The Diploma Thesis focuses on the general characteristics of the internal and external migration in the area of South Bohemia. One of the most important part of the thesis is the division and the definition of the migration regions of South Bohemia and their comparison with the migration regions according to J. Čekal and administration units SO ORP. The thesis also shows the geographical characteristics of South Bohemia and its historical development of the population and migration. The main part of the Diploma thesis is the analysis of the migration in the region with the help of migration indicators. South Bohemia is a profit region in 1991-2015, the arrival of the new inhabitants is seen mainly in the area of České Budějovice and the regions around bigger county cities. The thesis is also focused on the counterurbanisation flows in the chosen migration area Český Krumlov where the bigger migration activity from the bigger cities did not prove itself. The results are presented with the help of cartographical, graphical and table charts that enable better interpretation of the research.

This thesis examines the lived experience of economic migration of young and degree level educated migrants from Poland to Britain. The main aim is to explore how the participants of economic migration within the borders of the European Union experience migrating. The special feature of this migration is the fact that they leave a postcommunist country and come to a country with a well established capitalist economy and long-standing democracy. The particular questions are: how these migrants construct their experience of migrating, are they faced with any problems while doing it, and if so - how do they resolve them? The data comes from twenty-two semi-structured interviews with migrants educated to degree level who were residents and worked in one of the regions of England at a professional level or below their qualifications (manual or simple clerical work). The research utilises the critical discourse analysis perspective; the data is approached with analysis focused on linguistic choices (lexical and grammatical) evident in the respondents’ statements. This kind of analysis enables observation and in-depth interpretation of the way experiences of migrating are constructed. The migrants’ narratives were full of discursive struggle while constructing their experience of migrating. Firstly, the interviewees made an effort to present their migration as rational. Secondly, they were trying to rationalise their financial needs to refute accusations of greed for money. Thirdly, the underemployed migrants justified their employment choices by distancing themselves from work below that which they were qualified for. Fourthly, the interviewees were making an attempt to withdraw from a multicultural community by constructing the negative Other. Exploring lived experience of living and working abroad reveals competitive discourses and ways of coping with ambivalence. Understanding these discursive practices requires knowledge of their beliefs and values that underpin the discourses available in the Polish postcommunist society. Overall, the narratives overflowed with dilemmas that showed this migration as more complicated on an individual level than the official discourse of free movement of people in the EU suggests. This thesis captures the migrants’ lived experience within one year after the EU enlargement; it reflects on the narratives being shaped when migrants were given the opportunity to introduce the new discourses on migration or re-think the old ones as a result of new macro-processes in the European Union. This research complements other studies exploring migrants’ voices in search of insight into what their experiences were and how they made sense out of them. However, with the methodology used, it focuses more on uncovering the struggle over arguments available to build their stories. It offers explanation to their discursive practices by analysing them against the discourses as being products of postcommunism. The study’s results may shed more light on recent processes within this group of migrants and also inform institutional policy and practice about problems affecting members of this group, reported in this thesis.

Puerto Rico, an island in the Caribbean and an unincorporated territory belonging to the United States (US), is facing an uncertain future as its population rapidly declines through emigration. The American public has only begun to pay attention to this problem in recent years as more and more Puerto Ricans relocate to the US mainland. This study therefore aims to understand the migration decision-making process of Puerto Ricans by exploring the underlying causes and motivations. In conducting qualitative research, the findings center on interviews conducted with seven Puerto Ricans who relocated from Puerto Rico to the US mainland between 1985 and 2018. Their reflections on their migration decision-making experiences demonstrate that the process is complicated, multi-focal, and multidimensional. Focusing specifically on the concepts of citizenship, migration as an adaptive strategy, and migration decision-making, the findings indicate that Puerto Ricans are US citizens in name only. They are more predisposed than other US citizens to relocate when faced with environmental and economic stress, yet not all Puerto Ricans have the desire, nor the ability to relocate. Despite the finite scope of this research, the findings nonetheless provide valuable insight into the ongoing trends of Puerto Rican migration

Spain has an intricate relationship with their previous colonies. Relationships built up through centuries of intermingling have resulted in favourable integration trajectories for migrants from previous colonies in comparison with migrants from other countries. First through explicit favourable legislation, however this changed when Spain entered the European Union, meaning that the legislation had to be in line with the idea of controlled migration followed by the European Union. However, through the culturization, laborization and the criminalization of migration, it could be argued that migrants from previous colonies are still more favoured in comparison with migrants from different regions, exemplified by riots fueled by racism against labour migrants from North Africa in El Ejido in 2000. Besides the relationship with their previous colonies, Spain also has a long history with Northern Africa in which Maurophobia has played a significant role. This comparative case study compares the integration trajectory of two different migrant groups from both Latin America and Africa within Spain, more specifically into the local context of La Coruña. Even though Spain, and in the broader perspective the EU, are the authorities which create the legislation regarding migration and integration, the local authorities are the ones responsible for the implementation of these legislations. This study aims to demonstrate the importance of the analysis of integration in the local context as these could vastly differ from place to place, even within the borders of a nation-state. This case study compares the integration trajectory of Senegalese and Peruvian migrants within the context of La Coruña regarding access to the welfare state and the labour market.

La Libye est une zone clé sur les chemins de la migration entre Afrique et Europe. Si les Libyens ne constituent pas un peuple de migrants, leur territoire, lui, est un lieu de transit fondamental pour les migrations, notamment clandestines, des Africains de toutes origines vers l’Europe, surtout depuis que le Détroit de Gibraltar est étroitement contrôlé. Cette thèse s’interroge sur le phénomène de la migration illégale dans cet espace. Elle tente d’appréhender ce phénomène en relation avec la situation internationale de la Libye, et donc l’évolution sur une période qui couvre l’avant-embargo, l’embargo, et l’après embargo. L’immigration clandestine est un processus complexe qui a des origines aussi nombreuses que diverses, et dont les conséquences se font sentir aussi bien sur les migrants que sur les pays d’origine, de destination et de transit. Ainsi la Libye, pays de transit, considère t-elle désormais tous les enjeux diplomatiques qui se jouent à travers le passage des migrants africains sur son sol. Ses positions sur la scène internationale depuis la création de la Jamahiriya influencent ce facteur stratégique, tout comme elles sont influencées par lui. Au carrefour de la construction euro-méditerranéenne, la Libye sait user de sa situation de zone tampon, notamment dans ses relations avec l’Italie, qui elle-même fait le pont entre l’Union européenne et la Jamahiriya. C’est ainsi que la Libye négocie son implication dans les traités internationaux du type de l’Union pour la Méditerranée. Mais ses décisions politiques dépendent également des politiques de migration européennes, notamment du processus d’externalisation de la question migratoire. En raison de sa situation si spécifique, c’est à ce pays ouvert sur la Méditerranée de peser sur la mise en œuvre de politiques qui dépassent le simple aspect sécuritaire, qui permettent que tous les acteurs de ces vastes mouvements sortent gagnants de ces fluctuations qui sont désormais inéluctables. / Libya is a key area of migration between Africa and Europe. If the Libyans are not considered as migrant population, their territory, it is a fundamental transit point particularly for illegal migrants. The Africans from all origins take this way to Europe because of the enforced control of the Strait of Gibraltar. This thesis examines the phenomenon of illegal migration in this region. It reviews this phenomenon in relation to the international situation of Libya and it’s evolution over the pre-embargo, the embargo and post-embargo period. Illegal immigration is a very complex process that has numerous and various causes. It has many consequences on the migrants, both in countries of origin, transit and destination. This situation raises an important question. Thus is Libya, a transit country in the area, taking into consideration all diplomatic issues that rise from the passing of African migrants on its territory? The political positions of Libya on the international scene have a mutual strategic influence since the creation of the Libyan Jamahiriya. At the crossroads of Euro-Mediterranean point, Libya takes advantage of its position as a buffer; especially in its relations with Italy, which itself is the bridge between the European Union and Libya. This is how Libya negotiates its involvement in international treats such as the Union for the Mediterranean. But the political decisions of Libya depend also on European migration policies, particularly the process of outsourcing of migration issue. Because of its specific location, this country bordered by the Mediterranean must have a direct impact on the policies that go beyond this security aspect. These policies must allow all actors of these vast movements to overcome these fluctuations that are now inevitable.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre d’une part, le parcours migratoire de femmes d’Afrique subsaharienne vers l’Europe et, d’autre part, leur entrée dans la prostitution, c’est-à-dire les raisons et les facteurs qui les poussent à prendre la décision d’exercer la prostitution. Dans ce travail, j’ai mené une étude empirique avec une méthodologie qualitative basée sur la rencontre, l’échange et la coproduction de savoirs. Des récits de vie ont été réalisés avec des femmes venant principalement de l’Afrique subsaharienne, exerçant ou ayant exercé dans le milieu de la prostitution durant leur parcours migratoire en Allemagne ou en France. Dans l'ensemble, il s'agit d'analyser les tendances qui émergent à partir de cette enquête. / The objective of this thesis is to understand, on the one hand, the migratory trajectory of women from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe and, on the other hand, their entry into prostitution, that is to say, the reasons and factors that were responsible for them making the decision go into prostitution. For this study, I carried out an empirical project using a qualitative methodology based on the encounter, exchange and co-production of knowledge. Individual life stories were shared by women mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, working or having worked in the field of prostitution during their migratory journeys to Germany or to France. Overall, the goal is to analyze the trends that emerge from this study.

Notre thèse s’intéresse particulièrement aux répercussions des modes d’inscription économiques des entrepreneurs chinois sur la recomposition des équilibres internes du marché du travail invisible à Dakar, incarné par des acteurs économiques accumulant les écarts aux normes majoritaires dans un environnement urbain marqué par la lutte des différents acteurs en présence pour l’appropriation des territoires et des ressources offertes par la ville. Notre ambition est de rendre compte des régimes de concurrence, de coopération, des luttes pour l’espace et les ressources offertes par la ville, des logiques de distanciation entre acteurs évoluant sur des segments concurrents. Dans cette perspective, nous avons opté pour une approche multi-site impliquant divers acteurs de la compétition urbaine : commerçants de rue sénégalais, cordonniers, pour apprécier les différentes postures d’acteurs de l’économie invisible face à la recomposition de l’équilibre interne de leurs segments d’activités. L’accent mis sur la reconfiguration du marché du travail invisible induit par cette coprésence dans cette recherche de type ethnographique interroge les rapports de domination, de résistance, mais aussi d’adaptation qui rythment le jeu des acteurs dans l’espace urbain où se construisent de nouveaux dispositifs commerciaux entre tensions et compromis. / Our thesis is particularly interested in the impact of economic modes inscriptions of Chinese entrepreneurs on the of internal balances recomposition of the invisible job market, incarnated by economic actors accumulating the differences to the majority standards in an urban environment characterized by the struggle of the different actors involved in the appropriation of land and resources offered by the city.Our goal is to realize competition regimes, cooperation, fights for space and resources offered by the city, distancing logic between actors working on competing segments. In this perspective, we opted for a multi-site approach involving various urban competition actors: Senegalese street traders, shoemakers, to appreciate the different postures of the actor’s invisible economy facing to the recomposition of the internal balance of their business segments.The emphasis on the reconfiguration of the invisible job market induced by the co-presence in this type of ethnographical research examines the domination reports, resistors, but also adaptations that punctuate the actors in the urban area where is building new trade arrangements between tension and compromise.

The distribution of the population has multiple implications on regional development and planning. In-migration is frequently seen as the only possible solution in order to rejuvenate the population and stimulate regional development in sparsely populated regions. A population increase results in greater tax revenues, meaning that local authorities can plan for their inhabitants and expenditures in a more sufficient way. In addition, certain professionals are needed in order to support essential local services such as schools and hospitals. Place marketing with the intention of attracting in-movers has become increasingly popular, especially for rural, sparsely populated Swedish municipalities. Still, the outcome from place marketing efforts are dubious and in addition, migration has a temporal aspect and individual migration propensity usually fluctuates over time. This begs the question – how long do in-movers stay? Is there potential for long lasting development in sparsely populated regions connected to in-movers or is it temporary? This study focuses on the duration of time until an in-mover re-migrates from Region 8 in northern Sweden and which socioeconomic and demographic factors that influences the out- migration. This is studied by applying an event history method with discrete-time logistic regressions. The study follows individuals in working age that moved to any of nine specified municipalities in Västerbotten and Norrbotten County, sometime between 2000 and 2011. Questions posed for the study is: i) On average, how long did people who moved to Region 8 between the years 2000-2011 stay in the region? ii) What are the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the out-migration from the region? iii) Do the influencing factors differ between women and men? The results show that the time perspective matters as the risk of moving out was highest in the initial years and that it declines with time. 30 % of the sampled in-movers had moved out again within the time of observation, and on average the in-movers stayed for nine years. The regression results indicated that the factors that had the greatest influence on the out- migration was unemployment, being between 20-26 years old, high education, having and unemployed partner, and having children below school age. Women had a slightly lower likelihood of moving out compared to men, and the most prominent influential factor to outmigration that varied between women and men was unemployment.

No description available.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 L827 / Master of Arts