Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 404-435). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

The Nigerian Drinking Water Supply and Distribution Sector

Strikes are one form of Inaustrial-conflict - furthermore they are distinctive in that they are the ultimate and dramatic action; viz, they bring about a stoppage of work. It is evident that .strikes in Nigeria have been transformed from a purely factory level issue to one of national concern and involvement. Various theories and propositions are advanced to explain how strike activity takes an increasing or decreasing pattern. The major ones (considered in ~his study) being the measures of strike activity choosen, economic and institutional variables and state intervention. The basic measures of strike activity are interdependent but explain differen aspects of the strike. For instance the "Number of Strikes" measure shows the volatility of conflicts, the "Number of Workers Involved" and "Number of Days Lost" measures shows the extent of militancy and the degree of stubbornness of the parties involved respectively. So, for a comprehensive study of the phenomenon all the measures may have to be used. The major economic variables that feature in most studies of strikes include, the business cycle as depicted by boom and recession; unemployment; level of wages and cost of living. In case of a boom, strikes are expected to be frequent but short, and usually concern economic issues especially increases in wages (because of the buoyant economic conditions). By contrast, in recession (usually accompanied by unemployment) strikes will be less frequent, long and on non- economic issues, e.g job protection. There is the notion also that inflation and high costs of living increase the level of strikes. The Nigerian experience however is contrary to these expectations. The institutional elements related to strikes in Nigeria which are considered here are Trade Unions and the Collective Bargaining machinery. Organised unionism is found not to be a pre-requisite for strike actions, and overall size did not influence the occurence of industrial action. However the re-structuring of trade unions did increase the capacity of unions in the conduct of strikes. The institution of collective bargaining has been established to a recogniseable extent in Nigeria, but it did not eliminate strikes although it has minimised their occurence. It is also evident that state intervention in Labour-Management relations is extremely high, the extent is such that third party dis~ute resolution machinary is·~ introduced making strlkes illegal, but that cannot ,and does not bring industrial harmony. On the whole thes~ influential variables are inconsistent in their relationship with strike activit¥; they are themselves influenced by local environmental condltions. However the most importan~si~gle factor that shaped strikes in Nigeria is the effect of the various wage commissions •

No description available.

No description available.

<p>The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics associated with ART adherence to , in Albert Horsfall Medicacal Center (AHMC), Abuja, Nigeria. The Objectives are to measure the adherence to ART, assess the association of the demographic characteristic of patients on ART with adherence to medications in the facility / and to establish patients' perspectivesto adherence and impediments to compliance to ART in the center.</p>

This study investigates women's economic empowerment in relation to micro'credit schemes in southern Nigeria. The study also evaluates the benefits and limitations of micro'credit as a resourceful means of enhancing women's economic activities in the labour market and eliminating poverty among market and rural women. Micro'credit schemes and institutions which provide soft loans to women have become a critical tool in development programmes aiming to empower them. The Nigerian government (both at Federal and State levels) has pursued this development trend since 1985 and today, it is estimated that an increasing number of Nigerian women participate in these schemes. Besides, it is widely accepted among development practitioners that micro'credit schemes not only contribute to poverty reduction but also empower the have'nots. My research design has drawn on gender analytical frameworks such as the 1980 Harvard Analytical Framework, Kabeer's 1998 Women's Empowerment Assessment, and Mayoux' 2001 micro'credit empowerment paradigm. This study employed as its methodology, ethnographic field research. This includes semi'structured interviews and participant observation. In addition, data was obtained from state databases, archives and development websites. Throughout, both qualitative and quantitative methods and analysis were used. This study found that women in southern Nigeria are extensively engaged in economic activities. It also established that micro'credit provides finance to enhance market and rural women's participation in production and trade. The study further ascertains that women have some control over their loans. However, increased economic activities may have also increased participants' financial responsibilities and household decision'making is still a prerogative of male head of the family. In addition, this study found that older married women in this region enjoy a comparatively high degree of personal mobility, but restrictions on travel in terms of distance and time are very common for younger married women. These restrictions are sanctioned by customs, household obligations, and social infrastructures. While problems with the transportation network have enhanced the middlemen's domination of economic activities in this region they increased women's dependence on their services. All this renders empowerment for women more difficult to achieve although it makes a practical contribution to their everyday lives.

No abstract available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Beginning with the assumption that the church is a liberative space where everyone, single women in particular, can experience wholeness, this thesis investigates the extent to which the Church of Christ in Nigeria (COCIN) executes pastoral ministry to single women. The hypothesis of the study is that the concept of women in the COCIN, the COCIN’s pastoral training and its inability to appropriate the shepherding and facilitatory model of Jesus, have not enabled an effective pastoral ministry to single women. This thesis therefore proceeds to assess the COCIN’s theology of marriage and singleness, the role of women in the COCIN, marriage and family life in Jos today, the theological education and pastors’ training of the church and the execution of pastoral ministry to single women. This is to ascertain how these have impacted on the way the COCIN offers pastoral care to single women. This work is a combination of insights from social analyses, feminist cultural hermeneutics and feminist pastoral care and communal contextual pastoral care frameworks. While establishing that culture has had a strong influence on the pastoral ministry practice of the COCIN, methods were identified from the ideas generated by participants as well as relevant literature on the subject, that could be used for the execution of pastoral ministry to single women in the COCIN Regional Church Council, Gigiring, Jos. The data for the study was collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation. Participants were categorised into church leaders, clergy, seminary lecturers, magistrates, adult children from divorced marriages and single,never married women and men and divorced women. The findings of the study indicate that with respect to ministry to single women, pastoral ministry in the COCIN has not been liberative, empowering and transformative. Most of the participants indicate that the lack of an effective pastoral ministry to single women is a result of inadequate preparation for dealing with gender complexities in the pastoral training of the church. Although the study has significant implications for the overall pastoral ministry of the church,the findings of this study highlight the necessity of a gender-inclusive pastoral ministry in the COCIN for single women and for the entire church. The study underscores the need for the COCIN to utilise the communal care practice characteristic of African culture for effective pastoral ministry to the different categories of people, particularly the single,never married and divorced women in its congregations. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2014.

The thesis focuses attention on the unbalanced demand and supply of activity spaces in urban market places, resulting in the congestion of people and vehicles in selected Nigerian market places. A review of existing approaches to retail analyses shows that none offer a sufficient explanation of this phenomenon in a manner that can be useful for planning purposes. This is because, (i) None of these approaches contains explicit inclusion of time in its structure, and (ii) They are designed to predict what is likely to happen as a result of some assumptions, and not the possible range of performance in relation to defined locational and structural potential of the urban market places. A new approach to retail study, which includes the above two factors, is then proposed on these assumptions: (1) That there is strong hierarchical relationship between any pair of demand and supply of activity spaces, (a) for food shopping; (b) for non-food shopping, in an urban market place; (2) That there is strong multiple causal relationship between the growth rate of any demand or supply of activity space, and the locational and structural potential in the urban market place. Case study materials from Kaduna city market places are used to calibrate the equations arising from the propositions 1 (a & b), and 2. The relationships were found to be strong. Examination of the calibrated hierarchical and causal relationships revealed unbalanced distribution, and disproportionate growth rates, of the demand and supply of activity spaces in Kaduna city market places. Four alternative planning strategies were generated. The performance of each over and above the trend strategy, in achieving balanced demand and supply of activity spaces, and in optimising the locational and structural potential in the market places, was evaluated with equations 2 and 1(a & b). The strategy that achieved the best performance, together with the plan management requirements, was recommended as the adopted plan for the market places in the city.