar a densidade óptica do septo interdental entre os primeiros e segundos pré-molares; segundos pré-molares e primeiros molares; primeiros e segundos molares inferiores, foi utilizado o software Aleq-Al®. O índice de placa, o sangramento à sondagem e os parâmetros clínicos lineares de profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível da margem gengival (NMG) e nível clínico de inserção (NCI) foram medidos nos dentes de Ramfjord (16, 14, 22, 36, 34 e 42) e nos dentes teste (34, 35, 36, 44, 45 e 46). A PS, o NMG e o NCI foram medidos pela sonda periodontal eletrônica, Florida probe®, em sítios identificados como saudáveis ou com periodontite crônica. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as densidades em mulheres com periodontite na pré (4,79 ± 1,79 mmAl, P>0,05) e na pós-menopausa (4,83 ± 1,98 mmAl, P>0,05). Pode se concluir que a densidade óssea mandibular de pacientes com doença periodontal não difere em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa / Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the alveolar bone density in pre and postmenopausal Caucasian women with chronic periodontitis attending the clinic at Piracicaba Dental School - UNICAMP. Forty women were selected: 20 in pre menopause and 20 in post menopause. The study used a conventional periapical radiographic film adjusted with an equivalent aluminum filtration. The comparison of the mandibular interdental septum density between the first premolars and second premolars; second premolars and first molars; first molars and second molars, were performed by software Aleq-Al®. The plaque index, bleeding on probing and the linear clinical parameters of probing depth (PD), gingival margin level (GML) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured on the Ramfjord teeth (16, 14, 22, 36, 34 and 42) and the test teeth (34, 35, 36, 44, 45 and 46). The PD, GML and CAL were measured by the electronic periodontal probe, Florida Probe®, in sites identified with and without chronic periodontitis. It was not observed statistically significant differences in alveolar bone density between pre (4,79 ± 1,79 mmAl, P>0,05) and post menopausal women (4,83 ± 1,98 mmAl, P>0,05).It would be concluded that mandibular bone density in patients with periodontal disease is not different in pre and post menopausal women / Mestrado / Periodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Orientador: Benedito de Campos Vidal / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T13:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu_EnnesMacaride_D.pdf: 2262769 bytes, checksum: 61c92b7f3e8ff7fc3c1c355dfb79076c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1970 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Odontologia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4011_1.pdf: 2870402 bytes, checksum: c19e0f034fafc4b87553561fc2b04554 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Restrição nutricional no aleitamento tem conseqüências em longo prazo no funcionamento dos sistemas neuro-imunológico. Receptores e transportador serotoninérgicos presentes em macrófagos alveolares (MA) estão relacionados ao seu funcionamento. No artigo Perinatal malnutrition programs sustainable alterations in nitric oxide production and cell viability in activated macrophages of the adult rat , efeitos da desnutrição perinatal sobre liberação in vitro de óxido nítrico (LNO) foram analisados em MA nos ratos adultos. Os ratos desnutridos (D) apresentaram retardo do crescimento, confirmado pelo baixo peso ao desmame, persistindo até os 90 dias de vida. Os D também apresentaram menor número de células totais e MA no lavado broncoalveolar. A LNO por MA e a viabilidade dessas células foi menor nos D. No artigo, Perinatal malnutrition programs sustained alterations in nitric oxide release by activated macrophages in response to fluoxetine in adult rats , em adultos, nutridos ou desnutridos na fase perinatal, foi avaliada LNO por MA em resposta a fluoxetina em diferentes concentrações e tempos, e também em resposta aos agonistas de receptores 5-HT1A e 5-HT1B. Na presença de fluoxetina, a LNO por MA dos controles foi menor, uma resposta relacionada à dose, mas não ao tempo. A adição de agonistas não interferiu na produção de NO por MA nos controles. A LNO por MA de D foi menor em todos os tempos analisados. A LNO não foi alterada na presença de fluoxetina ou dos agonistas por MA de D. Em conclusão, manipulação nutricional no período perinatal parece interferir com a programação da função de macrófagos e afeta sua regulação serotoninérgica, repercutindo no organismo adulto

Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Recovery from pneumococcal pneumonia results in the formation of resident memory CD4+ T cells, which act on lung epithelial cells to accelerate immune responses. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are tissue-resident macrophages localized in the air spaces, where they orchestrate the lung anti-microbial responses. We hypothesized that recovery from pneumococcal pneumonia results in remodeling of the pool of alveolar macrophages, which act in concordance with other immune cells to protect the lungs from future infections. Although AM numbers were unchanged in experienced lungs, their surface phenotype showed significant changes, most prominently an increased MHC-II and a decreased SiglecF. This experienced AM phenotype was regionally-localized and long-lasting. Experienced AMs also exhibited extensive remodeling on the metabolomics and transcriptional level. Experienced AMs demonstrated significant increases in phosphocreatine and its metabolite precursors. The transcriptional analyses also revealed extensive changes. At baseline, experienced AMs exhibited a significant reduction in cell cycle activity and mRNA processing compared to naïve mice. During acute pneumonia, experienced AMs exhibited significant increases in immune signaling and energy metabolism. Moreover, transcriptional data also revealed strong but imperfect enrichment of a signature previously associated with IFN𝛾 signaling and marrow-derived AMs. IFN𝛾 gain and loss of functions experiments corroborated transcriptional data and revealed an essential role for IFN𝛾 in directly driving the AM MHC-II remodeling. Several immune cells produced IFN𝛾, with neutrophils being the most prominent source after the 1st pneumococcal challenge but other cells predominating after the 2nd pneumococcal challenge. CD4+ T cell depletion studies demonstrated that AMs' experienced phenotype was independent of CD4+ T cells. In contrast to naïve mice, lineage-tracing studies demonstrated that marrow-derived AMs predominately constitute the experienced AM pool. Upon experience, both embryonic AMs and marrow-derived AMs demonstrated similar remodeling for both SiglecF and MHC-II on their surfaces. While all AM similarly remodeled independent of their origin, marrow-derived AMs in experienced lungs displayed some differences from their embryonic counterparts, being less phagocytic. In conclusion, recovery from pneumococcal pneumonia remodels the pool of alveolar macrophages to acquire adaptive characteristics. This remodeling involves a combination of recruitment of new cells and trained immunity via IFN𝛾 signaling.

INTRODUCTION: The mental foramen region is important in dental implant placement as it serves as essential neurovascular bed. Despite the belief that the interforaminal area is a safe area for implant placement, a detailed anatomical examination should be done before surgery to prevent injury to the nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve runs outward, upward and backward to the mental foramen and forms the anterior loop of the mental nerve. The anterior loop is the most mesial point of the mental foramen. Methods to determine the extension of the anterior loop include surgical cadaver dissections, panoramic films of markers in dried skulls and cadaver mandibles, panoramic films of patients, periapical radiographs and CT scans of patients. These different methods and dissimilar diagnostic techniques have led to diverse results. The aim of this study was to measure the extension of the anterior loop of the mental foramen by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Randomly selected sagittal, axial, and coronal CBCT images of the maxillofacial region of 100 patients (50 males, and 50 females) aged between 18-80 were retrospectively screened to determine the extension of the anterior loop. Categorized into (1) younger males, (2) younger females aged (18-44), (3) older males, and (4) older females aged (45-80). Four groups based on dental status were added (1) fully edentulous males, (2) fully edentulous females, (3) dentated males, and (4) dentated females. Measurement tools provided by the software were used to determine the extension of the mental loop. Data was collected for statistical analysis to determine the association between CBCT findings and the patient's gender, age, and dentate status.  RESULTS: In this study, 50 male, and 50 female patients were included for anterior loop measurements. The median age of the sample population was 45 [range 33 to 59]. The mean anterior loop measurements for right and left side were 1.36 mm (0.80 SD) and 1.37 mm (0.79 SD) respectively. Eighty percent of our study participants were dentate and 20% were fully edentulous. Discussion Prior to implant placement proper planning is necessary to avoid misplacement of dental fixtures and injury to the mental nerve. The anterior loop is one of the crucial anatomical structures that clinicians have to consider during the planning. CBCT proved to be the most reliable method of examining the maxillofacial region. No correlation was found between age, gender, and dentate status with changes in the anterior loop measurements. Even though there was no statistical difference among the groups, but there were variations in the anterior loop measurements. In some of the individual cases the anterior loop was 0 mm in one side and 2.5 mm on the other side. This is a big measurement variation of a clinical significance when it comes to implant placement. Looking to the results among groups statistically doesn’t give us the real measurement of the anterior loop. Instead every case should be examined individually to identify the extension of the anterior loop in both sides, even if it was not detected in one of the sides. CONCLUSION: An implant placed in proximity to mental foramen requires planning to avoid complications or nerve injury. Because of possible variations in the anterior loop measurements should be done for each individual case. CBCT is the imaging method of choice to assess the anterior loop.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21000号 / 医博第4346号 / 新制||医||1027(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 岩井 一宏, 教授 中川 一路, 教授 伊達 洋至 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.