Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Anthropology, December 2003. / CD-ROM contains PDF files of entire dissertation. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis--University of Wisconsin. / Vita. Photocopy of typescript. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1977. -- 22 cm. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 821-835).

This study examines the influence of organisational climate upon training effectiveness, and to a lesser extent, considers the impact of organisational climate upon business performance. This impact will be considered in relation to the results of employees' training, as assessed by themselves and by supervisors and managers of the firms concerned in the Minas Gerais state of Brazil, the third most important economic region in the southeast part of Brazil. In addition, this study also examines the relationship between training effectiveness and business performance, as assessed by managers and deputy managers. A survey was undertaken with forty-five small and medium-sized metal, pharmaceutical and electronic firms and a total of 225 workers, 90 supervisors and managers were interviewed for this study. Based on the correlational analysis performed, the results of this research indicate that a favourable and positive organisational climate as perceived by workers, does account for training effectiveness, in terms of results of workers' training, as assessed by themselves, supervisors and managers alike. Also, the findings of the research indicate that a favourable and positive organisational clImate greatly accounts for business performance, as assessed by managers only. Finally, the study concludes that training effectiveness and business performance are related, but not as strongly as it could be expected. The area covered in the survey was the capital city of the Minas Gerais state, Belo Horizonte; the industrial city of Contagein, the second most important city in economic terms near Belo Horizonte, and finally, the industrial cities of Itauna and Divinopolis, in the southwest part of the Minas Gerais state. The study raises a number of practical issues: firstly, at the level of national Training Policies, the Brazilian Government might like to re-direct its training policies and strategies, in terms of the effectiveness of training courses/programmes; secondly, at an organisation level, the managers and entrepreneurs need to give more emphasis to organisational climate; thirdly, at the level of the workforce, the employees of the industry need to be more aware of the benefits of a positive organisational climate within the firms in which they work. Finally, at the level of researchers and writers, this study gives an opportunity to either replicate the conclusions reached or to widen the field by doing further studies in this area.

"Creating Inclusive Institutions: Race-based Affirmative Action Policies in Higher Education in the United States and Brazil" is a comparative analysis examining the impact of race-based policies on university enrollment rates of African-descendants in the United States and Brazil. The report contextualizes the history and use of race-based policy mechanisms at the University of Texas at Austin and the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), and draws parallels between the two case studies. The report finds that, as the United States moves away from race-based policies, U.S. public universities are increasingly pressured to support race-neutral policies that negate the need to correct for structural barriers African-Americans face in their pursuit for a postsecondary education. Race-based policies in the United States survive only because they increase levels of diversity, which have been shown to enhance the educational quality for all students in the classroom regardless of race. As a result, U.S. public universities grow increasingly exclusive, as minority student enrollments decline under race-neutral policies. Meanwhile, Brazil begins a new era embracing race-conscious policies to correct for enduring structural barriers faced by its Afro-Brazilian population in its pursuit for social and economic mobility. As Brazil increases its status as a global economic power, the State has identified an urgent need to quickly integrate its vast Afro-Brazilian population into positions of power. By upholding racial quotas as constitutional in public universities, Brazil creates more inclusive institutions, invests in the future of its citizenry, and improves its chances to sustain economic growth and create a truly shared economic prosperity. / text

The legacy of colonialism has left an impression on Brazil that is still strongly present today, particularly in the city of Salvador, Bahia, and the connection between race and class remains quite conspicuous throughout Brazil in politics, business, and social settings. The 20th century saw the rise blocos afro as part of an Afro-Brazilian diaspora seeking pride in black identity and positive social change through concrete community-driven projects. This paper focuses on a newer community group, Bagunçaço, that follows in the footsteps of the blocos afro with an increased emphasis on the role of media in the social development process, using music paired with various digital technologies to educate, empower, and connect participants. The report is an ethnographic study based on first person interviews and observation by the author in Salvador, as well on as a biography on Bagunçaço’s founder, Joselito Crispim. The primary findings of the paper are 1) Bagunçaço serves to mitigate crime and violence among youth, providing kids with skill-building music, art, and technology activities to engage in during free time. 2) The group also serves a spiritual need of Afro-Brazilians by empowering kids with the context of their situation as part of a diasporic community that can resist oppression and gain upward social traction in a society permeated by historic racial hierarchy. 3) Bagunçaço transcends national lines with its international partnerships and engages in a digital exchange that is not only technology skill building, but an expansion of kids’ perspectives of the world beyond the poor communities that many of them would otherwise only ever know. / text

In 2004, the Brazilian Ministry of Tourism launched the Tourism Regionalization Program (Roteiros do Brasil), which presented new prospects for Brazilian tourism through decentralized management. One of the goals of this program was to disperse Brazil’s tourism supply, predominantly located along the coast, and bring tourism to the interior of the country. Brazil’s formal recognition of the need for diversification of its tourist destinations was a positive step toward the development of a thriving Brazilian tourism market, but in the global tourism market, Brazil continues to be associated with a limited number of stereotypical attractions. Despite the advances achieved by the Tourism Regionalization Program, tourism remains geographically concentrated in cities such as Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. This research serves as an analysis of the lesser-known tourism market in the Serra Gaúcha region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Through the use of fundamental qualitative research methods, namely semi-structure interviews and questionnaires completed by students and professionals involved with tourism—both in the Serra Gaúcha as well as outside of Brazil—I assess the current state of tourism to the region in order to formulate key recommendations for the development and improvement of the industry there. From the results, I conclude that the tourism boards of the municipalities throughout the Serra Gaúcha should join together to function regionally in order to more effectively market themselves as a desirable tourist destination and to compete on a national scale for tourists’ attention. In light of the magnified attention Brazil is enjoying due to its selection as the host for both the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics, now is an optimal time for competitive touristic regions, such as the Serra Gaúcha, throughout Brazil to actively build their brand and pursue tourism development strategies tailored to their unique regional strengths and weaknesses. / text

This thesis analyzes levels of newspaper independence in Salvador, Bahia, considering how ownership shapes what news is printed and whether newspapers are drawn into clientelistic relationships with their owners. Through a content analysis of Salvador's two leading newspapers, A Tarde and Correio da Bahia, this study also examines whether the newspapers are including multiple perspectives in the news in an effort to engender civil society and strengthen democracy. This study will show that while the partisan Correio da Bahia has made its agenda reflect that of its owner, A Tarde has struggled to maintain its independence, attempting to include alternative voices and provide citizens with the information they need to participate in, and help further consolidation of, democracy. Such a systematic case study of the impact of owner influence on Brazilian media is rare in journalism literature. / text

This research suggests that the historical context of the 1990s in Brazil provoked the state and the Movimento Negro Unificado (MNU) to undergo specific political transformations with regard to their traditional views, ideologies and preferred strategies for dealing with race and racial inequality. The majority of mainstream literature on affirmative action suggests that the appearance of affirmative action was accompanied by radical shifts in the states policy on race (Gomes 2005, Htun 2004, Medeiros 2005, Mitchell 2006 and Vieira 2005). On the other hand, this literature rarely, if ever, considers the shifts in policies and organizing that occurred in the MNU in order for a policy of affirmative action to become a possibility (Hanchard, 1994). This research corrects for this inefficiency in the mainstream literature by re-centering the significant role that the shifts and ruptures in the MNU had in making affirmative action and other institutional efforts for overcoming inequality and racism in Brazil a possibility. By exploring the historical moment that gave rise to affirmative action, and comparing the state and MNUs traditional posture on racial inequality with the new posture that emerged alongside affirmative action policies, it is possible to re-think the nature of the shifts in the state and the MNU and the ways those shifts made policies like affirmative action a possibility. Therefore, this thesis suggests that opting for a politics of Affirmative action represents a re-articulation of the Movimento Negro, just as much as it represents a shift in the Brazilian states policy and rhetoric on race. Furthermore, this research suggests that affirmative action was a bottom-up policy, nurtured by the dynamics of the historical moment and made possible by the MNUs intense pressure on the state. This research also examines how the shifts in the state and the MNU, which facilitated specific changes in their methods and motivations for dealing with racial inequality, are still shaping the very nature of the current affirmative action debate in Brazil. / text

Race does matter but to what extent? It depends on the vested interests of the governing body. In Brazil, a theory of racial democracy was advanced to accommodate competing interests. In the United States, a theory of racial equality as a supplement to the "self-made man" concept was incorporated to address opposing concerns. This thesis examines the racial formation in Brazil and the United States and how the respective criminal justice systems were formed and are impacted by racial considerations. After a discussion of racial formation in both countries, its relevancy to existing criminal justice institutions is offered. It is submitted that generally, race formation led to criminology that had a reliance on anthropology in Brazil, while it was founded on a sociological perspective in the United States. The Brazilian perspective presupposes a continuum of racial designations contributing to democratic governance which values "whitening" as a unifying factor while the United States perspective presupposes all races are equal within democratic governance which values individual achievement as the unifying factor. These presuppositions have emerged as national myths under the nomenclature of Racial Democracy and Racial Equality or the "self-made man". These myths have also been exposed by social scientists from both an anthropological and sociological perspective. Far from being realized, the pursuit of these myths, or desired cultural norms of "whitening" and individual achievement, continue to influence race relations in both countries. Nevertheless, the implementation of affirmative action policies has emerged to address the shortcomings in each theory. Ironically, what started as two diametrically opposing views of racial designation has integrated somewhat under the significant influence associated with cultural globalization, transparency, democratization and advanced social science methodology.

The objective of this case study on economic management in Brazil is to evaluate the scope and nature of political and ideological factors which affected the process of policy formation from the redemocratization of the country in 1945 until the breakdown of the democratic regime in 1964. Special emphasis is attributed to the reconstruction of the decision-making processes behind the formulation and execution of an agreed economic strategy intended to promote fast economic growth in the 1950's and to the analysis of the political and ideological factors which made acute disequilibria and recession unmanageable within the democratic framework, in the early 1960's. In order to account for the achievements and vicissitudes of economic management in Brazil we focus on the role and function of the state as the key agent in the process of rendering compatible the requirements imposed by economic necessity and the political priorities arising out of the structure and dynamics of the Brazilian political system. Special emphasis is given to the political actors located within the decision making system in particular the técnicos of differing political persuasions, their economic ideologies and their patterns of political action. The reconstruction of the process of policy formation in democratic Brazil is designed to contribute to the current debate on economic and non-economic determinants of the emergence of authoritarian regimes in Latin America. An introduction to our own approach to this question is provided in Chapter I, in connection with discussions current in the relevant literature. In Chapters II and III, we provide an historic reconstruction of the process of policy formation during the late 1940's and 1950's in order to show how technical knowledge and expertize were mobilized as political resources at the service of an economic strategy which shaped the present pattern of capital accumulation in Brazil. Chapter IV examines the political and ideological factors which explain the resumption of inflationary governmental behaviour and over-reliance on foreign debt in the expansionary phase of the economic cycle. In Chapters V, VI and VII we seek to account for the unmanageability of acute disequilibria and recession in the early 1960's through an analysis of the institutional framework and the extremely unstable political background within which any proponents of stabilization-cum-growth policies would have to act.