This thesis assesses the Amartya Sen's Capability Approach as a theory of global justice. Sen proposes a new paradigm for human development, having expansion of human capability as the moral norm for individual and institutional actions. Sen's paradigm-shifting theory is tested first as a theory of social ethics; and then as a theory of global justice, taking into account globalization’s challenges to theories of justice. The theory's known application – UNDP's Human Development Index and other initiatives – is also scrutinized, aiming to determine whether this application is an accurate translation of the capability approach into reality. On a theoretical point of view, the thesis reveals that what started as a simple interpersonal comparison method can be considered as an efficient theory of global justice, provided that minor proposed amendments are taken. On a practical point of view, the thesis points out that the application of Sen's capability approach is a weak normative representation of the theory, which urges to be reengineered. The thesis calls for a radical expansion of HDI, both in the components of the index (it should urgently have a component for political freedom) and in its unit of comparison. Rather than comparing just nations, human development indexes should target most actors in the global scenario: organizations, NGOs, institutions of global governance and so on.

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This paper examines tactical and ethical considerations for the implementation of drones in the Swedish naval forces. Research concerning ethics and the use of drones differ between being an accepted technology in warfare and an unfair advantage for the user. Research of tactical aspects in using drones show clear advantages for naval tactics. While several nations worldwide have adopted drones in their navy Sweden has not. By examining what considerations can be made concerning ethics and tactics, the implementation of drones can be made easier.  By applying an ethical perspective aspect for drones and one theory concerning the tactical aspect for naval warfare and applying these to different drones, this study examines whether drones can fulfill naval duties simultaneously as well as being ethical in their usage.  The analysis shows that unarmed drones can with ease solve the majority of tactical tasks ethically. Drones which are produced with weapon capability can theoretically complete all tactical assignments however, cannot be considered as being ethical. The findings show that armed drones are not considered ethical; un- armed drones can be exploited in the Swedish naval forces while being ethical and that ethical theory con- cerning drones in the armed forces needs developing in both war and peacetime

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Moraliskt ansvarstagande vid användning av luftstridskrafter vid offensiva luftoperationer mot markmål har undersökts genom en kvalitativ textanalys. Försvarsmaktens doktriner, värdegrund, reglementen samt handbok för planering och ledning har undersökts genom en kvalitativ text- och innehållsanalys, för att belysa hur ansvar ges, regleras och möjliggörs att tas. Resultatet har analyserats med stöd av teorier om vad som är moraliskt rätt inom krigföring, vilka etiska system och ansvarslinjer som finns inom en politiskt styrd organisation samt hur en byråkratisk organisa­tion påverkar verksamheten och förståelse för individens roll i resultatet.  Syftet var att belysa hur de etiska systemen påverkade officeren i Försvarsmakten, om regleringen av verksamheten tydliggjorde hur moraliskt ansvarstagande skulle tas och om organisationsformen bidrog eller begränsade möjligheten.  Resultatet visade att de etiska systemen stödjer officeren genom att inbördes rangordna deras betydelse, samtidigt som professionsetiken inte visar vad som är moraliskt rätt i krig. Det formella ansvaret fördelas tydligt, däremot klarläggs inte om det moraliska ansvaret fördelas lika. Försvarsmakten är till vissa delar medveten om organisationens begränsningar och försöker till del kompensera för dem. I andra delar förstärker både de etiska systemen och organisationsformen i sig, de redan kända problem som finns i en politiskt styrd och byråkratisk organisation.

Denna studie har som syfte att undersöka hur genus framställs i reklam utifrån ett etiskt perspektiv. Diskussionen kring etik har ökat och det finns en medvetenhet kring hur reklam framställer människor, men trots detta är reklam som objektifierar kvinnor och män vanligt förekommande. Genus spelar en stor roll i hur människor definierar sig själva då det skapas socialt och kulturellt utifrån koder i samhället. Vårt undersökningsobjekt är hälsomagasinet Hälsa där vi vill ta reda på hur de ser på etik och genus i sina reklamannonser och vilka strategier de tillämpar när de väljer vilka annonser som får publiceras. Vi vill i vår studie besvara frågeställningarna kring vilka etiska strategier magasinet Hälsa använder sig av vid val av reklambilder utifrån etik, på vilket sätt reklambilderna tillsammans med övriga grafiska element speglar Hälsas etiska strategi för bildval. Slutligen vill vi med studien svara på om Hälsa använder sig av reklambilder som överträder de etiska normerna och i så fall på vilket sätt. Studiens teoretiska ramverk baseras i teori kring etik, genus och visuell kommunikation. Metoden som används för att besvara dessa frågeställningar är kvalitativ för att få en djupare förståelse för magasinet Hälsas strategi för val av bilder. Metoden består av en semiotisk bildanalys av ett urval reklambilder i magasinet Hälsa och intervjuer med ansvariga på magasinet och andra ämneskunniga personer. Resultatet av studien visar att magasinet Hälsa till största delen följer sina etiska förhållningsregler även om det förekommer undantag som kan tolkas som objektifierande reklam och har sexuella anspelningar. Vidare visar resultatet att genusperspektivet används mycket i Hälsas reklambilder

This paper examines the possibilities of using video games as a tool for education of virtue ethics. By comparing learning aspects in Marc Prensky’s theory Digital Game-Based Learning and Aristotelian virtue ethics, this paper tries to look for similarities in how each theory looks at learning. Prensky’s theory is about how one can use video games in education, which is why it is used here. This is done by using three major learning theories as a framework of how one learns. The theories are sociocultural learning theory, constructivist learning theory and Learning by Doing. Both virtue ethics and Digital Game Based-Learning are presented in detail, describing what they are, how they look at learning and how that view relates to the other three major theories. Once that is done, a comparison between Virtue Ethics and Digital Game-Based Learning is given to show what they have in common. The comparison looks at both theories views on learning and from there decides whether they work in conjunction with each other or not. The paper ends with a discussion of how plausible the usage of video games and Digital GameBased Learning is in a school environment, asking questions regarding issues with video games in general and Prensky’s theory.

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<p>Sometimes relatives have taken me on one side and told me they cannot bear it any more:"Isn't there something you can do to end it all?"More often requests for euthanasia have come from those who are ill. I remember visiting a man with lung cancer. He asked his wife to leave the room. As she closed the door he leaned over and grabbed my arm. "I want to die", he said. "Please can you give me something." He felt a burden on his wife and wanted euthanasia for himself .</p><p>Often in their duty, physicians are faced with euthanasia requests of this kind. Death is the inevitable fate of all humans but how we die is an issue of great concern for many of us. Fear of pain, loss of control and being a burden to our loved ones are common issues surrounding dying and death of patients. This has led to varying circumstances of patients’ death, and of a significant remark, the involvement of physicians in bringing about these deaths through an act of euthanasia. Euthanasia involves the intentional killing of a patient by the direct intervention of a physician (or another party) ostensibly for the good of the patient, and the most common form that this comes is through lethal injection. The ethics of euthanasia and of a physicians’ involvement have been a contentious issue from the beginnings of medicine. This for the most part is as a result that the ethical code of physicians has long been based in part on the Hippocratic Oath, which requires physicians to “do no harm”. Thus, the focus of this work will be to look into the role of the physician in ending a patient’s life through the act of euthanasia. Although necessary but not a central point of this work to merely develop arguments for and against the justification of euthanasia and a physician’s involvement in the act, but to critically view the role played by physicians in ending the life of patients through euthanasia in contrast with their medical obligation. The issue of euthanasia raises ethical questions for physicians. Is it morally right or wrong for a physician to end the life of his or her patient? And this therefore will be the focus of this work.</p>