This paper explores the employment integration of Syrian refugees in the Swedish labor market, focusing on Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. As the largest migrant group in Sweden, Syrians face significant challenges in labor market integration. Understanding the key factors influencing their employment is crucial. By utilizing existing quantitative survey data collected from Syrian refugees in these cities, the study seeks to understand what key factors influence their employment levels. The study’s findings demonstrate that education and language proficiency often correlate with higher employment levels. Regional context also plays a role, with geographic location affecting employment prospects. Moreover, subjective discriminatory experiences are shown to negatively impact employment outcomes, highlighting the need for inclusive practices. Gender disparities are evident, with males consistently demonstrating higher employment levels than females, posing questions on gender roles. This research highlights avenues for improving the employment integration of Syrian refugees.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Seismic waves are used to study the Earth, exploit its hydrocarbon resources, and understand its hazards. Extracting information from seismic waves about the Earth’s subsurface, however, is becoming more challenging as our questions become more complex and our demands for higher resolution increase. This dissertation introduces two new methods that use scattered waves for improving the resolution of subsurface images: natural migration of passive seismic data and convergent full-waveform inversion. In the first part of this dissertation, I describe a method where the recorded seismic data are used to image subsurface heterogeneities like fault planes. This method, denoted as natural migration of backscattered surface waves, provides higher resolution images for near-surface faults that is complementary to surface-wave tomography images. Our proposed method differ from contemporary methods in that it does not (1) require a velocity model of the earth, (2) assumes weak scattering, or (3) have a high computational cost. This method is applied to ambient noise recorded by the US-Array to map regional faults across the American continent. Natural migration can be formulated as a least-squares inversion to furtherer enhance the resolution and the quality of the fault images. This inversion is applied to ambient noise recorded in Long Beach, California to reveal a matrix of shallow subsurface faults. The second part of this dissertation describes a convergent full waveform inversion method for controlled source data. A controlled source excites waves that scatter from subsurface reflectors. The scattered waves are recorded by a large array of geophones. These recorded waves can be inverted for a high-resolution image of the subsurface by FWI, which is typically convergent for transmitted arrivals but often does not converge for deep reflected events. I propose a preconditioning approach that extends the ability of FWI to image deep parts of the velocity model, which significantly improves the chances for finding hydrocarbon deposits.

This essay analyzes the content and intermediation in two Swedish museums’ exhibitions about The Great Migration by using the didactic questions what, how and why. Using observations and interviews as methods, the results are compared afterwards to the Upper Secondary school’s national curriculum and to the concepts of learning and knowledge, by applying the theories of Arfwedsons and Hein. These theories help the reader to understand to what level the exhibitions give the visitors possibilities to produce their own learning and knowledge or if the exhibitions have a claim to present the truth and want the information to be reproduced by the visitors. In simplified terms, the study investigates how justified a school visit is to one of the exhibitions for the various history courses. The conclusions show that the exhibitions differ among themselves, which will make school visits relevant in different ways, depending on which exhibition and which history course you have in mind. One of the exhibitions focus on showing The Great Migration from a local history perspective and with connections to today’s refugees while the other exhibition instead makes an effort to show the same migration through several perspectives, on all kinds of levels in society. Based on the results and the connections to the school’s curriculum a conclusion can be made: The more advanced a course is, the more relevant it becomes for schools to visit the exhibitions. Having put the concepts of learning and knowledge into the results, the study shows that both exhibitions have a claim to present the truth and in that way sees the visitors as reproducers of that information. Aside from the fact that only one of the exhibitions intermediate through different kinds of channels, both exhibitions lack in source criticism giving the visitors no chance of questioning the material.

Ungdomar som är placerade inom samhällsvård upplever ofta oron inför tiden de fyller 21 år och kommer att lämna vården. Ofta möter de svårigheter kopplade till övergången från samhällsvården till det självständiga livet beroende på att de inte känner sig tillräckligt förberedda. Ensamkommande flyktingbarn placerade inom HVB-verksameter lämnar också samhällsvården när de fyller 21 vilket medför många risker för dem som grupp. Det kan handla om deras socialanpassning och andra viktiga praktiska färdigheter för att kunna leva som en självständig individ i det svenska samhället. Den här kvalitativ studie handlar om ungdomar som kom till Sverige som ensamkommande flyktingbarn och som kommer i en snar framtid att lämna samhällsvården. Studien riktar sig mot deras upplevelser av hur förberedda de är inför det självständiga livet och vilka faktorer de anser som stödjande, samt hur de ser på framtiden när de kommer att lämna samhällsvården vid 21 års ålder. Resultatet visar att det finns en viss oro inför framtiden beroende på ovissheten inför vad som sker efter att man fyllt 21 och på kunskapsbrister inom vissa viktiga livsområden.

In a very restrictive economic context, the built heritage managers are eager to evaluate their structures in order to know there security state and also assess the need for maintenance. Among the most common structural disorders in old masonry structures, we find the presence of voids within the masonry and especially deep unfilled joint defects. The objective of this research is to use radar technology to increase the accuracy of this technique in recognizing geometric masonry structures and particularly the detection of deep unfilled joint defects. An imaging algorithm inspired from migration methods and based on a multi-receiver acquisition was developed. To implement this method, improvement in the use of radar data, such as determining the emission time, inaccessible to conventional radar system were needed. The development of the algorithm was made from numerical experiments on simulated environments integrating various dimensions of unfilled joint defects. A sensitivity study has also been proposed. The imaging algorithm was finally tested on real masonry structures and the effectiveness in detecting small-sized voids (deep unfilled joint defects, buried pipes) was demonstrated. The determination of wave velocity in the medium combined to the exploitation of phase in the recorded echoes allowed to precisely locate and partially identify the different interfaces of the monitored structure.

There is a dearth of research on migrant entrepreneurship in the context of contemporary UK policy. At the same time, there is evidence of burgeoning transnational socio cultural connectivity. This thesis evaluates the impact of these conditions on migrant entrepreneurship in a rapidly changing policy environment. Migrant entrepreneurship is viewed differently in academia, policy and public perception. This causes significant policy tensions and disjunctions that are manifest a migration policy system which fails to take into account the agency of migrant entrepreneurs. In a break from previous studies, the migrant entrepreneur s negotiations of power and agency that stem from transnational connections in a contemporary UK context will be addressed. It is important to acknowledge structures of migration policy and economic landscape at national, regional and local scales. Three areas of the UK are addressed; London, focusing on Inner London East, Birmingham and the West Midlands and Cambridgeshire.

This thesis examines the process of urbanization in Malawi, with special reference to the new capital city, Lilongwe. At independence Malawi inherited an extremely underdeveloped urban system. It is argued that colonial Nyasaland's involvement in the migrant labour system and its reluctant membership of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland were contributory factors, both of which related to Nyasaland's economically and politically subordinate position in Southern Africa. Analysis of the static and dynamic nature of independent Malawi's urban system shows it to be very simplistic. It is emphasized that the growth of the truly 'urban' population in most of the small centres in the urban hierarchy has been slow, and that institutional hindrances and government perceptions of the urban process may dissipate the impact of policies designed to promote their development. The major aspect of urban policy since 1964 has been the development of Lilongwe, which the government emphasized had two objectives: to create a new capital replacing the colonial creation of Zomba, and to develop a growth centre to promote greater regional equality and act as a counterattraction to the commercial 'capital' of Blantyre. President Banda's key role in the: instigation of this project is empahasized, and it is suggested that the second objective was rhetorically promoted as a justificatory expedient. The results of original research on urban policy implementation and private sector investment in Blantyre and Lilongwe support the contention that government commitment to Lilongwe as a growth centre is weak, and also draws attention to problems inherent in applying such strategies in small, underdeveloped economies such as Malawi's. Lilongwe's economic development has not been in theoretical accordance with that of a growth centre. Nevertheless although it is proposed that a new capital programme per se cannot be used as a surrogate for a regional development policy, major infrastructural developments in Lilongwe have allowed it to provide a degree of economic competition to Blantyre. These are argued to be mainly associated with government commitment to its development as the capital city rather than its weakly developed growth centre role.

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