Cette thèse porte sur les relations de parenté chez les habitants de sept communautés traditionnelles de pêcheurs Caiçaras de l´archipel d´Ilhabela (Etat de São Paulo, Brésil). L´ensemble de ces communautés forme un réseau complexe fondé sur les liens de parenté et d´amitié. Au sein de ce réseau, l'identité s’impose comme clé essentielle pour comprendre les relations qu’entretiennent ces communautés, l'endogamie locale et consanguine, ainsi que les principes de parenté à l’oeuvre. Les résidents de ces communautés partagent une identité globale commune, mais en même temps présentent des particularités liées à une identification locale. Dans la description et l’analyse des relations de parenté deux axes sont privilégiés : d’un côté, l’étude des récits racontés à propos d’unions matrimoniales, de l’autre, la prise en compte systématique de données généalogique à l'aide d’outils informatiques. Ces analyses ont révélé l'existence de principes positives, comme la préférence pour le mariage avec des "cousins éloignes", et principes négatifs, comme l'évitement d’unions entre germains, d’unions obliques et de toute unions à même d’engendrer du cumul de connexions ou substances. L'adoption et la résidence, étroitement liées à des enjeux d'identité sont d’importants facteurs dans la variation au sein des principes et tendances propres au fonctionnement de la parenté dans les communautés traditionnelles Caiçaras de cet archipel. / This thesis deals with kinship and marriage relations among the inhabitants of seven traditional Caiçara fishermen communities of the Ilhabela archipelago (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). These communities compose a complex network based on ties of kinship, marriage and friendship. Identity turns out to be an essential key for understanding the relationship dynamics linking these communities, patterns of local and consanguineous endogamy, as well as the kinship and marriage principles at work. The residents of these communities share a common, overall identity, but they also present particularities linked to their particular localities. In describing and analyzing kinship and marriage relations, two approaches are favored: narratives about particular marriages on the one hand, and a systematic account of genealogical data using computerized tools on the other. These analyses revealed the presence of positive principles, such as a preference for marriage with « distant cousins », and of negative precepts, such as the avoidance of marriages between siblings, of oblique unions and of all unions giving rise to an accumulation of connections or substances. Adoption and residence, closely linked to issues of identity, are important factors in the variations that occur with respect to the principles and tendencies of the kinship system of the traditional Caiçaras communities of this archipelago.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-12T10:58:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvio Sérgio Ferreira Pinheiro.pdf: 1877053 bytes, checksum: c93d111c0dca0be3fb6bb891cc1045e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T10:58:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvio Sérgio Ferreira Pinheiro.pdf: 1877053 bytes, checksum: c93d111c0dca0be3fb6bb891cc1045e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study analyzes the democracy in a dependent and oligarchic state, with peripheral social formation, Maranhão. The perspective is how to think of a better future for a state that has a socially low diversified society, cleaved by great inequalities, ethnically and racially asymmetric, whose democracy is fundamentally featured by oligarchic relations, family-based political culture, kinship and patrimonialism, by means of authoritarian practices. More than a thesis, it is a challenge to understand the imbrication of oligarchy and familybased political culture and kinship related to the idea of political elite.This study was motivated by the evidence that the existing literature does not focus on how those categories influence or not a democracy on a higher level in the state.Therefore, the research scope was limited for the contemporary period, the twenty-first century, and in Maranhão, and a the central question was set up: can the presence of families with a history of practices that can be characterized as oligarchic in the state of Maranhão have an essential role in the formation and configuration of current democracy? The research has a general objective, which is to investigate democracy and its overlap with oligarchic model, from 2002 to 2016. Specific objectives are: a) to carry out a brief update on the political trajectory of José Sarney as the leader of his political group in Maranhão; b) to describe how the contradiction of the Lula- Sarney alliance for the coalition pact for governability was forged and consolidated, starting in 2002; c) to investigate the source of strength and longevity for the maintenance of Sarney´s and his family´s power for so long in politics / O estudo ora apresentado analisa a democracia em um estado com formação social periférica, dependente e oligárquica: o Maranhão. A perspectiva é como pensar um futuro melhor para um estado que possui uma sociedade com baixa diversificação social, clivada por grandes desigualdades, com assimetria étnico-racial, e uma democracia caracterizada fundamentalmente por relações oligárquicas, de cultura política de base familiar, de parentela e patrimonialista, por meio de práticas autoritárias. Mais do que uma tese, trata-se aqui de um desafio para se entender a imbricação de oligarquia e cultura política de base familiar e de parentela relacionada com a ideia de elite política. O que motivou este estudo foi a evidência de que a literatura existente não aborda como essas categorias influenciam ou não uma democracia com maior intensidade no estado. Diante disso, delimitou-se o campo de alcance da pesquisa para o período contemporâneo, portanto, no século XXI, e no Maranhão, sendo formulada a pergunta central: será que a presença de famílias com histórico de práticas que podem ser caracterizadas como oligárquicas no estado do Maranhão, tem um papel essencial na formação e na configuração da democracia que hoje se apresenta? A pesquisa tem por objetivo geral: investigar a democracia e sua imbricação com modelo oligárquico, no período de 2002 a 2016. E como objetivos específicos: a) realizar uma breve atualização da trajetória política de José Sarney enquanto líder do grupo no Maranhão; b) descrever como se forjou e consolidou a contradição da aliança de Lula e Sarney para o pacto de coalizão da governabilidade, a partir de 2002; c) investigar a origem da força e longevidade para a manutenção de seu poder e de sua família por tanto tempo na política

Blastocystis sp. é um protozoário comumente encontrado em amostras fecais de humanos e animais, envolto por aspectos patogênicos e zoonóticos ainda controversos. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado a distribuição dos subtipos (STs) de Blastocystis sp., porém são escassos os relatos sobre a sua caracterização molecular na América Latina, sobretudo no Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os STs presentes em isolados fecais de indivíduos acompanhados no Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC/FMUSP). Para tanto, amostras fecais positivas para Blastocystis sp. diagnosticadas na Seção de Parasitologia do Laboratório Central (HC/FMUSP) foram utilizadas para o isolamento de DNA. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi realizada utilizando iniciadores específicos para a subunidade 18S do DNA ribossomal de Blastocystis sp. A reação de sequenciamento dos produtos de PCR foi realizada, as sequências de DNA obtidas foram alinhadas e comparadas com outras sequências da base de dados GenBank e MLST. Foram identificados os STs (ST1, ST2, ST3 e ST6), sendo o ST3 o mais prevalente entre os isolados humanos seguido pelo ST1. Os alelos de número 34 e 36 foram os mais frequentes. Em conclusão, estes resultados contribuem para a caracterização molecular e a distribuição dos STs de Blastocystis sp. em amostras de fezes humanas no Brasil. / Blastocystis sp. is an organism described as enteroparasite protozoan, commonly found in stool samples from humans. Several subtypes have been described in humans, but pathogenic potential and aspects epidemiological are still controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate Blastocystis subtypes (STs) from patients of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC/FMUSP), Brazil. Blastocystis sp. positive stool samples diagnosed in Section of Parasitology of Central Laboratory (HC/FMUSP) were used for DNA isolation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using specific primers targeting the small subunit of rRNA gene. Direct DNA sequencing of PCR products was performed, and the DNA sequences were aligned and compared to other sequences present in GenBank and MLST database. Four STs were identified (ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST6), where the ST3 was the most prevalent ST among human isolates followed by ST1. Allele nos. 34 and 36 were the most frequent. Another important finding is the presence of ST6, rarely detected in human isolates. In conclusion, our results contribute to the molecular characterization and distribution of Blastocystis sp. STs in human stool specimens in Brazil.

Esta pesquisa analisa o papel desempenhado pela imprensa luso-americana na criação de um universo geográfico-político referencial entre 1808 e 1822, isto é, no momento crucial de passagem da condição colonial à nacional. Realizar esta epistemologia das cartografias imaginadas significou utilizar-se do método quantitativo para tabular todas as menções, encontradas nos 35 jornais consultados, a diferentes tipos de espaço: hemisférios, oceanos, ilhas, rios, continentes, países, províncias, cidades, vilas e arraiais. A hipótese central aqui sustentada é que os esboços de mapas-múndi daí resultantes projetaram o Brasil de modo inédito, pois os lineamentos políticos que o dotavam de certa singularidade eram reforçados pari passu sua inserção numa nova ordem internacional. De modo que, ao inserir-se num contexto mundial, a própria ideia de um Brasil enquanto corpo político em potencial ia paulatinamente ganhando materialidade. / This research analyses the role played by the Luso-American press in the creation of a geopolitical set of references from 1808 to 1822, that is to say, in the crucial moments of transition from the colonial condition to the national one. Carrying out this epistemology of imagined cartographies meant to make use of the quantitative method to tabulate every mention found in the thirty five newspapers researched made to different categories of space, such as: hemispheres, continents, countries, provinces, cities, hamlets, villages, and campgrounds. The main hypothesis sustained here is that the resulting world maps projected Brazil in a new way, given that its political lineaments that would add some uniqueness to it were strengthened pari passu its insertion in a new international order. In a way that, by entering in a global context, the very idea of Brazil as being able to turn into a political body would slowly become concrete.

The central tenets of both the National Health Services of Scotland (NHS) and the Unified Health System of Brazil (SUS) are universality and equity of access to services on the basis of need, free at the point of delivery. Redistribution is designed into the Scottish system. This study uses a mixed methods approach to analyse access to health care and the influence of socioeconomic factors using hip arthroplasty as a proxy measure for equity in the public health care systems of Brazil and Scotland. Methods Three studies were conducted to establish the extent to which equity is achieved in each system and the extent to which inequalities in socioeconomic status and health service supply affect equity. First, an ecological study using routine data of hip arthroplasty rates in the public sector by country and geographic region (2009/10 to 2012/13) complemented by an analysis of supply, specifically per capita distribution of beds and staff nationally and by area. Second, inequalities in access due to socioeconomic status were analysed for Scotland using the Scottish Index of Multideprivation (SIMD) in association with standardised rates; in Brazil two socioeconomic indicators (Gini and Human Development Index - HDI) were modelled (Zero Inflated Poisson - ZIP) with standardised municipal rates of arthroplasties (5,565 municipalities); and a Pearson's correlation. Finally, qualitative interviews were undertaken in both countries with civil servants, health workers and policy makers who were invited to comment on the quantitative results from stages I and II based on a script of open ended questions. Results There is an almost eight fold difference in treatment rates between Brazil (7.8-8.3/100,000) and Scotland between 2009/10 to 2012/13 (57.7-61.1/100,000). There are geographic differences within both countries. The health board areas with the lowest and highest regional rates in Scotland were Glasgow & Clyde with rates of 29.2-40.2/100,000 and Ayrshire & Arran with a rate of 60.2-88.5/100,000 respectively; in Brazil the lowest and highest regions were the North Region (2.3-4/100,000) and South Region (15.4-17.9/100,000) respectively. The two least deprived quintiles (4 and 5) in the Scottish population had both a higher utilisation (42.6%) and proportional growth in number of procedures than the two more deprived (1 and 2); quintile 3 had no consistent changes. In Brazil municipal rates showed a negative correlation with Gini (r=- .226) and a positive correlation with HDI (r=.396); the ZIP model demonstrated that for every standard deviation (SD) change in Gini, rates would be 23% higher or lower, for HDI each SD would lower or increase rates by 56%. Three major areas were identified by interviewees as explanatory factors for these quantitative results: equity of access, health systems, evidence based actions/policies. Crucially the interviewees identified GDP spend on public health care, the ability of governments to redistribute and reallocate resources on the basis of need and the distorting effect of the market and private providers including physicians as key factors; and the need for better data collection from the private sector. Conclusion Although both countries aspire to universal health care, Brazil is very far from reaching that goal due to the widespread socioeconomic differences and that the health system does not redistribute resources, staff and beds according to need. Scotland appears to be achieving universal access on the basis of need, nevertheless there are geographic and socioeconomic differences in access that need to be carefully monitored and understood. In Brazil there should be better planning and resource allocation so that public resources are redirected towards those most in need of the North and Northeast regions.

The rst chapter uses a unique dataset on Brazilian party members and variation from mayoral elections to examine the determinants of party membership in Brazil. It starts by examining the effect of winning office on the membership of political parties at the local level. The effect of interest is identi ed using a differences-indifferences approach that compares changes in membership of parties that assume office with changes in membership of all other political parties registered in a municipality. The results indicate that winning office increases the membership of the party of the mayor by 0:5%. In addition, political alignment with higher levels of government has a signifi cant effect on the membership of the mayoral candidate party. Finally, the paper documents that party switching is one of the drivers of the estimated increase in membership. The paper offers evidence in favor of the hypothesis that party membership is driven by opportunistic motives in addition to ideology. The second chapter combines data on the universe of recipients of the Bolsa Famlia program from 2005 to 2015 with data on party membership to investigate the returns to political loyalty. Speci cally, it uses variation from mayoral elections to investigate whether members of political parties that assume office at the local level are more likely to receive social transfers. Regression results from an IV estimation show that indeed members of the party that gained access to municipal government are signifi cantly more likely to receive the benefi t. Additionally, it finds no evidence that members of parties that did not win office are more likely to lose the benefi t as a result of the electoral defeat. This chapter offers direct evidence of material rewards to party membership. The last chapter focuses on the impact of pay transparency on earnings inequality in the Brazilian public sector. Differences-in-differences estimates show that the disclosure of wages reduced the 90/50 decile wage gap across municipalities located in states that adopted wage transparency in comparison to those located in states that did not adopt the policy. There is also no evidence that earnings decile gaps below the median were affected by the salary transparency policy, which indicates that the effect of disclosure in the public sector was mainly concentrated at the upper tail of the log earnings distribution. Finally, evidence presented suggests that the effect on inequality compression is the result of lower returns to top paid occupations rather than changes in employment. The paper suggests that at the margin, top paid public sector employees are insensitive to changes in their earnings, indicating that there are rents that accrue to holding these positions.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Heinz Dieter Besser. / Ph.D.

A primeira tradução de Dante em língua portuguesa surge no Ramalhete poético do parnaso italiano, obra de Luiz Vicente De Simoni, em 1843. Este livro, dedicado ao consórcio de Dom Pedro II com a princesa italiana Teresa Cristina, contém vinte e cinco poetas italianos e traz também importantes reflexões sobre tradução no prefácio. Hoje em dia De Simoni está praticamente esquecido entre nós; neste sentido, a presente dissertação buscou indicar alguns subsídios para a retomada deste pioneiro da tradução no Brasil, que apresentou Dante ao público de língua portuguesa. / The first translation of Dante\'s work was published in the Ramalhete poético do parnaso italiano by Luiz Vicente De Simoni, in 1843. This book, which celebrated the marriage of Pedro II with the Italian princess Teresa Cristina, presents twenty-five Italian poets, besides including a preface containing important considerations about translating. Nowadays, De Simoni is almost forgoten among us; in this sense, the current work has tried to offer some elements which may permit the rediscovery of this pioneer of translation studies in Brazil, who introduced Dante to the Portuguese-speaking public.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa enfoca duas áreas distintas pertencentes ao Domínio Tectônico Cachoeirinha que corresponde ao setor oriental dos terrenos pré-cambrianos do sudoeste do Cráton Amazônico em Mato Grosso, constituído pelas seguintes unidades litoestratigráficas: Complexos Metavulcano- sedimentares Cabaçal e Quatro Meninas, Suíte Intrusiva Máfica- ultramáfica, Unidades Ortognáissicas, Tonalito Cabaçal, pelas suítes intrusivas Santa Cruz, Alvorada, Batólito Rio Branco, Grupo Aguapeí e Suíte Intrusiva Salto do Céu. A Área 1, representada pelas rochas granitóides da Suíte Intrusiva Santa Cruz, um batólito com direção NNW, foliado, com três fácies petrográficas principais compostas por biotita monzo a sienogranito e pela Suíte Intrusiva Alvorada, unidade intrusiva individualizada, fracamente anisotrópica composta por vários corpos de pequeno porte plugs, stocks e plutons, subcirculares a subelípiticos e composição monzo a granodiorítica. Os resultados geoquímicos para as suítes Santa Cruz e Alvorada relacionam estas, a Série Monzogranítica, cálcio- alcalina de alto a médio potássio, peraluminosas a metaluminosas sugerindo quanto ao ambiente tectônico, características sin a tardi- colisionais gerados em arco magmático. O padrão de distribuição REE, sugere a intensificação do processo de fracionamento do magma a partir da fase inicial e, possível geração de magmas contemporâneos e cogenéticos de mesmas fontes diferenciadas. A idade U-Pb para a S.I. Santa Cruz apresenta valor de 1561 ± 260 Ma. e a idade TDM sugere um sofreu fracionamento mantélico por volta de 2,0 Ga., enquanto o valor negativo de εNd(t) -0,89 a -2,75 assinalam a participação de material crustal, mais diferenciadas na formação do magma. / Abstract: This research deals with two distinct areas both within the Tectonic Domain of Cachoeirinha that correspond to the eastern portion of the Pre Cambrian terrains in the southwestern region of the Amazonian Craton in the State of Mato Gosso, Brazil. The lithostratigraphic units are: the metavolcanosedimentary Complex of Cabaçal and Quatro Meninas; intrusive mafic-ultramafic suits; orthogneisses Units; Cabaçal Tonalite; intrusive suits of Santa Cruz and Alvorada; Rio Branco Batholith, Aguapeí Group and intrusive Suit of Salto do Céu. The area 1 is represented by the granitic botholith of the Santa Cruz Suit, foliated with NNW direction, showing three petrographic facies dominated by biotite monzo to sienogranite and the Alvorada Intrusive Suit, weakly anisotropic and made up by many small bodies as plugs, stocks and plutons with circular to elliptic shapes and monzo to granitic compositions. Geochemical data for Santa Cruz and Alvorada Suits indicate that they belong to a Monzogranitic series of high to medium K calc alkaline, peraluminous to metaluminous suit suggesting a tardi-collisional magmatic arc environment. The REE distribution suggests an intense process of fractionation of the magma and possible generation of magmas of the same age and co genetic, derived of the same source. U/Pb age determinations shows values of 1551 ± 260 Ma. for the Santa Cruz Intrusive Suit with TDM ages suggesting the fractionate from the mantle at 2.0 Ga. The positive value of +3.50 for εND(t) indicates the presence of magmatic material with mantle signature, while an εND(t) negative of -0,89 to -1,20 characterize the participation of crustal material derived from more differentiated magma source. / Orientador: Antonio Misson Godoy / Coorientador: Maria Zélia Aguiar de Souza / Banca: Antenor Zanardo. / Banca: Marcos Aurélio Faria de Oliveira / Banca: Mauro César Geraldes / Banca: Ticiano José Saraiva dos Santos / Anexo 2 mapas / Doutor

This thesis analyzes if there, given the size of the informal sector, is an effect of corruption on income inequality, here defined as the Palma ratio. Estimations are done with a fixed effects ordinary least squares regression using panel data for 19 federal states of Brazil over every other year between 2006-2014. The results provide evidence that corruption increases income inequality when the informal sector is smaller than 37.97%, but decreases inequality when the informal sector exceeds 55.34%. The findings are robust to several sensitivity checks. The gained insight of the relationship between corruption and income inequalityusing a microeconomic perspective is the main academic contribution of this thesis.