Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en obotlig sjukdom som kan orsaka allvarliga hälsorelaterade komplikationer. En stor del av behandlingen består av egenvård. Sjukdomsdebuten sker oftast i pubertetsålder, och vid övergången till vuxen kan det vara extra utmanande att hantera sjukdomen. Mer förståelse för det stora egenansvaret som diabetes typ 1 kräver gör att sjuksköterskor kan stötta unga vuxna på bästa sätt under övergångsperioden. Syfte: Att beskriva unga vuxna upplevelser av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 1.   Metod: Litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ, induktiv ansats. Tolv vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades med Fribergs (2022) femstegsmodell. Datainsamlingen utfördes via databaserna Cinahl och MEDLINE.   Resultat: Unga vuxna med typ 1-diabetes genomgick en känslosam övergång när de tog över egenvårdsansvaret från föräldrarna. Stöd från närstående och vårdpersonal var avgörande för att främja god diabeteskontroll, medan bristande förståelse eller överdrivet involverande från närstående kunde leda till försämrad egenvård. Unga vuxna upplevde ofta en rädsla för att vara annorlunda och kunde kompromissa med sin egenvård för att undvika stigma eller passa in i sociala sammanhang.   Slutsats: Unga vuxna med typ 1-diababetes möter tuffa utmaningar vid övergången till vuxenlivet eftersom de måste ta ansvar för sin egenvård samtidigt som de möter andra typiska utmaningar i livet. Balansgången mellan egenvård och det vardagliga livet, samt behovet av stöd från familj- och vänner, påverkar deras känslor av frustration och uppgivenhet. / Background: Diabetes type 1 is an incurable disease that can cause serious health related complications. Treatment mainly consists of self-care. Disease onset usually occurs during puberty, and the transition to adulthood can be particularly challenging to manage with diabetes type 1. Understanding the great personal responsibility required by diabetes mellitus type 1 allows nurses to best support young adults during this transition.   Aim: Describe young adults experiences of self-care in diabetes mellitus type 1.   Method: A literature review with a qualitative and inductive approach. Twelve scientific articles were analyzed according to Friberg’s (2022) five-step model. Data were conducted through the Cinahl and MEDLINE databases.   Results: Young adults with type 1 diabetes experienced an emotional transition when taking over self-care responsibilities from their parents. Support from family and healthcare professionals was crucial in promoting effective diabetes management, while lack of understanding or excessive involvement from family members lead to deteriorated self-care. Young adults feared being different and sometimes compromised their self-care to avoid stigma or fit into social contexts.   Conclusion: Young adults with type 1 diabetes face tough challenges during the transition to adulthood as they must take responsibility for their self-care while encountering typical life challenges. The balance between self-care and everyday life, as well as the need for support from family and friends, influences their feelings of frustration and resignation.

Sekundär traumatisering är ett tillstånd som kan drabba yrkesverksamma som arbetar i människobehandlande yrken med traumautsatta klienter. Att bli sekundärt traumatiserad innebär att socialarbetaren blir traumatiserad av klientens berättelser. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka socialarbetarens förståelse och upplevelser av fenomenet sekundär traumatisering samt om och hur hälsan påverkas hos socialarbetare till följd av emotionellt påfrestande arbetsuppgifter. Studien ska även undersöka vilka strategier socialarbetare tillämpar för att minimera risken att utsättas för sekundär traumatisering. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod har fem intervjuer ägt rum med socialsekreterare som arbetar inom socialtjänsten. Resultatet visar på att socialarbetare är en utsatt yrkesgrupp där arbetsuppgifterna ökar risken att utsättas för sekundär traumatisering. Genom intervjusvaren visar samtliga respondenter på symptom på sekundär traumatisering. Resultaten har analyserats utifrån Lazarus (1999) copingteori samt Antonovskys (2005) KASAM, känsla av sammanhang. Den sekundära traumatiseringens omfattning regleras utifrån arbetsmiljö, tidigare erfarenheter av trauma, egna strategier och egenvård. Resultatet visar även på att socialarbetare som tillämpar egna strategier för att uppnå välbefinnande löper lägre risk att utsättas för sekundär traumatisering. De copingstrategier som används som skyddsfaktorer är ventilering med kollegor, känslan av meningsfullhet kopplat till arbetet samt återhämtning. Studien visar även på att socialarbetarnas privatliv påverkas av deras yrkesroll. / Secondary traumatization is a condition that can affect professionals who work in human treatment professions with trauma-exposed clients. Secondarily traumatized means that the social worker is traumatized by the client's stories. This study aims to investigate the social worker's understanding and experiences of the phenomenon of secondary traumatization and if and how the health of social workers is affected as a result of emotionally stressful tasks. The study will also examine what strategies social workers apply to minimize the risk of being exposed to secondary traumatization. Through a qualitative research method, five interviews have taken place with social workers who work in the social services. The results show that social workers are a vulnerable professional group where the tasks increase the risk of being exposed to secondary traumatization. Through the interview responses, all respondents show symptoms of secondary traumatization. The results have been analyzed based on Lazarus' (1999) coping theory and Antonovskys (2005) SOC, sense of coherence. The extent of secondary traumatization is regulated based on the work environment, previous experiences of trauma, own strategies and self-care. The results also show that social workers who apply their own strategies to achieve well-being are at lower risk of being exposed to secondary traumatization. The coping strategies used as protective factors are venting with colleagues, the feeling of meaningfulness linked to work and recovery. The study also shows that the social workers' private life is affected by their professional role.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka huruvida det fanns ett samband mellan HR-praktikers upplevda känsla av sammanhang på arbetsplatsen utifrån KASAM-modellen och hur mycket de arbetade på distans. Studien genomfördes genom en digital enkätundersökning där 69 HR-praktiker deltog. Enkäten innehöll The Work-SoC Questionnaire som mätte deltagarnas känsla av sammanhang på arbetsplatsen. Resultatet visade inget signifikant samband mellan HR-praktikers upplevda känsla av sammanhang på arbetsplatsen och hur mycket de arbetade på distans. Denna studie fann däremot att HR-praktiker var en yrkesgrupp som hade hög arbetsrelaterad KASAM vid distansarbete och därmed har mindre risk att påverkas negativt av distansarbete. / The aim of the study was to investigate if there was a correlation between HR practitioners' perceived work-related sense of coherence based on the SOC model and how much they were working remotely. The study was carried out through a digital survey in which 69 HR practitioners participated. The survey contained The Work-SoC Questionnaire which measured the participants' work-related sense of coherence. The result showed no significant correlation between HR practitioners' perceived sense of context in the workplace and how much they worked remotely. In contrast, this study found that HR practitioners were a professional group that had high work-related SOC when teleworking and thus have less risk of being negatively affected by teleworking.

Bakgrund Psykisk ohälsa är en betydande utmaning för folkhälsan globalt. Elektrokonvulsiv terapi (ECT) är en väl etablerad behandlingsmetod inom psykiatrin och har visat sig vara en mycket effektiv metod mot flera psykiska sjukdomar. Trots detta fortsätter den att vara mycket kontroversiell och missförstådd. Det förekommer att patientens och familjemedlemmarnas acceptans av ECT påverkas av hur vårdpersonal presenterar behandlingen. Sjuksköterskors kunskap om och inställning till ECT kan alltså ha en direkt påverkan på patienternas val av behandling. Syfte Syftet var att belysa patienters erfarenheter av att genomgå ECT. Metod För att besvara syftet har en har icke systematisk litteraturöversikt använts som studiedesign. Sökningarna gjordes i fritext, i databaserna Public Medline och PsycINFO. De tio artiklarna granskades därefter i enlighet med Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag. För att strukturera redovisningen av resultaten gjordes en integrerad analys där olika kategorier identifierades och sammanfattade resultaten i de olika artiklarna. Resultat Många patienter kände stark rädsla inför ECT-behandlingen. Deras upplevelser påverkades ofta av tidigare exponering för dramatiska representationer av ECT i filmer och media. Stöd från nära och kära ansågs vara avgörande för hur behandling upplevdes. I flera studier framställdes ECT som en effektiv och livräddande behandling. Patienternas tidigare kunskap och attityder gentemot ECT påverkade deras beslut att samtycka till behandlingen. Dessutom upplevde många patienter att processen att skaffa information var komplex och varierande. Slutsats Litteraturöversikten visar att patienters erfarenheter av ECT kan variera. Påverkande faktorer var mängden stöd och information de hade fått samt deras tidigare kunskap och fördomar. De som hade fått information och stöd var ofta nöjdare med behandlingen. Många deltagare uttryckte rädsla för biverkningar och flera återberättade hur ECT hade räddat deras liv. / Background Mental disorders represent a significant public health concern globally. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established treatment method in psychiatry and has proven to be a highly effective for several psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, it remains to be controversial and misunderstood. It is recognized that patients and family members acceptance of ECT is often influenced by how healthcare professionals present the treatment. Therefore, nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward ECT can directly impact patients’ treatment choices. Aim The aim was to illuminate patients' experiences of undergoing ECT. Method To address the purpose, a non-systematic literature review was used as the study design. Searches were conducted using free text in the databases Public Medline and PsycINFO. The ten articles were then reviewed according to the assessment criteria of Sophiahemmet University. To structure the presentation of the results, an integrated analysis was conducted, identifying different categories and summarizing the findings from the various articles. Results Many patients experienced strong fear before undergoing ECT treatment. Their experiences were often influenced by prior exposure to dramatic representations of ECT in movies and media. Support from loved ones was considered crucial to the experience of treatment. In several studies, ECT was portrayed as an effective and life-saving treatment. Patients’ prior knowledge and attitudes toward ECT influenced their decisions to consent to treatment. Additionally, many patients found the process of obtaining information to be complex and varied. Conclusions The literature review demonstrates that patients experience of ECT can vary. Influential factors included the amount of support and information they had received, as well as their prior knowledge and prejudices. Those who had received information and support were often more satisfied with the treatment. Many participants expressed fear of side effects, and several recounted how the treatment had saved their lives.

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are aircraft without a human pilot on board. They are comprised of a ground-based autonomous or human operated control system, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a communication, command and control (C3) link between the two systems. UAS are widely used in military warfare, wildfire mapping, aerial photography, etc primarily to collect and process large amounts of data. While they are highly efficient in data collection and processing, they are susceptible to software espionage and data manipulation. This research aims to provide a novel solution to enhance the security of the flight controller thereby contributing to a secure and robust UAS. The proposed solution begins by introducing a new technology in the domain of flight controllers and how it can be leveraged to overcome the limitations of current flight controllers. The idea is to decouple the applications running on the flight controller from the task of data validation. The authenticity of all external data processed by the flight controller can be checked without any additional overheads on the flight controller, allowing it to focus on more important tasks. To achieve this, we introduce an adjacent controller whose sole purpose is to verify the integrity of the sensor data. The controller is designed using minimal resources from the reconfigurable logic of an FPGA. The secondary I/O processor is implemented on an incipient Zynq SoC based flight controller. The soft-core microprocessor running on the configurable logic of the FPGA serves as a first level check on the sensor data coming into the flight controller thereby forming a trusted boundary layer. / Master of Science / UAV is an aerial vehicle which does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to lift the vehicle and is controlled either autonomously by an onboard computer or remotely controlled by a pilot on ground. The software application running on the onboard computer is known as flight controller. It is responsible for guidance and trajectory tracking capabilities of the aircraft. A UAV consists of various sensors to measure parameters such as orientation, acceleration, air speed, altitude, etc. A sensor is a device that detects or measures a physical property. The flight controller continuously monitors the sensor values to guide the UAV along a specific trajectory. Successful maneuvering of a UAV depends entirely on the data from sensors, thus making it vulnerable to sensor data attacks using fabricated physical stimuli. These kind of attacks can trigger an undesired response or mask the occurrence of actual events. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach where we perform a first-level check on the incoming sensor data using a dedicated low cost hardware designed to protect data integrity. The data is then forwarded to the flight controller for further access and processing.

In the last two decades, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been rapidly developed from simple “glue-logic” to a powerful platform capable of implementing a System on Chip (SoC). Modern FPGAs achieve not only the high performance compared with General Purpose Processors (GPPs), thanks to hardware parallelism and dedication, but also better programming flexibility, in comparison to Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Moreover, the hardware programming flexibility of FPGAs is further harnessed for both performance and manipulability, which makes Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) possible. DPR allows a part or parts of a circuit to be reconfigured at run-time, without interrupting the rest of the chip’s operation. As a result, hardware resources can be more efficiently exploited since the chip resources can be reused by swapping in or out hardware tasks to or from the chip in a time-multiplexed fashion. In addition, DPR improves fault tolerance against transient errors and permanent damage, such as Single Event Upsets (SEUs) can be mitigated by reconfiguring the FPGA to avoid error accumulation. Furthermore, power and heat can be reduced by removing finished or idle tasks from the chip. For all these reasons above, DPR has significantly promoted Reconfigurable Computing (RC) and has become a very hot topic. However, since hardware integration is increasing at an exponential rate, and applications are becoming more complex with the growth of user demands, highlevel application design and low-level hardware implementation are increasingly separated and layered. As a consequence, users can obtain little advantage from DPR without the support of system-level middleware. To bridge the gap between the high-level application and the low-level hardware implementation, this thesis presents the important contributions towards a Reliable, Reconfigurable and Real-Time Operating System (R3TOS), which facilitates the user exploitation of DPR from the application level, by managing the complex hardware in the background. In R3TOS, hardware tasks behave just like software tasks, which can be created, scheduled, and mapped to different computing resources on the fly. The novel contributions of this work are: 1) a novel implementation of an efficient task scheduler and allocator; 2) implementation of a novel real-time scheduling algorithm (FAEDF) and two efficacious allocating algorithms (EAC and EVC), which schedule tasks in real-time and circumvent emerging faults while maintaining more compact empty areas. 3) Design and implementation of a faulttolerant microprocessor by harnessing the existing FPGA resources, such as Error Correction Code (ECC) and configuration primitives. 4) A novel symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)-based architectures that supports shared memory programing interface. 5) Two demonstrations of the integrated system, including a) the K-Nearest Neighbour classifier, which is a non-parametric classification algorithm widely used in various fields of data mining; and b) pairwise sequence alignment, namely the Smith Waterman algorithm, used for identifying similarities between two biological sequences. R3TOS gives considerably higher flexibility to support scalable multi-user, multitasking applications, whereby resources can be dynamically managed in respect of user requirements and hardware availability. Benefiting from this, not only the hardware resources can be more efficiently used, but also the system performance can be significantly increased. Results show that the scheduling and allocating efficiencies have been improved up to 2x, and the overall system performance is further improved by ~2.5x. Future work includes the development of Network on Chip (NoC), which is expected to further increase the communication throughput; as well as the standardization and automation of our system design, which will be carried out in line with the enablement of other high-level synthesis tools, to allow application developers to benefit from the system in a more efficient manner.

The purpose of this study was to investigate preschool teacher’s experience of children’s withdrawals during physical activity in preschool.   Interviews were used as a method to study the subject. Five preschool teachers was interviewed and recorded for a total of 109 minutes’ witch has been analyzed. The focus of the study is preschool teacher’s experiences accounting children 3-5 years of age. The theory of SOC, sense of coherence, founded by Antonovsky (2005) has been used in the study.   The results indicate that the preschool teachers have experience of children’s withdrawals during physical activity in preschool. According to the teachers, it is uncertainty over the activity, not trusting your body and low self-esteem that causes the withdrawals. Not feeling safe, a lack of social skills and disinterest over the activity is also causes for withdrawal. The withdrawals often happen verbally or invisible and quiet. The teachers frequently analyze their work to be able to develop the physical activity’s to be able to include everyone and make the experience of the physical activity motivating and fun. / Syftet med den här studien var att bidra med kunskap gällande förskollärares erfarenheter av barn som drar sig undan planerad fysisk aktivitet i förskolan samt på vilket sätt förskollärare arbetar för att inkludera dessa barn.   Kvalitativa intervjuer i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts för att ta reda på förskollärares erfarenheter av att arbeta med planerad fysisk aktivitet. Barn i åldrarna 3-5 år har framförallt varit i fokus. 5 förskollärare intervjuades i sammanlagt 109 minuter vilket har legat till grund för resultatet av studien. Antonovskys (2005) teori KASAM användes som teoretiskt ramverk.   Resultatet visade att samtliga förskollärare hade erfarenhet av barn som drar sig undan planerad fysisk aktivitet i förskolan. Barnen drog sig enligt deras erfarenheter undan på grund av osäkerhet inför vad som kommer hända, dålig tilltro till den egna kroppen och låg självkänsla. Även otrygghet, rädsla i sociala sammanhang och helt enkelt ointresse för aktiviteten kunde också göra att barn drar sig undan. Antingen kunde barnen dra sig undan verbalt med ljud eller ickeverbalt och tyst. För att inkludera alla barn arbetar förskollärarna med att stärka de barn som är osäkra samt analysera och ändra i de aktiviteter som utförs så att alla blir motiverade och har möjlighet att delta.

企業最重要的目地就是追求成長及獲利，而成長是很重要的，因為只有成長，企業才能創造股東價值。不幸的是，企業的核心事業一旦進入成熟階段後，在追求新的成長舞台時，必須承擔令人卻步的風險。成長的關鍵，在於成為破壞者，而不是被破壞者，新進者對在位者的最佳攻擊方法，就是破壞他們。所謂破壞性創新，指的並不是生產更好的產品，提供給既有市場的顧客，而是做出更簡單、更便利、更便宜的產品，提供給新的顧客層，或是要求不那麼高的顧客群。 在台灣有一家以工業電腦為起家的企業研華公司。根據VDC (Venture Development Corporation)於2001 年4月所作之工業電腦全球市場報告列出全球前五大之工業電腦廠商，包括Radisys、SBS、NI、MERCURY及Kontron在全球工業電腦業界有著相當重要的地位，而研華則是台灣唯一進入全球前五大排行榜。期望透過個案的深入探討和驗証，發掘其成功關連的機制和因素，尤其是在創新部份，如何應用研發中心的機制來完成破壞性創新的目的，不斷地成長。並配合學術上有關「破壞性創新」理論研究，演化出台灣企業應如何進行破壞性創新，才能避開可能的風險，達到成長的目地。 本研究重點試圖從:一、市場機會點，二、競爭對手評估，三、策略考量與執行，四、研發中心的運作等四個構面，探討其間相互影響，並透過研發中心運作機制，來達成破壞性創新成長目的。主要的項目如下: 1. 企業在進行破壞性創新時應如何尋找市場可能機會點? 2. 企業在進行破壞性創新應如何進行競爭對手評估? 2.1 如何找出並定位出不對稱動機? 2.2.如何在大環境中建立不對稱的能力？ 3. 企業該用何種策略來進行破壞性創新？ 4. 企業如何應用研發中心來進行破壞性創新？ 研究以研華的研發中心為例子，來探討破壞性創新與研發中心運作，藉由個案的深入了解與探討，得到以下結論 一、 在破壞性創新中的市場主要客戶是尚未消費者，尚未消費者存在著較大的市場機會點。 二、 破壞性創新專案，必須要由研發中心專職的單位，有紀律的執行力，且必須提早建立商品化及銷售規劃，否則不易成功。 三、 研發中心在執行破壞性創新時，要採用應變型組織研發策略，並慎選計劃主持人，妥善應用政府資源，並和先期投入研發的研宄單位合作。 四、 競爭對手評估中，如何找到其價值主張是最重要的，因價值主張不同而產生不對稱動機及不對稱能力，具有不對稱動機，及不對稱的能力時，則很容易成功。否則寧可選擇利基市場，避開正面競爭，先取得小勝，再累積成大勝 五、 如果公司規模成長到某一種程度，而必須藉助破壞性創新成長時，最好先成立研發中心或是獨立子公司來運作，而研發中心的風險又低於獨立子公司，但需將研發中心從組織獨立出來，並由CEO親自領軍，否則不易成功。 關鍵字: ◆ 破壞性創新 ◆ 研發中心 ◆ Win CE核心平台 ◆ SOC (System On Chip) ◆ 不對稱動機 ◆ 不對稱能力 ◆ 價值網路 / For any enterprise, the most important goal is to pursue growth and profits. Growth is especially significant as it creates more value for shareholders. However, once the core business steps into maturity stage, the enterprise usually has to take stunning risk in creating new growth. The key point to grow is to be a destructor rather than a loser whereas the best way for a newcomer to defeat the current opponents is to destroy them. The destructive innovation I refer to is not better products for present customers but simper, faster, and cheaper products for new or less-demanding customers. This thesis examines the key factor and mechanism to success of an industrial computer company in Taiwan, Advantech Technology. According to a computer market report by Venture Development Corporation in April 2001, the top five industrial computer companies worldwide are Radisys, SBS, NI, MERCURY and Kontron. Among them, Advantech Technology is the only company from Taiwan listed in the top five. Through studying this case carefully, I wish to uncover the main factor to success, particularly in the innovation part, how they use the R&D center to achieve the destructive innovation and constantly make more profits every year. This study analyses the influence from four aspects: 1. market opportunity points, 2. the evaluation of competitors, 3. strategic thinking and execution, 4. the operation of R&D center. Furthermore, it investigates how the R&D center operates with a view to achieving the goal of destructive innovation and growth. The four aspects are further explained as the following: 1. How to seek the market opportunity while developing the destructive innovation ideas? 2. How to evaluate competitors while developing the destructive innovation? 2.1 How to find out and position the asymmetric motivation? 2.2 How to formulate the asymmetric ability in the overall environments? 3. What strategy should take in order to carry out the destructive innovation? 4. How to accomplish the destructive innovation with the aid of R&D Center? I take the R&D Center of Advantech as an example to probe into the destructive innovation and the operation of R&D center. From this case study, I conclude the following points: 1. In the market of destructive innovation, the major customer is those who have not purchased yet. They have larger market opportunity point. 2. The project for destructive innovation must be executed efficiently by a special task force formed within R&D center, and plan its commercialization and marketing strategy earlier; otherwise, it is not easy to succeed. 3. While executing the destructive innovation, the R&D center should adopt a flexible organizational research strategy, choose project manager carefully, take good use of government resources and cooperate with the previous research sectors. 4. While evaluating the competitors, it’s very important to find out their core value because it influences the asymmetric motivation and capability, with which an enterprise is likely to succeed. Otherwise, it is better to choose the niche market, avoid frontal competition, and win little at first and then gradually to a big deal. 5. If an enterprise keep growing to a certain degree and it needs a destructive innovation growth, it is better to have a R&D center or independent subsidiary company to run the project. R&D center has less risk than a subsidiary company, but R&D needs to be independent of the enterprise and overseen by the CEO to ensure its success.

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