The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of starter N inputs and Bradyrhizobium inoculation on soybean symbiotic N fixation and grain yield under field and greenhouse conditions. The study was conducted in the Wellington and the Habitant dykelands in NS. The treatments consisted of 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 g/kg seed rates of inoculant and 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha rates of N fertilizer. Under acidic soil conditions, the inoculated plants showed significant N fixation responses in the Wellington field while saline soil conditions suppressed N fixation in the Habitant field. The soybean grain yield showed an increasing trend with the inoculant rate 4.5 g/kg seed. The starter N fertilizer did not facilitate the soybean grain yield in the dykelands. Under controlled environment conditions, inoculant rate 3 g/kg seed alone produced the same amount of yield as 1.5 and 4.5 g/kg seed rates with N fertilizer.

Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2003. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2003. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

The objective of the thesis is to examine Dr. Broom's Top Management Game. The examination covers the realism of model input output relationships, the cost of an application, the design structure utilized and the adequacy of the model presentation. Before the analysis is undertaken two analytical tools are developed. The first of these is a management game typology which provides a standardized, method for describing gaming models. The second tool is a two dimensional matrix which may be employed for design or analytical purposes. The rows of the matrix represent input for the current period and the columns output for the current period. In order to determine the feasibility of converting The Broom Game, to modular design, the structure of a modular game is outline. Dr. Broom's Game, is an educational model which employs the computer to calculate the results for a period. Though the model is supposedly total enterprise the personnel function is absent. The marketing function of the model performs in a highly unrealistic manner. Also the production function is inadequate in that no attempt is made to break production into its component parts. The cost of an application is approximately two dollars. In the authors opinion it is not feasible to convert the model to modular design. Finally the administrators' presentation was found to be inadequate. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / In this work, we describe the synthesis of ferrocenylimine and G1 dendrimeric N,N′ ligands, and their palladium(II) complexes. The ligands L1 – L4 were synthesized following Schiff base condensation reactions. The ferrocenylimine ligands L1 and L2 were prepared from ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and 1,3-diaminopropane or DAB-4-(NH2)4, while the G1 dendrimeric N,N′ ligands L3 and L4 were prepared from DAB-4-amine and 2- pyridinecarboxaldehyde or 2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde. The air and moisture stable ligands were obtained in fairly good yields of over 65 %. All the ligands were observed to be soluble in common organic solvents. They were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, micro-analysis and ESImass spectrometry.A reaction of the ligands with PdCl2(COD) or PdCl2(MeCN)2 gave palladium(II) complexes C1 – C4 in good yields of over 70%. The complexes were observed to be stable. However,the complexes did not dissolve in common organic solvents. These were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.All the complexes were screened for activity towards Heck coupling model reaction of iodobenzene with styrene. The complexes catalyzed the coupling of styrene with iodobenzene, giving over 60 % conversions. However, complex C3 was found to be the most active catalyst, yielding 75% conversion without formation of palladium black.

<p> Experimental and theoretical investigations on charge dependence and charge asymmetry in N-N and λ-N interactions are reviewed. The γ-π-exchange N-N and λ-N potentials are derived and calculated in the static limit. The γ-π-exchange charge dependent component of the N-N potential is found to be larger than the charge dependent part of OPEP due to pion mass difference up to 3 fm and is of opposite sign, making the explanation of the splitting between p-n and p-p scattering lengths more difficult than was previously thought. Except at very short distances, this potential is of the order of only a few percent of the OPEP. In the light of this result, it is concluded that the very large charge-dependent correction at large distances required by Noyes' phenomenological analysis on the splitting of rpn and rpp is inexplicable as an electromagnetic correction. The γ-π exchange charge asymmetric components of both N-N and λ-N interactions are found to be much weaker than the charge dependent one for the N-N case.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis describes the synthesis, structure and reactivity of singly bridged dinuclear Group 11 metal complexes, supported by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. These complexes include dinuclear copper(I) complexes that demonstrate three-center, two-electron bonding with short intermetallic distances. In the first part of this study, a hydride-bridged dicopper cation, {[(IDipp)Cu]2(μ-H)}+ BF4–, which adopts a bent arrangement about the hydride was isolated. It undergoes facile methanolysis, readily reacts with carbon dioxide to afford a (κ2-formate)-bridged dicopper species, and coordinates carbon monoxide reversibly to form a carbonyl adduct. The [(LCu)2H]+ cation also inserts phenylacetylene to afford a gem-dicopper vinyl cation, a rare example of the insertion of carbon-carbon multiple bonds into a copper hydride. The second part of this thesis describes the synthesis and structural characterization of the first boryl-bridged dicopper cation {[(SIDipp)Cu]2(μ-B(O2C6H4)}+ BF4–. The solid state structure shows a bent arrangement about the boryl with a short intermetallic distance of 2.4082(2) Å. The boryl-bridged dicopper cation deprotonates phenylacetylene to form a phenylacetylide dicopper complex. It also readily reacts with methanol to form the hydride-bridged dicopper cation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to give further insight into the nature of the metal–boron bonds in comparison to the mononuclear analogue. The two electrons contributed by the bridging boryl are shared between the boron and the two copper centers in the [(LCu)2B]+ core. This three-center, two-electron bonding orbital is lower-lying in energy in comparison to the Cu−B σ-bonding molecular orbital in the mononuclear analogue, consistent with a less nucleophilic Cu–B bond. The NHC ligand also stabilizes an isoleptic series of dinuclear μ-fluoro cations of copper(I), silver(I), and gold(I). In these complexes, a single fluoride acts as the sole bridging ligand between the two group 11 metal centers of the form [(LM)2(μ-F)]+. All three cations are highly sensitive to adventitious moisture, readily forming the hydroxide-bridged dinuclear cations. The gold(I) complex is the most reactive. It activates the C-Cl bonds of CD2Cl2 and adds rapidly across an allene C=C bond to form an allylic C–F bond, and a vinyl anion bound asymmetrically to the two gold(I) centers.

The research described in this Thesis is an investigation of the intramolecular trapping of N-nitrenes by alkenes and alkynes. In the former case, the objective was to try to obtain a description of the transition state geometry for concerted addition of nitrenes to double bonds. This was attempted by a study of intramolecular nitrene additions since in the latter, some control over the approach geometry of the interacting components can be exercised by design of the molecular framework. From the effect of changes in this framework upon the characteristics of the cycloaddition, and in particular upon its concertedness, an ideal configuration for the participating atoms (i.e. transition state geometry) was definable. 2H-azirines are obtained in greatly improved yields in the intramolecular trapping of N-nitrenes by comparison with the analogous inter- molecular trapping. Analysis of the n.m.r. spectra of these azirines together with the X-ray crystal structure of one of them reveals that a preference for near-coplanarity of three of the bonds at the spiro-centre results in conformational anchoring of the five-membered ring. (Examination of all the azirine ring containing structures in the Cambridge crystallographic data file shows that all of these also show the same near-coplanarity of azirine C-C bond and substituent bonds at the spiro-centre). Attempts to trap a presumed 1H-azirine intermediate were unsuccessful. This is probably the result not only of their anti-aromatic character but also that migration of the N-N bond in the 1H-azirine delivers the 2H- azirines, in the cases studied, directly in their most stable conformations.