The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the pins from Bunge church, in order to investigate how what they can tell us about the burials inside the church. During the post medieval and early modern period pins were used to fasten the burial shrouds, and to stabilize the fabric on the inside of the coffin lids. Therefore these pins appear in grave contexts, and thus offer possibilities for interpretation of burials. The pins have been ordered according to the shape of the needlehead. A total of 697 pins have been analysed, amongst which four main pin types have been detected. The next step in the study was a chorological study where the pins positions were analysed in comparison to other finds such as craniums and coffin handles. Comparisons were also made with the placement of wall paintings, furnishings and the natural light intake in the church. The spatiality and dating of the pins have been used for the interpretation of the graves temporal and physical placement.

Coins of the 9th and 10th centuries in archaeological discoveries from the Czech lands and their contribution to the beginning phase of the Czech history. The dissertation is focused on coins of the 9th and 10th centuries found on the territory of the Czech lands. Their archaeological context and detailed numismatic description bring new data, which can help to complete and precise our knowledge of the early medieval phase of the Czech history. Number of coins dating to the period before production of the first issues in the Czech lands (i.e. the coins of the 9th century and the first half of the 10th century) discovered on the mentioned territory increased. Their chronology is the following: the Old- Bohemian phase, the Old-Moravian phase and the Early Přemyslid phase, which is described in the first chapter of the dissertation - Coin finds before the beginning of the coinage in the territory of the Czech lands. The text brings results pointing to different monetary development of Bohemia and Moravia of that period. The new finds indicate a specific role of Bohemia in relationship with the Bavarian centre of the Frankish Empire. This situation culminates in production of the first coins in the Czech lands during the first half of the 960s. The second chapter of the dissertation - Beginning of the coinage...

This thesis aims to analyse six different churches around Gotland and to answer whether they were built by private farms or by the collective effort from near-situated farms. By exploringthis, further conclusions can be made regarding the placement of the churches and the involvement of larger farms. The source material consists of churches from six Gotlandic parishes and farms from every chosen parish and other building of interest, like the medieval defence towers.The thesis timeframe is primarily from the early 12th century to the middle of the 14th. But later periods are also the focus since the placement of churches and farms are all based on maps depicting the parishes during the late 17th and early 18th centuries.Since this is a spatial analysis much of the methods are based on the usage of GIS (Geographich information system), but a big focus is also on analysing the churches themselves and things as inscriptions. As this subject has been discussed by many researchers, the theory is very much based on earlier studies made by people like Anders Andrén, Tryggve Siltberg and Sven-Olof Lindquist.The churches in Bunge, Sundre and Stenkyrka was determined to be private built by possible larger farms and had many similarities with other areas in Scandinavia. Anga, Stånga and Eskelhem was more likely to be a collaborative effort made by all of the parish’sfarms. / Syftet är att analysera sex medeltida kyrkor runt Gotland och svara på frågan om de var privat eller kollektivt byggda av socknens gårdar. Genom att utforska frågan om byggansvariga kan vidare slutsatser dras över deras placering i landskapet samt storgårdars involvering i kyrkobygget Källmaterialet utgörs av sex gotländska kyrkor samt gårdar och andra byggnader av intresse som de medeltida kastalerna. Uppsatsens tidsperiod utgörs främst av perioden från tidigt 1100-tal och fram till mitten av 1300-talet. Men senare perioder har delvis också ett fokus då kyrkorna och gårdarnas placeringar grundar sig i kartor som föreställer socknarna under sent 1700- och tidigt 1800-tal. Då det här mycket är en rumslig analys grundar sig många av metoderna på användandet av GIS (Geografiskt informationssystem). Men ett stort fokus ligger även på att analysera själva kyrkorna och tillhörande delar som väginskrifter. Då det här är ämne som diskuterats av många forskare grundar sig teorin mycket på tidigare forskning gjord av forskare som Anders Andrén, Tryggve Siltberg och Sven-Olof Lindquist. Kyrkorna I Bunge, Sundre och Stenkyrka bedömdes vara privatbyggda, möjligen av storgårda och de delade flera likheter med kyrkobygge i andra områden av Skandinavien. Anga, Stånga och Eskelhem ansågs istället vara kollektivt byggda av samtliga gårdar i socknarna.

The area which today covers the Doric House, the Roman East Bath and the Byzantine East Church at the Karian sanctuary of Zeus at Labraunda in south-western Turkey, was by Swedish archaeologists called the P-building and the R-bath during the early 1950s. The excavations of this area in 1951 and 1953 were documented in three excavation diaries by archaeologist Inge Dahlén, written in Swedish. These diaries have, however, never been published. This thesis therefore focused to analyse Dahlén’s three excavation diaries in terms of three aspects. The first aspect was to understand the archaeological work and documentation methods at Labraunda during the 1951 and 1953 excavations and consequently, determine how the archaeology functioned in practice at the site in the early 1950s. The second aspect was to present in what ways Dahlén’s diaries could contribute to the current and future excavations at the East Bath at Labraunda. The last aspect was to study Dahlén’s own archaeological interpretations which occured in the diaries. In order to present all the three aspects, the analysis and discussion on the diaries were organised into four headings: archaeological work, archaeological finds, stratigraphy and documentation methods. Studying the diaries based on these headings showed that certain improvements occurred in the diaries from 1951 to 1953. Dahlén’s excavation diaries reveal a large amount of archaeological data regarding the progress of the excavations and the numerous discoveries from the excavated areas. They need, therefore, to be taken into consideration for a better understanding of both the early and the new excavations that are being conducted at the same area.

A partir d'un mémoire du master sur l'étude du mobilier issu du sanctuaire de Beire-le-Châtel « Le Pâtis du Letto » ainsi que de nouvelles études comme celle du matériel provenant du fanum de Lux « Le Bois Giraud », l'ambition de cette thèse est d'appréhender la population qui le long de la voie Lyon - Trèves en pays lingon à l'époque romaine et fréquentent ses lieux de culte. Le mobilier retrouvé dans les sanctuaires a été confronté à celui issu des fouilles d’établissements ruraux, permettant de distinguer fréquentation locale et voyageurs de passage. Enfin, l’étude permet de mettre en avant le rôle des agglomérations – chef-lieu de cité et agglomérations secondaires – et des axes de communication dans la genèse des lieux de culte lingons, mais aussi la place tenue par les établissements ruraux de moyen et fort statut dans mise en place du paysage religieux. / From a memory of a master on the study of the material from the sanctuary of Beire-le-Châtel "The Pâtis the Letto" as well as new studies such as material from the fanum Lux "Le Bois Giraud", the objective of this thesis is to understand the people who live along the Roman road Lyon - Trier on the civitates of the Lingoni et go on these places of worship. The material found in these sanctuaries was confronted with one of the rural settlements to distinguish local attendance and passing travelers. Finally, the study allows to emphasize the role of settlements - administrative center of the city and secondary towns - and communication routes in the genesis of Lingones’ places of worship but also the place held by the rural settlements of medium and high status in the implementation of the religious landscape.

This work considers finds of medieval glass in the historic centre of Prague on the basis of archaeological material from the National Herritage Institute excavations. Besides the typology of glass vessels, special attention is paid to the concerning the social level of the society of that time, resp. the study of glass imports that can inform us of the commercial or cultural contacts of the given locality. Especially the enameled glass play an important role in studies of the extraordinary social and economic status. The archaeological evidences of medieval glass has been found in Prague since the end of the 19 th century. The end of the sixtieths brought large finds of medieval glass fragments which most has not been studied as yet. Some of them are included into this work, which is aimed at the region of Old and New Town, whereas the finds of Prague Castle has been left aside. In the study of the popularity of glass tableware, it is possible to observe the process well documented in the majority of Czech towns. In Prague glass ware fragments appeared quite early, already in the 12th century and also in the following century glass presented luxury ware intended for the highest social level. Towards the end of the 13th century the situation began to change. During the first half of the 14th century we...

Durant l’Antiquité, Valence bénéficie du prestigieux statut de colonie romaine, au même titre qu’Arles, Vienne et Lyon. Sa position au confluent du Rhône et de l’Isère et au carrefour de plusieurs itinéraires terrestres - Voie d’Agrippa, Voie des Alpes - lui conférait un rôle stratégique et économique considérable. Cette région, au cœur de la moyenne vallée du Rhône, occupe une position charnière qui lui assure, au moins depuis le Premier Âge du fer, un rôle d’intermédiaire entre le bassin méditerranéen et le monde celtique.Elle bascule dans l’orbite de Rome en même temps que la Gaule méridionale, soit dès la fin du IIe s. av. J.-C. Valence est fondée dans un deuxième temps, vraisemblablement entre 46 – 36 av. J.-C. et acquiert son statut de colonie de droit romain peut-être dès cette date avancée selon P. Faure et N. Tran (2013). La fondation d’une colonie romaine s’accompagne d’une division du sol public, matérialisée par une centuriation afin qu’il soit distribué aux membres du corps civique nouvellement créé comprenant plusieurs milliers de colons. Dans ce contexte historique précis, ces citoyens sont principalement des vétérans de l’armée romaine alors constituée majoritairement d’Italiens. Ce phénomène a donc un impact démographique et culturel considérable pour la vie des populations locales. Le statut juridique avantageux conféré à ces communautés leur assure également des avantages économiques importants stimulant les productions agro-pastorales et artisanales. Les travaux consacrés aux provinces gauloises ont montré que les siècles suivants ne sont pas exempts de mutations économiques et culturelles importantes qui touchent les structures de peuplement et de production. Partant de ce constat, j’ai choisi d’aborder cet impact culturel et économique à travers la culture matérielle (vestiges architecturaux, objets de la vie quotidienne) et l’analyse de l’occupation du sol. Le cadre chronologique et spatial retenu doit permettre d’observer de manière dynamique l’évolution des modes de vie et des activités agro-pastorales et artisanales dans les campagnes de la cité de Valence. L’examen des caractéristiques de plusieurs centaines d’établissements ruraux doit permettre de proposer une lecture diachronique et complexe de l’occupation et l’exploitation de ce territoire, d’aborder les rapports qu’entretient la colonie avec l’espace rural. L’approche chronologique et fonctionnelle des bâtiments et des objets de la vie quotidienne permet d’apprécier plus finement l’évolution dans le temps des techniques, des modes de vie, mais aussi de relever la diversité des situations locales à une même période. / During the Antiquity, Valence is known as a roman colony like Lyon, Arles or Vienna, settled in the middle Rhône valley at the confluent of the Rhône and the Isère, and also at the crossroads of alpine route and the Via Agrippa. This strategic position confers to the colony an important role in the economy of the roman Gaul. Since the early Iron Age, this area is a link between the mediterranean and the celtic worlds.Even if the region is conquered by Rome since the end of the II c. B.-C., the colony is founded later, perhaps between 46 and 36 B.-C. and maybe already own his prestigious status of colonia of roman rights according to P. Faure and N. Tran hypothesis (2013). As a consequence of the foundation, the public soil is divided, centuriated, and distributed to thousands of new citizens.In this specific historical context, the citizens are chosen among the veterans of the roman army, who were Italians at this time. This decision should have huge demographic and cultural consequences on local communities. The legal status of the citizens gives them considerable economics advantages that stimulate the local economy. The studies devoted to the gallic provinces have shown that the following centuries see numerous changes affecting settlements and economic structures.Considering this historical context, I have chosen to evaluate the cultural and economic impact of this foundation by studying settlement patterns and material culture (architectural remains, objects of the daily life) between the II c. B.-C. to the VIth c. B.-C.The study of few hundreds of settlements allows us to introduce a complex and diachronic view of the settlements, their economic roles and relations with the colony.The chronological and functional study of the buildings and daily life objects allow us to assess finely the evolution through time about craftsmen’s techniques, lifestyle and highlight regional differences during a same period.