Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2005. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-147).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Western Ontario, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-145).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-236) and indexes.

Orientador: Daniel Martínez-Ávila / Banca: Maria Claúdia Cabrini Gracio / Antonio Eleazar Serrano López / Resumo: Considerando a crescente importância da imagem como elemento de informação, o que pressupõe o desenvolvimento de abordagens cada vez mais acuradas de organização e de representação, no presente trabalho busca-se identificar as formas pelas quais a organização e representação da informação imagética tem sido discutida no âmbito da International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) com o objetivo de verificar quais são os referenciais e as tendências teóricas da análise e da representação da imagem no universo da organização do conhecimento em nível internacional. Para tanto, será analisada a literatura científica oficial da ISKO por meio dos anais dos congressos internacionais e da revista Knowledge Organization, entre os anos de 1990 a 2015. Nesse sentido, serão selecionados os artigos que apresentem o(s) termo(s) image*, picture*, photo*, film*, movie* no título e/ou no resumo, a partir do que se procederá à análise de domínio, a partir das abordagens bibliométrica e epistemológica propostas por Hjørland (2002). / Abstract: Considering the increasing importance of image as an element of information, which presuposes the development of increasingly accurate approaches to organization and representation, the present work aims to identify the ways in which the organization and representation of imagery information has been discussed in the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) with the objective of verifying the theoretical references and trends of image analysis and representation in the universe of knowledge organization at the international level. In order to achieve this, the official scientific literature of the ISKO is analyzed including the proceedings of the international conferences and the Knowledge Organization journal, from 1990 to 2015. In this sense, I analyzed the articles that present the term (s) image *, picture *, photo *, film *, movie * in the title and/or abstract using domain analysis in the bibliometric and epistemological approaches proposed by Hjørland (2002). / Mestre

Yes / We consider the readability of payday loan websites against conventional lenders. Our findings show that credit card websites are harder to read and contain more complex terminology. Our central contribution is to provide the first known measurement of readability in consumer finance — something regulators have found helpful in other domains.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This is a correspondence on "Science in India" which was written by R. P. Gupta in the same issue of Current Science. In responding to Gupta's idea to "use citations per paper in addition to the number of papers published by a country," Arunachalam argues that the citations to all papers from these countries are more important. Compares the rates of total papers, total citations, as well as "citations per paper", trying to showing which index is more meaningful for conveying research significance.

This article talks about issues related to both the quality and the quantity of science and science journals in India. It argues that different citation analyses will result in varied conclusions. It also compares such indices between India and China.

This report identifies and analyzes the science and technology core competencies of China. The first part of the study was performed in the 2003-2004 time frame, and analyzes databases containing 2000-2003 data for China. The second part of the report was sponsored in part by ONR Global, and contains an analysis of 2005 data from China. For the first part of the study, aggregate China publication and citation bibliometrics were obtained, and manual and statistical taxonomies were generated. The manual taxonomy was based on reading a random sample of ten percent of all China records retrieved, and included many manually-assigned attributes for each record. The statistical taxonomies were based on both word/ phrase clustering and document clustering. For the second part of the study, one hierarchical research taxonomy, based on document clustering, was generated. The second hierarchical level of this research taxonomy for 2005 records contains four categories: 1) chemistry (5841 records); 2) physics/ materials (13966 records); 3) mathematics (7162 records); life sciences (7377 records). The physics/ materials category has almost three times as many records as the chemistry category, and twice the records of the mathematics category. Detailed analysis of the taxonomy allowed four representative technical topics to be identified (nanotechnology; genetics; alloys; crops), and bibliometrics analysis was performed for each topic. Use of bibliometrics (e.g., key researchers, Centers of Excellence, core journals) allowed the infrastructure of these technical areas to be identified. Two unique approaches were developed to compare characteristics of Chinaâ s science and technology output with that of other countries. First, a novel method was used to compare the impact/ quality of all of Chinaâ s research with that of two other countries, India and Australia. Second, a unique approach was used to compare Chinaâ s research investment emphases/ strategy relative to that of the USA. Chinaâ s output of research articles has expanded dramatically in the last decade. In terms of sheer numbers of research articles, especially in critical technologies (e.g., nanotechnology, energetic materials), it is among the leaders. In terms of citation impact, it was higher than India in all major categories (e.g., Physical, Environmental, Materials, and Life Sciences), but was lower than Australia in all these major categories. In terms of investment strategy relative to that of the USA, China is investing more heavily in the hard science areas that underpin modern defense and commercial activities, whereas the USA is investing more heavily in the medical, psychological, and social problem (e.g., drug use) science areas that underpin improvement of individual health and comfort.

Mathematics research in India, as reflected by papers indexed in Mathsci 1998, is quantified and mapped. Wherever possible, the findings are compared with mathematics research in India in 1994. Overall, compared to 1994, there were 30% fewer publications from India in 1998 - from 1391 in 1994 to 971 in 1998. Of these, 864 papers had appeared in 273 journals published from 3 countries. Among subfields, Quantum theory topped the list with 14 papers, followed by Statistics 85 papers; Economics, operations research, programming, games 55 papers; Fluid mechanics 45 papers; and Relativity and gravitational theory 45 papers. In all, researchers from 143 institutions located in 89 Indian cities/ towns belonging to 21 states/union territories had contributed at least one paper in 1998. ISI, Calcutta, leads the list with 65 papers, followed by TIFR, Mumbai (62 papers), IISc, Bangalore (49 papers), and Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai (41 papers). The decline is steep in Uttar Pradesh and to a certain extent Delhi. A welcome improvement is the considerable decrease in the number of papers published in lowimpact journals. There seems to be an attempt on the part of Indian mathematicians to publish their work in SCI/-indexed high impact journals. Even so, only a very small percent of papers has appeared in high impact factor journals. There is also a flight away from Indian journals. In ten subfields, including Statistics, Special functions, General topology, and Functions of a complex variable, India publishes more than twice the number of papers expected from the world average. Every third paper from India has resulted from inter-institutional collaboration; 212 papers (about 23%) have resulted from international collaboration. This report was prepared by the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation and was submitted to NISSAT, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research Government of India, New Delhi in October 2001.