The artist uses herself as the object of study. Her subjective position is validated within a theoretical framework provided by feminism, existentialism and Freudian theory. The three world views provide the context for an analysis of sculpture produced between the years 1988 and 1997. Three one-person exhibitions held in 1990, 1993 and 1996, are examined in terms of their iconographic emphasis and their theoretical bias. The role of the unconscious in the genesis of the sculptures and the problem of author/reader dichotomies in interpretation are dealt with as thematic threads throughout the dissertation. / Department of History of Art and Fine Arts / M.A. (Fine Arts)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Istvan de Abreu.pdf: 425003 bytes, checksum: fc219a405570e06c29aee4f39c310d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-08 / Sport Psychology has been studying the group dynamics in sporting teams, by analyzing the inter-personal relationships among athletes, or the leaders' and coaches' influence on the team, while other researches study the influence of indirect participants' of the sporting atmosphere comprising, for instance, relatives, friends and spouses. The researches have been analyzing the process of group communication on a one-way direction, and not considering the athlete as an active and not passive individual, where his/her behavior is a direct result of the incentives presented by the environment. It is believed that to understand the productions of the subjective senses and how the communication processes in a sporting team are organized are relevant to lead us understand the subjective configurations, both of the group subjectivity and of the athletes individually. Those two levels of the subjectivity go through processes of constant transformation aiming at looking for a balance to consider the individual and group needs simultaneously [at the same time]. That study had as objective to analyze the relation and the production processes of subjective sense between coach and athletes of a triatlo team, considering: i) the organization of the team communication processes to understand the athlete-team, athlete-athlete, coachteam, coach-athlete relationship; ii) the understanding of the group climate and how that affects the athletes' subjectivity; iii) and how these processes influence the sporting performance. The present study emphasizes the constructive-interpretative and dialogical character of the knowledge, starting from Gonz?lez Rey's interpretation over qualitative research. The field research comprised a five-month follow-up of 8 athletes and a coach of a triatlo team, in a town of the state of S?o Paulo countryside that participates in regional, national and international competitions. For the accomplishment of this study the tools used were: conversational dynamics, term used to emphasize the procedural and open character of the relationships with the participant; complement of sentences, which allowed acquiring information about the production of sense of the individual; and a field diary. The tools supplied indicators of subjective sense, which, in our analysis, took us to the construction of the following subjective senses nuclei: i) the impact of the coach's subjectivity in the team constitution; ii) the competitive moment and its influence in the team subjective configuration; and iii) the family interference in the athlete s subjective formation. The impact of each one of those subjective sense nuclei on the athlete and the team were the main results of this research, where the coach s production of subjective sense had strong influence in the communication process among him and the athlete, the team, and the athlete s family. The coach's dispute for the attention and recognition of the direct and indirect participants created an atmosphere of intra-personal competition, generating individualism, jealousy and envy. Those indicators when associated to others existent in the competitive atmosphere, as the winner's exaltation, the depreciation of the defeated and the promptness configure a social subjectivity, which represents the contemporary society. / A Psicologia do Esporte, tem estudado as din?micas grupais em equipes esportivas, analisando as rela??es inter-pessoais entre atletas, ou a influ?ncia de l?deres e t?cnicos sobre a equipe, enquanto outras pesquisas estudam a influ?ncia dos participantes indiretos do ambiente esportivo, constitu?do, por exemplo, por familiares, amigos, c?njuges. As pesquisas t?m analisado o processo de comunica??o grupal de modo unidirecional, e desconsiderando o atleta como um sujeito ativo, e n?o passivo, onde seu comportamento ? resultado direto dos est?mulos apresentados pelo meio. Acredita-se que compreender as produ??es dos sentidos subjetivos, e como se organizam os processos de comunica??o em uma equipe esportiva, s?o relevantes para compreendermos as configura??es subjetivas, tanto da subjetividade grupal, como dos atletas individualmente.Tanto a subjetividade individual como a grupal passam por processos de constante transforma??o de forma a buscar um equil?brio que considere as necessidades individuais e grupais ao mesmo tempo. Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a rela??o e os processos de produ??o de sentido subjetivo entre t?cnico e atletas de uma equipe de triatlo, considerando: i) a organiza??o dos processos de comunica??o da equipe, a entender a rela??o atleta - equipe, atleta - atleta, t?cnico - equipe, t?cnico atleta; ii) a compreens?o do clima grupal e de que modo ele afeta a subjetividade dos atletas; iii) e de que forma estes processos influenciam no desempenho esportivo. O presente estudo enfatiza o car?ter construtivo interpretativo e dial?gico do conhecimento, a partir da interpreta??o de Gonz?lez Rey sobre pesquisa qualitativa. A pesquisa de campo constituiu-se por um acompanhamento de cinco meses de 8 atletas e um t?cnico de uma equipe de triatlo, em uma cidade do interior de S?o Paulo, e que participa de competi??es regionais, nacionais e internacionais. Para a realiza??o deste estudo os instrumentos utilizados foram: din?mica conversacional, termo utilizado para enfatizar o car?ter processual e aberto das rela??es com o participante; complemento de frases, que permitiu adquirir informa??es sobre a produ??o de sentido do sujeito; e um di?rio de campo. Os instrumentos forneceram indicadores de sentido subjetivo, que em nossa an?lise, nos levou `a constru??o dos seguintes n?cleos de sentidos subjetivos: i) o impacto da subjetividade do t?cnico na constitui??o da equipe; ii) o momento competitivo e sua influ?ncia na configura??o subjetiva da equipe; e iii) a interfer?ncia da fam?lia na forma??o da subjetiva do atleta. O impacto de cada um desses n?cleos de sentido subjetivo sobre o atleta e a equipe foram os principais resultados dessa pesquisa, onde a produ??o de sentido subjetivos do t?cnico teve forte influ?ncia no processo de comunica??o entre ele com o atleta, equipe, e familiares do atleta. A disputa do t?cnico pela aten??o e reconhecimento dos participantes diretos e indiretos, criou um ambiente de competi??o intra-pessoal, gerando individualismo, ci?me e inveja. Esses indicadores quando associados a outros existentes no ambiente competitivo, como a exalta??o do vencedor, desvaloriza??o do derrotado e o imediatismo, configuram uma subjetividade social, que representa a sociedade contempor?nea.

by Li Tsui-yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-105). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One --- The Dilemma of Liberation and Confinement: Female Subjectivity in Comparative Perspectives --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Deconstructing Patriarchal Discourse: Female Subjectivity in Doris Lessing's The Golden Notebook and The Summer Before the Dark --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter Three --- "Resistance to the Stereotypes of Femininity: Female Subjectivity in Zhang Jie's “Love Must Not be Forgotten"" and “The Ark´ح" --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter Four --- The Multiple and the Dynamic: Doris Lessing and Zhang Jie's Strategies in the Construction of Female Subjectivity --- p.73 / Notes --- p.86 / Works Cited --- p.99

The artist uses herself as the object of study. Her subjective position is validated within a theoretical framework provided by feminism, existentialism and Freudian theory. The three world views provide the context for an analysis of sculpture produced between the years 1988 and 1997. Three one-person exhibitions held in 1990, 1993 and 1996, are examined in terms of their iconographic emphasis and their theoretical bias. The role of the unconscious in the genesis of the sculptures and the problem of author/reader dichotomies in interpretation are dealt with as thematic threads throughout the dissertation. / Department of History of Art and Fine Arts / M.A. (Fine Arts)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reziere Degobi.pdf: 1352715 bytes, checksum: f4688f572992d418ccfbf4631611e928 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-23 / O presente estudo teve por objetivo discutir o tema da participação de colaboradores em projetos e ações sociais organizacionais, confrontando-o com a temática da gestão participativa auxiliada pelas tecnologias da informação para o fortalecimento da participação nos Projetos e Ações Sociais da Diretoria Regional do Espírito Santo da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos, coordenados por seu Comitê Regional de Ações Sociais. Além disso, foi abordada também a temática do s sentidos atribuídos pelos colaboradores à sua participação em tais projetos e ações sociais. O principal resultado apresentado pela pesquisa consiste na constatação de que a participação dos colaboradores da empresa estudada em seus projetos e ações sociais é ainda fraca, mas latentemente potencial; constatou-se ainda que mais definições, apoio, canais de comunicação em duas vias e acesso à informação, além de uma maior abertura por parte da empresa, são essenciais à participação de seus colaboradores, segundo eles mesmos. Integração, expectativas, satisfação, omissão, identificação, oportunidade, missão, frustração, recusa, (in)compatibilidade de perfil, espiritualidade, colaboração e ação são alguns dos sentidos declarados e por vezes indiretamente identificados nas respostas dos colaboradores em geral sobre sua participação em projetos e ações sociais. Essas evidências corroboram o quadro teórico adotado para a compreensão da participação, especialmente a voluntária e no local de trabalho, seus sentidos e formas de gestão e fomento, especialmente quando se tratam de projetos e ações sociais organizacionais. Além disso, revelou-se com a pesquisa que se faz necessário utilizar os recursos tecnológicos já disponíveis na organização de maneira mais adequada para beneficiar seus projetos e ações sociais e tornar sua gestão mais aberta à participação. / The main goal of this study was to argue the subject of employer’s participation in organizational social projects and actions, collating it with the thematic of the Participative Management assisted by the Information Technologies as a way to increase such participation in the Diretoria Regional do Espírito Santo da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos’ Social Projects and Actions, coordinated for its Comitê Regional de Ações Sociais. Moreover, it has been also boarded the thematic of the senses attributed by employers to its own participation in such social projects and actions. The research found as main results that employer’s participation on organizational social project and actions of the studied enterprise still is weak, but latently potential; besides, more definitions, politics, support, two-ways communication-channels and enterprise openness’ are essential to its employer’s participation became possible. Integration, expectations, satisfaction, omission, identification, chance, mission, frustration, refuse, profile compatibility, spirit-state philosophy, contribution and action are some of the declared directions and for times indirectly identified in the answers of the collaborators in general on its participation in projects and social actions. These evidences corroborate the adopted theoretical framework for the participation’s understanding, especially the volunteer kind and occurring at the workplace, its senses and forms of management and increasing, especially when social projects and actions are about organizational initiatives. On the other hand this research revealed that if makes necessary to give a better use to the available technological resources already present in the studied organization as a way to benefit its social projects and actions and to make its management become more open to the employer’s participation.

The present PhD-thesis seeks new definitions of human subjectivity in an age of technoscience and a networked, globalized, Information Society. The perspective presented relates to Philosophy of Science, which includes the Human, the Natural, the Social and the Life Sciences. The project is directed at addressing, and aims to participate in, the further development of Philosophy of Science, or rather, the philosophy of knowing, which leaves a perspective broader than that of science. Methodologically, I combine readings of technoetic artworks, which I approach from a hermeneutical-semiotic perspective, with transdisciplinary research into existing theory concerning the human subject. These readings form my case studies. I keep a particular focus on holistic biophysics (Mae Wan Ho, James Oschman, Marko Bischof). Furthermore, Søren Brier's cybersemiotic theory of communication, cognition and consciousness, which combines a cybernetic-autopoietic and a Peircean semiotic perspective, plays a central role in the project. The project has three parts. Part one contextualizes the study within philosophy of science. It discusses relevant epistemologies, and places the case studies in an art categorical context. It further discusses the philosophical problems involved in writing an academic thesis in the form of a linear, argumentative, critical style, and how it affects the process of meaning making in a way that has consequences to my research. The second part consists of four case studies, each under an overall theme, which applies to the question of human subjectivity. Here I build the concept Extended Sentience, and the concept of an Ideal User. The Ideal User functions as a conceptual frame, which allows me to gradually add more elements to a theory of an altered human subject and knower. The third part presents new ontologies under three basic themes: Time and Relativity, The Life Cycles of Metaphors, and Logos Philosophy and Virtual Grids. These ontologies strongly affect ways of interpretation made in part one and two. Part Three allows more space to my subjective thought processes, which will take precedence over the literature applied. Thus, I, as a post-objective subject observer, will become more transparent. Finally, I will seek an overall conclusion to the project, which should clarify areas where it is evident that the human subject must be reconsidered at a pre-scientific level. It is my thesis that the foundation for human knowledge generation is changing drastically today, and that it has become crucial to reconsider a common understanding of what constitutes the human knower.

This poststructuralist research into managerial subjectivity follows ten senior managers’ experience, during significant organizational restructuring in the National Health Service. Located in the North of England the managers were interviewed three times during an eighteen-month period. An autoethnographic component is integral to the study; this recognises the researcher was a practising manager undergoing the same organizational change, whilst researching the field. Judith Butler’s theories provide the principle theoretical framework for the study. Whilst the managers narrated a fantasy of having a ‘true’ and coherent self, the research illustrated how fragile, fleeting and temporary each managerial self is and how passionately attached to their managerial subjectivity (despite how painful) they were. Emotion is presented as inextricably tied up with gender performativity and managerial subjectivity; despite best efforts the emotional ‘dirt’ of organizations cannot be ordered away; there is a constant seepage and spillage of emotion – as illustrated in the vignettes and profiled in the Butlerian deconstruction. During organizational change there was a fear of a social (organizational) death and even the most senior of managers were profoundly vulnerable. This fear and vulnerability heightened in contact with others perceived as more powerful (in critical conversations and interviews). Failure to receive the desired recognition and the risk of being organizationally unintelligible compounded this vulnerability and triggered recurrent, unpredictable patterns of loss, ek-stasis and unravelling of the managerial self. This acute vulnerability during restructuring anticipates and therefore (re) enacts a Machiavellian discourse, one that excuses unethical behaviour and relations as a ‘necessary evil’.

This dissertation demonstrates how Samuel Taylor Coleridge provides a unique vision of reality in which his evolving self-consciousness mirrors, contributes to, and is subsumed by a single universal consciousness. Utilizing the divine power of imagination, he is able to decipher the images from the material world as characters of God's symbolic language of self-revelation; subsequently, through the divine "attribute" of reason, he is able to transform them into a corresponding symbolic language of poetry. He realizes that his creativity is a finite repetition of God's infinite act of creation in which "spirit," God's consciousness in creation, comes to an awareness of itself through the human mind. This study argues that, according to Coleridge, these processes follow a divine intention, and the human faculties and the mind's structure have been molded precisely to achieve a particular understanding of reality that conforms to God's requirements and for spirit's self-actualization. Furthermore, the process by which Coleridge creates and derives knowledge from his poetic expressions follows an archetypal blueprint according to which all natural processes operate. This project illustrates not only how the theory of organicism lies at the foundation of the complex, reciprocal relationship between Coleridge's artistic expression and developing subjectivity, but also how there is an organic interrelationship between an individual's developing self-consciousness and spirit's growing awareness of its cosmic totality. Ultimately, Coleridge's writings reveal that the macrocosmic and microcosmic processes are organically interrelated, interdependent, and symbiotic and that this "truth" is gradually discovered through his experiences of the divine elements of love and beauty in creation.

Despite the Arizona family court's purported focus on the "best interests" of the child, it is inherently parent-centered and does not, in actuality, serve children's well-being. When children are offered opportunities to participate in this legal system, studies have found positive impacts to both the children and the judicial system. The overwhelming majority of these studies were conducted in countries that have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child; the United States is not one of those countries. As such, facilitating children's participation in the court process by encouraging judicial interviews is one way Arizona family law could better promote children's best interests and well-being. What began as a quest for research on how judicial interviews affected children emotionally and psychologically, has evolved into a critical analysis of the family law framework as it exists in the United States—particularly, the State of Arizona. Through a detailed presentation of Arizona family law, this papers demonstrates the court's focus on parents' rights—often in the absence of children's rights. An exploration of the ways in which various philosophical and legal theories work to critique and expose the dominant power relationships in the family law structure follows. It is only through such deconstruction of this law that children's voices can be effectively reincorporated into the family law schema and their "best interests" properly considered.

這篇哲學論文是對約翰．麥克道爾(John McDowell)對「主體性」(subjectivity)看法的一個探究。這個計畫由兩部分所組成。一方面，我將討論麥克道爾如何理解並回應他所處理的諸多議題；另一方面，我將藉由考慮主體性的不同面向來進行相關的討論：一個主體是一個存在世界中的知覺者、知識者、思想者、說話者、行動者、具人格者(person)、以及(自我)意識者。我藉由指出並消解一個出自於「理性動物」這個概念的緊張關係來開始這個探究：人類是自然的，卻也同時是理性的。稍後這個探究藉由考慮麥克道爾的「第二自然∕天性」(second nature)概念如何使我們成為具有多重面貌的人類主體來推進。透過細究麥克道爾的診斷與回應，現代與當代哲學中的兩個中心錯誤–狹窄的自然觀以及「笛卡兒式的內在空間」(Cartesian inner space)–將被指出並且拒斥。 在導論章裡我首先建議我們應該為某個對「世界」的看法留下空間。我進一步論證「心靈性」(mentality)具有許多面向，而了解這些面向便是去了解人類主體的多重面貌。在第一章裡，我解釋為了消解「理性動物」這個概念所產生的緊張關係，亞里斯多德(Aristotle)的「第二自然∕天性」概念如何被引進。其後我回應一些對這個策略的擔憂，包括萊特(Crispin Wright)及其它哲學家的批評。高達美(Hans-Georg Gadamer)的「世界∕環境」區分也被引介並關聯到麥克道爾的思想。第二章討論知覺與知識；麥克道爾的主要標的–笛卡兒式的內在空間–被引進並批評。我也對史卓(Barry Stroud)與布雷克本(Simon Blackburn)的相關立場進行評價。稍後我把心靈與世界(Mind and World)的主題和現有的脈絡關聯起來；具體來說，我討論麥克道爾對戴維森(Donald Davidson)與康德(Immanuel Kant)的引用與延伸。然後我討論一個常被提及的「觀念論」指控，以及布蘭登(Robert Brandom)的「殘餘笛卡兒主義」(residual Cartesianism)批評。第三章專注於庫律普基(Saul Kripke)的維根斯坦(Ludwig Wittgenstein)，指出在規則依循背後的一個主要論題是內在空間模型的一個版本，而且庫律普基的維根斯坦其實並不是真正的維根斯坦。我回應來自庫許(Martin Kusch)的許多批評；達美特(Michael Dummett)對化約論的要求也被駁斥。其後，我考慮戴維森的「無語言」宣稱，並討論麥克道爾在多大的程度上同意他。第四章我衡量來自德雷弗斯(Hubert Dreyfus)關於行動和行動者的批評。我討論麥克道爾如何論證德雷弗斯與梅洛龐蒂(Maurice Merleau-Ponty)都犯了「無身體的智性主體迷思」(the Myth of the Disembodied Intellect)。討論當中也回應了艾爾斯(Michael Ayers)的智性主義指控。其後我引入麥克道爾對帕菲特(Derek Parfit)人格看法、以及對戴維森對心物關聯說法的批評。在第五章我專注於意識和自我意識。麥克道爾將他對帕菲特的論證應用在康德身上，但基尼斯弗(Maximilian de Gaynesford)認為麥克道爾誤讀了康德。我為麥克道爾回應這些批評。我進一步把這個討論關聯到麥克道爾對「概念架構–內容二元論」(scheme-content dualism)的攻擊。這把我們帶領到麥克道爾式看法對「感質」(qualia)的拒斥，並進一步到錯覺論證脈絡下「意向主義」(intentionalism)和「選言主義」(disjunctivism)的爭論。我批評克瑞(Tim Crane)設想意向主義以及錯覺論證的方式。我也討論了許多版本的選言主義。在結論章裡，我表達了對麥克道爾「自我決定主體性」(self-determining subjectivity)這個概念的疑慮。根據麥克道爾，人類的自由為「理由空間中的因果關係」(causations in the space of reasons)所構成，但如同賈斯金(Richard Gaskin)所指出，對它的一個完整說明尚未被提供。我以一些關於要如何填滿這個麥克道爾式圖像的約略想法來作結。 / This essay is an inquiry into John McDowell’s thinking on ‘subjectivity.’ The project consists in two parts. On the one hand, I will discuss how McDowell understands and responds to the various issues he is tackling; on the other, I will approach relevant issues concerning subjectivity by considering different aspects of it: a subject as a perceiver, knower, thinker, speaker, agent, person and (self-) conscious being in the world. The inquiry begins by identifying and resolving a tension generated by the very idea of ‘rational animal’: human beings are at the same time natural and rational. Later the inquiry proceeds by considering how McDowell’s notion of ‘second nature’ enables us to be human subjects with many faces. By going through the diagnoses and responses of McDowell, two central problems in modern and contemporary philosophy – the narrow conception of nature and the Cartesian inner space model – are identified and repelled. In Episode N I first urge that we should leave room for a certain notion of ‘world.’ I further argue that mentality has many aspects, and to understand those aspects is to understand the many faces of human subject. In Episode Ⅰ the Aristotelian notion of ‘second nature’ is discussed in order to resolve the tension in the very idea of ‘rational animal.’ Later I reply to some worries about this maneuver, including the objection from Crispin Wright. Hans-Georg Gadamer’s distinction between world and environment is introduced and related to McDowell’s thinking. Episode Ⅱ discusses perception and knowledge; McDowell’s main target – the Cartesian inner space – is introduced and criticized. Barry Stroud’s and Simon Blackburn’s positions are evaluated. Later I connect the main theme of Mind and World to the present context; in particular, I discuss McDowell’s invocation of Donald Davidson and Immanuel Kant. And then I discuss a common accusation of idealism, and Robert Brandom’s accusation of ‘residual individualism.’ Episode Ⅲ concentrates on Saul Kripke’s Wittgenstein, arguing that the master thesis behind the rule-following paradox is a version of the inner space model, and that Kripke’s Wittgenstein is not Wittgenstein. Martin Kusch’s objections are answered; Michael Dummett’s demand of reductionism is rebutted. After this, I turn to Davidson’s ‘no language’ claim, and discuss to what extent McDowell agrees with him. In Episode Ⅳ I evaluate objections from Hubert Dreyfus concerning action and agency. I discuss how Dreyfus and Maurice Merleau-Ponty commit ‘the Myth of the Disembodied Intellect’ identified by McDowell. I answer Michael Ayer’s charge of intellectualism in passing. Later I bring in McDowell’s objections to Derek Parfit on personhood and to Davidson on the mind-body relation. In Episode Ⅴ I focus on consciousness and self-consciousness. McDowell applies his argument against Parfit to Kant, but Maximilian de Gaynesford dissents. I reply to his objections on McDowell’s behalf. I further connect this to McDowell’s attacks on the dualism of scheme and content. This leads to my McDowellian rejection to the existence of qualia, and further brings me to the debate between intentionalism and disjunctivism in the context of the argument from illusion. I argue against Tim Crane’s ways of conceiving issues about intentionalism and the argument from illusion. Varieties of disjunctivism are also discussed. In my Epilogue, I express my worry about McDowell’s notion of ‘self-determining subjectivity.’ According to McDowell, human freedom consists in causations in the space of reason, but as Richard Gaskin points out, a satisfying story of it is yet to be provided. I close this essay with some rough ideas about how to fill in the details of the McDowellian picture.