Call number: LD2668 .T4 1952 O7 / Master of Science

LD2668 .T4 1954 R65 / Master of Science

LD2668 .T4 1965 W753 / Master of Science

The following thesis offers a philosophical critique of sociobiology, which is identified as a recent attempt to produce a general theory of animal behaviour, encompassing an account of human nature. The first chapter examines the empirical and theoretical foundations of sociobiology, highlighting some of the philosophical topics regarding the relation of the natural and social sciences, and the attempt to offer an account of human nature within a largely mathematical and mechanistic theoretical framework. Chapter two looks at the major specific areas of human behaviour featured in sociobiological accounts. A close examination of empirical evidence, underlying theoretical assumptions, behavioural categories and definitions, and finally deduced conclusions reveals several weaknesses and examples of fallacious reasoning. The third chapter continues to examine the account of human nature in relation to the broadest and most abstract features of social structures and interactions. The political dimension of sociobiology is examined - both in terms of its account of political behaviour, and in the theoretical opposition between sociobiology and left wing ideologies. The sociobiological account of religious behaviour is rejected in favour of one couched in terms of social rather than genetically heritable dispositions. Chapter four evaluates the attempt to respond to early criticisms of sociobiology. It is argued that the main theoretical stance regarding human behaviour remains little changed, and that the new theoretical models create even more conceptual problems, thus failing to provide a framework for an account of human nature. The final chapter applies some ideas from evolutionary theory to specific areas of philosophical controversy: the relation of mind to language; the ascription of mental life to other species; functionalist and epiphenomenaiist accounts of consciousness. It is argued that empirical and theoretical considerations from the natural sciences may thus inform traditional areas of philosophical debate, creating useful interdisciplinary dialogues.

The present study was designed to provide data bearing on the question of the relationship between verbal and nonverbal behavior. And, in particular, to see if it is possible to control human nonverbal behavior through the manipulation of verbal behavior.

No description available.

Betrayal trauma theory (see Freyd, 1996) posits betrayal events often require "betrayal blindness" in order to limit awareness or memory of information regarding the betrayal. This occurs in order to maintain a connection that is necessary for survival. BTT may be applied to events that generally would not be considered traumatic, such as adultery or discrimination. In order to maintain connections within relationships, institutions, and social systems upon which there is a dependency, people (acting as victims, perpetrators, and witnesses) may show betrayal blindness. This dissertation consists of two studies investigating betrayal blindness and betrayal trauma history as they relate to charitable behavior. Study 1 included 467 college students at the University of Oregon who completed self-report measures of trauma history and a behavioral measure requesting a hypothetical donation. Contributions were requested for three scenarios that varied in level of betrayal: natural disaster, external genocide, and internal genocide. Results indicated no significant main effects for trauma history or type of event. However, people were less willing to donate to the group of recipients and the genocide conditions at low levels of emotional arousal. Additionally, those who have experienced high betrayal traumas also were less likely to donate at low emotional response values. Given the lack of significant findings in this experiment, a second study was conducted using a repeated measures design. Study 2 involved 634 undergraduate students at the University of Oregon. In addition to the measures from Study 1, participants also completed additional self-report measures assessing trait measures of prosocial tendencies, social desirability, personality, emotion regulation, and betrayal awareness. There were no main effects on charitable behavior for personality traits, prosociality, emotion regulation, social desirability, or betrayal awareness. Significant order effects were observed when comparing the type of event and betrayal level of event. A between-subjects approach revealed people donated less money to the higher betrayal versions of both types of scenarios. Across both studies, increased affect, particularly guilt, was associated with more charitable behavior. Although there are several limitations of these studies, the findings represent an important first step exploring prosocial behavior within a betrayal trauma framework.

Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce has been rapidly changing the competitive landscape of the retailing and service industries. Despite its claimed benefits, this innovative mode of retailing has not yet been accepted by every buyer and seller. An interesting question is why some consumers accept the idea of online shopping more readily than others. At the organizational level, a similar question is why some sellers have stronger intention to develop (B2C) e-commerce than others. This attitudinal and behavioral difference among individuals and organizations in the face of innovation has been widely studied in various disciplines such as innovation adoption, technology acceptance, marketing, and strategic management. The current research consists of two separate yet intellectually correlated empirical studies. Study 1 investigated how potential online consumers' individual characteristics affected their attitude and intention toward online shopping in a sample of 474 students. It was found that cognitive and psychological characteristics more than demographic characteristics were associated with a consumer's online shopping attitude and purchasing intention. Study 2 proposed and tested a multi-level theoretical model about the factors influencing a firm's intention to develop e-commerce. Travel agencies in Taiwan were selected as research subjects. Interviews were conducted with one government official of the Tourism Bureau and ten travel agency CEOs. Survey data were collected from a sample of 137 travel agencies. Positive and statistically significant relationships were found between perceived competitive pressure, market-driving orientation, IT resource base and e-commerce intention. By contrast, customer-led orientation was negatively associated with e-commerce intention. Implications of these findings for academic research and e-commerce practices are also discussed. / Wang, Shu-chuan. / Adviser: Waiman Cheung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-09, Section: A, page: 3111. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-195). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Ma, Chao. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix 1 & 2 in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Initial Research Objectives and Questions --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Study --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definition of Key Terms in the Study --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Social capital --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- "Trustworthiness, social networks and social norms" --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Mutual help --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Seeking help --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Giving help --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Theoretical Base of Mutual Help: Social Capital......: --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Networks or relationships --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Trustworthiness and social norms --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Mutual Help --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Mutual help groups or self-help groups --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Mutual help in the context of Shanghai --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Seeking help --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Giving help --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Refining Research Objectives --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Methodology --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Framework --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Propositions of the survey study --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Operationalization framework --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Implementation of Survey Study --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Overview of the survey design --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Measurement: questionnaire --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Sampling --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- The population of the survey --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Sample size --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Data collection --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Data analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Items and four indices --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Statistics methods for data analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Quality of survey --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.6.1 --- Pilot study --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.6.2 --- Reliability --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4 --- Implementation of Individual Interview Study --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- Encountered Problems and Solutions --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Data Analysis of Survey Study --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Helping and Help-seeking Indices of Shanghai People --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Helping index --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Help-seeking index --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Mutual aid tendency --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Trustworthiness --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Index of trust when helping --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Index of trust when seeking helping --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- Correlations between Helping and Help Seeking Indices and Trust Indices --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4 --- Social Norms and Helping and Help-seeking Behaviors --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- "Importance of social expectations, self-accomplishment and reciprocity when helping" --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Importance of face losing and reciprocity when seeking help --- p.70 / Chapter 4.5 --- Demographic-social-economic Statuses --- p.71 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- "Non-significance: Gender, Income and Religion (not/Catholic and Christian, Western/Eastern)" --- p.72 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- "Significance on help seeking behavior and trustworthiness during help seeking: Education, marital status, job (student/no/yes), age, work unit, religion (no/yes), occupation (employed and unemployed)" --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5.2.1 --- Education --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5.2.2 --- Marital status --- p.79 / Chapter 4.5.2.3 --- Job (student/no/yes) --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5.2.4 --- Age --- p.82 / Chapter 4.5.2.5 --- Work unit --- p.85 / Chapter 4.5.2.6 --- Religion (no/yes) --- p.87 / Chapter 4.5.2.7 --- Occupation (employed and unemployed) --- p.89 / Chapter 4.6 --- Agreement of Idioms and Mutual Help Society of Shanghai Citizens --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Agreement of idioms of helping of Shanghai citizens --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Agreement of Shanghai citizens on mutual help society --- p.91 / Chapter 4.7 --- Opinions of Citizens --- p.92 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Opinions of Shanghai citizens on government and individual responsibility --- p.92 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Opinions of Shanghai citizens on who bears responsibility to enhance mutual help --- p.92 / Chapter 4.8 --- Summary --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Individual Interviews Data Analysis Synthesized with Survey Analysis --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1 --- Brief Introduction of 6 Cases: Purposive Sampling --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- "Individual interviews through phone: Case A, B" --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- "Individual Interviews face-to-face: Case C, D, E, F" --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2 --- "Helping Experiences, Trust and Influencing Social Factors" --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Helping experiences --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Helping vulnerable people --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Helping good friends --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- Helping family members --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Trust --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Social factors influencing helping behaviors --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Summary --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Help Seeking Experiences, Trustworthiness and Influencing Factors" --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Help seeking experiences --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.1.1 --- Family members --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3.1.2 --- Good friends --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Trust --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Influencing social factors --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Summary --- p.118 / Chapter 5.4 --- Mutuality --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Mutuality in helping and help- seeking behaviors --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Reciprocity --- p.120 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Summary --- p.122 / Chapter 5.5 --- Improving Mutual Help Culture and determining Responsibility for Building Mutual Help and Mutual Trust Society --- p.123 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Government --- p.123 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Communities --- p.125 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Schools --- p.126 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Social Workers --- p.127 / Chapter 5.5.5 --- Mass media --- p.128 / Chapter 5.5.6 --- Individuals --- p.128 / Chapter 5.5.7 --- Summary --- p.129 / Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.130 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- "Conclusions, Discussions, Implications" --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Helping and seeking help behaviors --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Trustworthiness and social norms --- p.133 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Strategies: whose responsibility to build mutual help society --- p.134 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Respondents' background --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussions --- p.135 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Helping Behaviors --- p.135 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Helping Seeking Behaviors --- p.136 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Whose responsibility and How to improve --- p.138 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implications --- p.149 / Chapter 6.3. 1 --- Implementation for social policy --- p.150 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Implementation for social work development and practice --- p.153 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- "Implementations for social work education by school, family and mass media" --- p.154 / Reference --- p.156 / Appendix --- p.170

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