Esta tese toma o pensamento de Henri Bergson como objeto de reflexão. Ao mesmo tempo que situa o homem como tema central nesse universo teórico, pretende perscrutar a natureza da subjetividade que nele se delineia. Acompanha, assim, a crítica bergsoniana à psicologia, cujo intento de subsumir o humano à matéria condena ao fracasso sua pretensão de conhecê-lo. A superação da visão associacionista, tal como Bergson a desenha, evidenciará a natureza de uma subjetividade outra, obscurecida pelas instâncias mais superficiais, nas quais se configura a consciência que julgamos conhecer. O alcance dessa dimensão mais profunda do Eu impõe a inspeção acerca da inteligência racional, orientada por uma temporalidade ficitícia e pela linguagem, de modo que se esclareça a distância entre a superficialidade da consciência e a subjetividade livre e indômita, cuja natureza, aliás,é a do tempo, ou seja, a duração criadora que nos ultrapassa e nos vincula ao ser em geral. Ante os obstáculos apresentados pela consciência na persecução de nossa interioridade movente, recursos outros que não os conceituais, pertinentes ao pensamento analítico e científico, passam a figurar como alternativa para o conhecimento da interioridade humana, quais sejam, as imagens qeu se originam justamente nas regiões mais recônditas do Eu. Atribuir às imagens a potencialidade de nos conduzir ao ser, leva-nos ao equacionamenteo do lugar a elas conferido pela tradição - cópia/coisa, simulacro, erro, alteridade do ser. Pretendemos, pois, interrogar se Bergson logra ou não um rompimento com o pensamento tradicional, visto que as imagens precedentes da memória pura e do esforço imaginante passam a ser consideradas meios privilegiados que nos conectam ao ser. Nessa senda, tematizaremos a ambiguidade que a imagem assume na obra bergsoniana, uma vez que ora se coaduna à realidade da coisa, ora nos revela o ser temporal e criador que nos habita. Posto que o conhecimento do tempo em seu movimento criador se dá pela intuição, e que os recursos da inteligência não logram a sua tradução ou comunicação, as imagens resultantes do esforço criador, as imagens prevalecentes na arte, cuja natureza se aproxima da duração, revelar-se-ão como o caminho da expressão daquilo que o conhecimento intuitivo nos revela. Particularmente, as imagens literárias, decorrentes de uma linguagem que se volta contra si mesma, tornam-se a referência privilegiada para a expresssão filosófica do ser e para o alcance da interioridade criadora que nos constitui. / This thesis takes Henri Bergson´s thought as its object of reflection. Focusin on mankind as its central subject in that theoretical univers, it intends to search the nature of the subjectivity sketeched in it. It thus folloes bergsonian criticism of psychology, whose intente do subsume human realm into matter condemns its purpose of knowing it to failure. The overcoming of the associacionist view, the way Bergson portrays it, will attest the nature of a differente subjectivity, blurred by instances most superficial, in which the consciousness we believe to know is delineated. the reach of this mor profound dimension of the self imposes the inspection concerning rational intelligence, guided by a fictititous temporality and by language, so that we carify the distance between consciousness ´superficiality and free untamed subjectivity, whose nature is that of time, that is, the creative duration which surpasses us and entails us to being in general. Berfore the obstacles introduced by consciousness in pursuit of our moving interiority, resources other than conpectual, relevant to analytic and scentific thougt com as an alterntive for the knowledge of human interiority, which ar the imagens originatede precisely in the most hidden regions of the Self. To attribute images the potentiality of guiding us to Being leads us to the questioning of the place given to them by tradition - copy/thing, simulacrum, misake, alterity of Being. we intend thus to question whether Bergson succeeds or not at breaking with traditional thinking, inassmuch as the imagens comin from pure memory and from the imagining effort come to be considered the privileged means that connect us to being. In this way, we will discuss the ambiguity that images take on in Bergsonian work, since it now combines with the reality of the thing, now reveals us the temproal and creative being which inhabits us. Since knowledge of time in its creative action is given by intuition, and that intelligence´s resources do not provide its translation or communication, the resulting images of the creative effort, those images prevailing in arte, whose natue approaches duration,will reveal themselves particularly, which como from a language that goes against itself, become the reference for the philosophical expression of being and for reaching the creative interiority that constitutes us.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-02-20T18:05:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Lindalva Trajano da Silva.pdf: 1068976 bytes, checksum: 9f8d582218609289feeb003ab9ec30e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T18:05:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Lindalva Trajano da Silva.pdf: 1068976 bytes, checksum: 9f8d582218609289feeb003ab9ec30e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / This dissertation has as subject the studies made by Foucault on sexuality as na instrument in the processo f the subjectification of individuals, considering the possibilities of resistance to the forms of normalization of the sexual identities. By talking Foucault?s critical deconstruction of the ?repressive hypothesis? as a starting point, we can see as evidente the production of subjetivity mechanisms articulated by the construction of knowledge and power relations, which establishes the categorization of the individual in specific sexual identities. We analyze how sexuality becomes na instrumento f na anatomo-politics of the human body, as well as a biopolitics of the species, procedures of power put into practice towards the shape and controlo f individuals and the society itself. Considering Foucault?s Works on the constitution of the moral subject in the practices of greek and roman antiquity, this study takes the ?techniques of the self?as a way of creating as ?aesthetics of existence?. This dissertation applies, at last, to think such na intente as a possibility of exercising the ethical freedom as way of resistance to the forms of gevernamentality as wellas to the processes of subjectification and construction of identity in the field of sexuality. / A presente disserta??o traz como tem?tica os estudos de Foucault acerca da sexualidade enquanto instrumento no processo de subjetiva??o dos indiv?duos, considerando as possibilidades de resist?ncia ?s formas de normaliza??o das identidades sexuais. Partindo da desconstru??o cr?tica operada por Foucault em rela??o ? ?hip?tese repressiva?, evidenciam-se os mecanismos de produ??o de subjetividade articulados pela din?mica de constru??o de saberes e rela??es de poder, que estabelece a categoriza??o dos indiv?duos em identidades sexuais espec?ficas. Analisa-se como a sexualidade torna-se instrumento tanto de uma an?tomo-pol?tica do corpo, como de uma biopol?tica da esp?cie, procedimentos de poder postos em pr?tica para a formata??o e controle dos indiv?duos e da pr?pria sociedade. Considerando os trabalhos de Foucault sobre a constitui??o do sujeito moral nas pr?ticas da antiguidade grega e romana, a pesquisa aborda as ?t?cnicas de si? como forma de cria??o de uma ?est?tica da exist?ncia?. A disserta??o dedica-se, por fim, a pensar tal proposta como possibilidade de exerc?cio da liberdade ?tica enquanto forma de resist?ncia, tanto ?s formas de governamentalidade, como aos processos de subjetiva??o e constru??o de identidade presentes no campo da sexualidade.

區凱琳. / "2009年7月". / "2009 nian 7 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-172). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ou Kailin. / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一 --- 導論 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1 --- 傅柯的倫理學之預備¨®Ơ明 --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- 傅柯學¨®Ơ的三條軸線 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- 傅柯對道德觀的三種區分 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- 傅柯研究的道德觀及其研究方法 ´ؤ´ؤ「實行手法之道德觀」與「道德過程之個性化條件」 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- 傅柯研究的道德觀之歷史 ´ؤ´ؤ「道德主體化的方式」及「自身實踐的方式」之歷史 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- 傅柯研究的道德觀及其研究方法之特殊意義 / Chapter 1.2 --- 傅柯的《主體解釋學》之預備¨®Ơ明 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- 傅柯對古代研究之態度 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- 傅柯對古代倫理之基本分析 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- 《主體解釋學》的工作及其目的 / Chapter 1.3 --- 本文的旨趣 --- p.22 / Chapter 二 --- 關懷自身原則中的主體與真理關係 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1 --- 概¨®Ơ「關懷自身」與「認識你自己」 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- 「關懷自身」之理論化與邊緣化 --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3 --- 兩種哲學區分與主體與真理的弔詭關係 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4 --- 修省之理由 --- p.48 / Chapter 三 --- 知識探索與自身轉化 --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1 --- 關懷自身之「自身的『自身目的化』」 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- 轉向自身´ؤ´ؤ知識與真理的基點 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 目光之轉向 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 實在的轉移及回歸自身 / Chapter 3.3 --- 知識之精神性模態化´إ´إ主體與世界關係之安頓 --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 德米特里厄斯的知識之關係性模式 ´ؤ´ؤ自身與世界連繫在一起的知識觀 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 伊比鳩魯的自然研究 ´ؤ世界知識成為轉化自身之催化媒介 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 塞內加的世界頂峰 ´ؤ´ؤ此岸世界之解放 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- 奧列里烏斯之無限小的剖析 ´ؤ魔力與誘惑之消解 / Chapter 3.4 --- 兩種知識之區分´ؤ´ؤ「精神性知識」與「智力知識的知識」 --- p.95 / Chapter 四 --- 修省與拯救 --- p.100 / Chapter 4.1 --- 概¨®Ơ修省 --- p.103 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 哲學的修省與基督宗教的苦行 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 修省與預備 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 修省之兩層 / Chapter 4.2 --- 真言之主體化´ؤ´ؤ哲學之修習方式 --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 聆聽與沉默 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- ˇئø讀與書寫之關係 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 言¨®Ơ與真理 / Chapter 4.3 --- 主體之修行´ؤ´ؤ知行一致的主體 --- p.118 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 鍛鍊與考驗 / Chapter 4.3.1 a --- 節制之養生法 / Chapter 4.3.1 b --- 試煉之實踐 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 主體的沉思 / Chapter 4.3.2 a --- 邪惡之預想 / Chapter 4.3.2 b --- 死亡之修鍊 / Chapter 4.3.2 c --- 良知的檢測 / Chapter 4.4 --- 拯救自身´ؤ´ؤ此生此世的拯救 --- p.134 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 基督宗教的拯救概念 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 「自身目的化」與拯救 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- 古代的拯救概念 / Chapter 五 --- 結論´ؤ´ؤ哲學與自我拯救 --- p.142 / Chapter 5.1 --- 回顧及小結 --- p.143 / Chapter 5.2 --- ´ؤ己與超越 --- p.147 / Chapter 5.3 --- 精神性及關懷自身的回歸 --- p.151 / Chapter 5.4 --- 總結 --- p.157 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 保存個體存在風格的倫理觀 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 哲學之用 / 後記 --- p.162 / 附錄一 縮寫 --- p.163 / 附錄二 詞彙表 --- p.164 / 附錄三參考書目 --- p.168 / 回顧 --- p.173

Logo após a sua publicação, 1943, a obra O Ser e o Nada de Sartre foi alvo de comentários críticos que apontavam seu caráter idealista. Essas leituras enfatizavam a incompatibilidade entre a afirmação sartriana de uma liberdade absoluta do homem e as condições históricas que acabariam por determiná- lo. Quando Sartre publicou em 1960 a sua Crítica da Razão Dialética (\"encontro\" com o marxismo), tudo se passou como a confirmação do idealismo presente em O Ser e o Nada, a ponto de se operar a divisão de seu pensamento em antes e depois da Crítica. Sartre, no entanto, ao defender o absoluto da liberdade afirma também que não há liberdade sem situação. Tentaremos enfatizar essa difícil relação entre liberdade e situação a partir da apresentação da concepção sartriana de liberdade, bem como pelo exame da proposta psicanalítica de Sartre. / Right after its publication in 1943, Sartre\'s Being and nothingness has received critical commentaries that pointed out its idealistic character. These lectures emphasized the incompatibility between Sartre\'s assertion of man\'s absolute freedom and the historical conditions which would determine it. When Sartre publishes, in 1960, his Critique of dialectic reason (\"encounter\" with Marxism), everything is seen as the confirmation of the idealism of Being and nothingness, overcoming the division of his thought in before and after the Critique. However, when Sartre defends the absolute of freedom he also affirms that there is no freedom without situation. We will try to emphasize this difficult relation between freedom and situation through the presentation of Sartre\'s concept of freedom, as well as through the examination of his psychoanalytic proposal.

La problématique de cette thèse s'articule autour de deux questions centrales, lesquelles ont servi de fil conducteur pour la recherche menée. La première question interroge le sens que prend la migration quand elle nous concerne en tant que résidents d’un quartier, citoyens d’une ville et nationaux d’un pays. La deuxième question est de savoir comment on parvient à ces moments pendant lesquels les germes d’une sorte de transformation sociale s'enracinent dans la vie politique. Notre travail s’inscrit dans une approche qui regarde dans la migration ces occasions de subjectivation civique et politique et ces émergences de types d’engagements politiques dans le quotidien. Notre intérêt porte plus précisément sur ce que produisent les différentes négociations qui ont lieu dans ce que nous nommerons « paysages d’attribution » vis-à-vis de l’immigration et ce que l’on regarde comme géographie du vécu de celle-ci. Il s’agit de négociations qui se font entre les pouvoirs qui dictent les politiques et les pratiques liées aux migrations, les autorités et autres instances qui recourent à ces politiques et pratiques, les expériences que font les migrants au contact de ces réalités vécues et les engagements des citoyens par rapport à elles. C’est à travers ces négociations que nous tentons de lier ensemble les deux questions présentées plus haut, dans le cas grec. Pour ce faire, notre recherche mobilise des outils de la géographie sociale, des sciences politiques, des ressources anthropologiques et littéraires, et de la philosophie politique / The issue raised on this thesis revolves around two central questions, which have guided the research. The first question investigates the meaning that migration takes when it becomes an issue that concerns us in our daily encounters as residents of a neighborhood, citizens of a city, nationals of a country. The second question investigates how we arrive at those moments during which the seeds of social transformation take root in political life. The research explores these questions by looking into migration processes as creative of opportunities for civic and political subjectivity in the everyday life and through the different encounters with the locals. More precisely, the thesis focuses on the various negotiations that take place in what is called "landscapes of attribution", which is related to the policies and practices of migration and the way migrants experience them through the different strategies of survival. These are negotiations between those that dictate policies and practices related to migration, the authorities and other bodies that implement these policies and practices, the migrants and the way they experience these policies on their everyday encounters with other citizens in local communities. They are also negotiations that produce proximities with local communities and create new spaces of commons. By looking into such negotiations in the Greek case, the thesis links together the two questions presented above. It does so by using tools from social geography, political science, anthropological and literary resources, and political philosophy

[pt] A pesquisa estrutura-se para analisar os relatos de mudança religiosa produzidos pelos fiéis da Igreja do Nazareno em Ricardo de Albuquerque. Como os indivíduos articulam suas experiências, seus motivos e explicações, foram abordados para descrever o que a mudança religiosa provoca nos fiéis do ponto de vista da sua identidade. Verificou-se que a maior parte do trânsito de fiéis concentrou-se entre igrejas do segmento evangélico, ainda que a maioria tenha sido criada na Igreja Católica. Percebe-se, por um lado, que as escolhas dos fiéis orientam-se em reação ao desencantamento, à secularização das grandes religiões, em direção a um re-encantamento do mundo, numa sociedade que contribui cada vez menos com elementos de balizamento na construção das suas identidades. Por outro lado, o trânsito dentro do segmento evangélico evidencia processos subjetivos de construção de uma identidade evangélica abrangente, pela bricolagem de elementos de crença estranhos à teologia da Igreja estudada. Tal situação exemplifica o conceito de desregulação da religião, das dificuldades crescentes que as igrejas encontram no processo contínuo de definir seus próprios contornos, preceitos, práticas e limites. / [en] This research is structured to analyse the reports of religious change produced by the members of the Nazarene Church in Ricardo de Albuquerque. How individuals articulate their experiences, their reasons and explanations, were addressed to describe what the religious change causes to the new members identity. It was found that most of the transit concentrated among evangelical churches, though most have been brought up as catholics. It is noticeable, on the one hand, that the choices of members reacts to the disenchantment, the secularization of the main religions, toward a re-enchantment of the world, in a society that contributes increasingly less with steady elements for the construction of their identities. On the other hand, the transit within the evangelical segment highlights subjective processes of construction of a broad evangelical identity by the bricolage of alien elements in relation to the Nazarene’s theology. This exemplifies the concept of deregulation of religion, the increasing difficulty that the churches face in the ongoing process of defining their own outlines, concepts, practices and limits.

This dissertation examines the innovative subjectivity of feminine voices constructed in poetry by three women writers from seventeenth- and early nineteenth-century China: Li Yin, Wang Duanshu, and Wang Duan. Drawing primarily on their individual collections, I argue that the writers fashion poetic selves that deviate from literati representations of feminine subjectivity through the writers' intertextual dialogues with mainstream literary and cultural traditions and also their poetic exchanges with contemporary women writers. I explore specific methods employed by the three writers to create distinctive voices of their own and specify modes that distinguish the alternative feminine voices in their writings, contextualizing my reading of poems from their collected works and of mise-en-scenes in the case of exchange poetry. My close reading of the three late imperial Chinese writers' poetry reveals that subject positions in their collected works, different from those of feminine voices constructed in literati poetry, are the result of the gendered writing self seeking voices to express lived experiences, deeply felt emotions, desires, anxieties, and pleasures. These positions in turn allow the writing self to have serious intellectual exchanges with their contemporary writers, create self-definitions beyond the normative roles as prescribed by the Confucian gender system and the literati poetic tradition, and realize personal transformation in poetry.

Modernism is characterized by alienation from one's self and the processes by which one's self gets constructed. Organizational development (OD) is an activity that attempts to address the experience of work and to transform the historical alienation. OD practitioners are often optimistic that this transformation is possible and even is happening in the day-to-day work of OD. A group of critics, mostly academics, are skeptical about whether any real transformation is possible, arguing that OD practices are misguided extensions of modernism. In one thread of the OD literature, authors build an argument for the centrality of issues of identity in achieving this transformation. Proponents of this perspective argue that dialogic processes of reflection and co-construction are vital to participating in the production of one's self. In this study, I used participant-observation and interview approaches to investigate the ways OD consultants make sense of their work. These approaches are managed through a perspective I call "first person," which aligns them with the dialogic principles of immediacy of presence; emergent, unanticipated consequences; collaborative orientation; vulnerability; and genuineness and authenticity. I found among the OD consultants a shared value for dialogue, an appreciation for people who are engaged, a preoccupation with identity boundaries, a commitment to the greater good, an understanding of the personal benefits they receive from their work, and a concern for fear among their clients and in themselves. Many OD consultants have chosen their roles as independent or internal consultants to escape from modern constructions of identity prevalent in organizations. OD consulting is a practice situated among multiple interests, creating complex tensions of identity and action for OD consultants. OD work itself requires consultants to be reflexive about their own and others' processes of identity construction. OD consultants, when contrasted to critics of OD, show a tendency toward what Mikhail Bakhtin calls dialogue rather than dialectic. A dialogic orientation allows the OD consultants to work more productively on shaping the transition to postmodern consciousness. Reflexivity and self-participation are central to the success of an OD consultant. Education and professional groups should support greater understanding, inquiry, and practice of reflexivity and self-participation.

Orientador: Nildiceia Aparecida Rocha / Banca: Cleudemar Alves Fernandes / Banca: Eva Ucy Miranda Sá Coto / Banca: Isadora Valencise Gregolin / Banca: Marina Célia Mendonça / Resumo: Quem somos nós, nesse exato momento, enquanto sujeitos históricos? Esta pergunta, inspirada nos questionamentos de Kant porém voltada para a questão dos sujeitos, é um resumo da linha que une toda a extensa e complexa obra de Michel Foucault, cujas ideias servem de inspiração para o nosso trabalho. Nesta tese aplicamos essa questão ao tema do ensino das línguas estrangeiras, perguntando-nos: quem somos nós, discentes e docentes, enquanto sujeitos históricos do dispositivo escolar em uma sociedade ocidental capitalista, marcada por um mercado linguístico específico? Consideramos que esse trabalho trata-se de uma ontologia do presente por tentar compreender como os diferentes mecanismos de controle e de poder estão possibilitando a emergência de diferentes modos de os sujeitos se relacionarem consigo mesmos, com os outros e com as línguas estrangeiras, em meio a práticas discursivas e não discursivas de capitalização da língua e do ensino. Em outras palavras, procuramos especificamente entender o presente do ensino de línguas, observando os discursos que circulam no dispositivo escolar e na sociedade e que estão constituindo a nossa subjetividade, perguntando-nos de onde eles provêm e quais são as condições históricas de produção que possibilitaram essas materialidades enunciativas na atualidade. Inspiramo-nos também na teoria de Pierre Bourdieu, referente ao capital simbólico e mercado linguístico e na teoria da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, de Foucault, especialmente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Who are we, in this exact moment, while historical subjects? This questioning, inspired by Kant but steered into the matter of the subjects, is in itself a summary of the timeline binding all Michel Foucault's extensive and complex body of work, whose ideas are the inspiration to this work. On this thesis, this questioning is applied to the theme of the teaching of foreign languages, proposing the question: who are we; teachers and students; while historical subjects of the school device (dispositif) in a western capitalist society influenced by a specific linguistic market? This study is considered an ontology of the present as it tries to understand how the different control and power mechanisms are enabling the emergence of different ways of a subject to relate with oneself, with others and with the foreign languages amidst discursive and non-discursive practices of the capitalization of the languages and its teaching. In other words, it is seeking to understand specifically the present of foreign language teaching, watching the discourses taking place in the school device (dispositif) and in the society and which are constituting our subjectivity, while investigating where they come from and which are the historical conditions of production which have enabled this current enunciation materiality. It has been inspired, especially, on the theories of Pierre Bourdieu, referring the symbolic capital and linguistic market and foucauldian's French line of Analyses of the Discou... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: ¿Quiénes somos nosotros, en ese exacto momento, como sujetos históricos? Esta pregunta, inspirada en los cuestionamientos de Kant, pero pensada en términos de los sujetos, es un resumen de la línea que une toda la extensa y compleja obra de Michel Foucault, cuyas ideas sirven de inspiración para nuestra investigación. En esta tesis aplicamos esta cuestión al tema de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, preguntándonos: ¿quiénes somos, alumnos y docentes, como sujetos históricos del dispositivo escolar en una sociedad occidental capitalista, marcada por un mercado lingüístico específico? Consideramos que esta investigación se trata de una ontología del presente por intentar comprender cómo los diferentes mecanismos de control y de poder posibilitan la emergencia de diferentes modos que tienen los sujetos de relacionarse consigo mismos, con los otros y con las lenguas extranjeras, en medio a prácticas discursivas y no discursivas de capitalización de la lengua y de su enseñanza. En otras palabras, buscamos específicamente entender el presente de la enseñanza de lenguas, observando los discursos que circulan en el dispositivo escolar y en la sociedad y que constituyen nuestra subjetividad, preguntándonos de dónde provienen ellos y cuáles son las condiciones históricas de producción que posibilitaron estas materialidades enunciativas en la actualidad. Nuestras principales referencias teóricas provienen de la teoría de Bourdieu, referente al capital simbólico y al mercado lingüísti... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

This thesis examines single-player video gaming. It is an analysis of video game play: what it is, how it functions, and what it means. It is an account of how players learn to play. This is done through a set of close readings of significant video games and key academic texts. My focus is on the mechanisms and forces that shape gameplay practices. Building on the existing fields of ludology and media-studies video-game analysis, I outline a model of video game play as a cultural construction which builds upon the player's existing knowledge of real world and fictional objects, scenarios and conventions. I argue that the relationship between the video game player and the software is best understood as embodying a precise configuration of power. I demonstrate that the single-player video game is in fact what Michel Foucault terms a 'disciplinary apparatus'. It functions to shape players' subjectivities in order to have them behave in easily predicted and managed ways. To do this, video games reuse and repurpose conventions from existing media forms and everyday practices. By this mobilisation of familiar elements, which already have established practices of use, and by a careful process of surveillance, examination and the correction of play practices, video games encourage players to take on and perform the logics of the game system. This relationship between organic player and technological game, I suggest, is best understood through the theoretical figure of the 'Cyborg'. It is a point of intersection between human and computer logics. Far from the ludological assumption that play and culture are separate and that play is shaped entirely by rules, I show video game play to be produced by an array of complex cultural and technological forces that act upon the player. My model of video game play differs from others currently in circulation in that it foregrounds the role of culture in play, while not denying the technological specificity of the video gaming apparatus. My central focus on power and the construction of player subjectivities offers a way to move beyond the simplistic reliance on the notion that rules are the primary shaping mechanism of play that has, to date, dominated much of video game studies.