Garbage collectors (GCs) automate the problem of deciding when objects are no longer reachable and therefore should be reclaimed, however, there currently exists no automated process for the design of a correct garbage collector. Formal models exist that prove the correctness of individual GCs; more general models describe a wider range of GCs but do not prove their correctness or provide a concrete instantiation process. The lack of a formal model means that GCs have been designed in an ad-hoc manner, published without proof of correctness and with bugs; it also means that it is difficult to apply experience gained from one implementation to the design of another. This thesis presents Surf, an abstract model of distributed garbage collection that bridges the gap between expressibility and specificity: it can describe a wide range of GCs and contains a proof of correctness that defines a list of requirements that must be fulfilled. Surf’s design space and its requirements for correctness provide a process that may be followed to analyse an existing collector or create a new GC. Surf predicts the abstract behaviour of GCs; this thesis evaluates those predictions in light of the understood behaviour of published GCs to confirm the accuracy of the model. A distributed persistent implementation of the Train Algorithm is created as an instantiation of Surf and the model is used to analyse progress in the GC and drive the design of a partition selection policy that provides a lower bound on progress and therefore reduces the GC’s complexity to completeness. Tests with mesh data structures from finite element analysis confirm the progress predictions from Surf. Published GCs cluster mostly in one corner of the Surf design space so this thesis explores the design of a GC at an unoccupied design point: the Tram Algorithm. Analysis via Surf leads to the prediction that Trams are capable of discovering topology in the live object graph that approximately identifies the strongly connected components, permitting O(1) timeliness that is unique to the Tram Algorithm. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science, 2008

Garbage collector performance in LISP systems on custom hardware has been substantially improved by the adoption of lifetime-based garbage collection techniques. To date, however, successful lifetime-based garbage collectors have required special-purpose hardware, or at least privileged access to data structures maintained by the virtual memory system. I present here a lifetime-based garbage collector requiring no special-purpose hardware or virtual memory system support, and discuss its performance.

This study investigated the practices public and academic library administrators find useful and utilize in analyzing use of collections. The study also investigated administrators' satisfaction with their collection use analysis practices, and the impact they perceived automation to have upon collection use analysis practices. A survey developed for this study was sent to two stratified random samples of 495 academic libraries and 605 public libraries in the United States. Eight hundred and eighty-eight usable responses were received. Chi-square analyses of six null hypotheses were made and data analyzed computing totals, percentages and rankings. All six null hypotheses were rejected in specific instances. There were differences in the collection analysis practices nonautomated and automated libraries in the sample used found useful. There was a correlation between a library's satisfaction with its practices and its state of automation. In two of four instances there was a generalizable difference between the expectations of automated and nonautomated libraries regarding the utility of automated systems in gathering data for analyzing collection use. There was a difference in the practices used by the sample of automated and nonautomated libraries to analyze collection use. There was a difference in the collection analysis practices identified as useful by the sample of academic and public libraries. There was a difference in the practices used by the sample of academic and public libraries to analyze collection use. / Graduation date: 1990

Background: Pain is a common consequence of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). While research into pain in SCI is vast, examining musculoskeletal pain (MSKP) and low back pain (LBP) are limited. This thesis aims to investigate these categories of pain in incomplete SCI (iSCI). The experience of pain is known to affect quality of life (QoL) and function. The impact of the experience of pain, particularly of LBP, on both the QoL and function are examined in this research. While research in similar fields is predominantly conducted in single nation populations this research is set out to study three different nations. Method: The following were part of this study: • A systematic literature review on the prevalence on chronic back pain (BP), LBP and MSKP in SCI. • A translation, and preliminary validation, into Greek of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM version III). • A cross-national survey conducted in the USA, UK and Greece. Questionnaires included the short-form McGill Pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), EQ-5D and the SCIM III. They were collected either online or via post and 219 questionnaires were analysed. Results: The papers included in the systematic literature review were considerably heterogeneous not allowing meta-analysis to be made. 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the total number of participants in the studies were used. Among people with pain the prevalence of chronic MSKP (CMSKP) was 49% (95%CI 44%, 55%), of chronic BP (CBP) was 47% (95%CI 43%, 50%) and chronic LBP (CLBP) was 49% (95%CI 44%, 55%). GR-SCIM III maintains its unidimensionality and has acceptable internal consistency (α=0.78). Concurrent/criterion validity for the two cross-examined subscales were strong for “self-care” (ρ=-0.78) and moderate for “mobility” (ρ=-0.58). Unidimensionality was also confirmed for the English version of SCIM III, which had accepted internal consistency (α=0.79) and strong concurrent/criterion validity for “self-care” (ρ=-0.75) and moderate for “mobility” (ρ=-0.45). The survey results showed that the prevalence of current LBP is 67.9% (95%CI 61%, 73%) and of MSKP is 38.8% (95%CI 32%, 45%). LBP was of moderate intensity and most commonly described as “aching”. People who report pain, LBP or MSKP reported worse QoL. The impact of LBP on QoL was greater than that of pain in general or MSKP. The increased intensity of LBP correlated with worse function. Among the three participating countries, people from the UK had the worst experience of pain and LBP, classified themselves with the worst health status and reported the worst functional independence. Conclusion: This study offers the first systematic review on CLBP, CBP and CMSKP in SCI. It is unique in using SCIM III by self-report and into Greek. The results show that LBP is highly present in iSCI affecting both QoL and function. Both the GR-SCIM III and the SCIM III are reliable for use, however studies are needed to examine further their psychometric properties. The findings of the study fit with features of the currently used patients’ rehabilitation models.

Cette thèse s’intéresse au phénomène des collections de traductions dans la France du XIXe siècle, particulièrement entre les années 1821 et 1852, dans le but de dévoiler les identités réelles et les identités discursives des traducteurs qui y ont collaboré. Elle tire sa légitimité du peu de travaux effectués jusqu’à ce jour sur les collections de traductions, notamment dans le champ des études littéraires. Nous distinguons deux ensembles, celui de la traduction à partir des langues anciennes (grec et latin) et celui de la traduction à partir des langues modernes (anglais, allemand, italien et espagnol), et décrivons en détail l’architecture globale de cinq entreprises collectives, à savoir : la Bibliothèque Panckoucke, la Collection Nisard, Les Poèmes grecs d’E. Falconnet, la Collection Ladvocat et le Théâtre européen. Grâce à l’information recueillie sur les pages titres et dans les tables de matières, nous avons établi une liste première de 182 traducteurs qui ont signé des traductions en sein de ces entreprises prestigieuses. En adoptant la perspective « prosopographique », nous avons mené notre enquête sur l’identité réelle de ces traducteurs dans des dictionnaires de l’époque (la Biographie générale du Dr. Hoefer, le Dictionnaire des contemporains de Gustave Vapereau et le Grand dictionnaire universel de Pierre Larousse), avec le but de déterminer les horizons dont ils proviennent, leurs domaines d’intérêt, leurs groupes d’âge, leurs implication dans la société littéraire de l’époque, etc. En outre, ces collections nous ont servi de bases de données pour établir une liste de 169 préfaces de traducteurs dont la lecture sérielle, en ayant recours au concept de « scénographie », propre à l’analyse du discours, permet de dégager la personnalité discursive des signataires, de voir de quelle façon ils se présentent au public, et de vérifier jusqu’à quel point leurs identités réelles imprègnent leurs identités discursives. Nous proposons aussi dans cette thèse un essai de poétique et de typologie des préfaces des traducteurs dans les collections de traduction. Notre étude s’articule autour de quatre grandes questions auxquelles nous avons tenté de répondre essentiellement à partir des discours préliminaires des traducteurs : qu’est-ce qu’on traduit? pourquoi traduit-on? comment dit-on avoir traduit? et, finalement, qui traduit? Trois grandes figures de traducteurs s’y trouvent enfin définies : « l’érudit », « le littérateur » et « le lettré ». Les résultats de l’enquête sur les identités réelles des traducteurs ont été recueillis sous la forme de courtes notices bio-bibliographiques et exposés dans un dictionnaire à la fin de la thèse.

Thesis--Uppsala. / Extra t. p. with thesis statement inserted.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 1332765 bytes, checksum: 1b259609a32dac3b9ab8a0cbd27a7cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The final disposition of the solid wastes is today considered one of major problems in the cities of average and big size. This fact has taken, to the city organs, a revision and improvement of the administration of theses residues not limiting its management merely to the collection and final disposition, but searching a systematic decrease of the production of residues in its source and, consequently, less environmental impact. Within the administration, the process of selective collection stands out which is characterized by the setting apart of residues, which may be recuperated in the generating source itself and which must have distinct conditioning for commercialization. In this kind of collection, the pre-collection phase (handling, conditioning and segregation) plays a relevant role for the citizen goes from a passive situation to an active role, as a processor of the materials in its source. In this way the aim of this work was to analyze the adhesion of the population of part of the city of João Pessoa to the implantation of the pre-collection in the Systems of Selective Collection of Domestic Solid Wastes, taking into account the receptivity of the population assisted, the problems and limitations of the system adopted and the proposal of incentives to the adhesion. The study was developed in the suburbs of Cabo Branco, Manaíra, Miramar e Tambaú which make part of Nucleus 1 of the selective collection in the city of João Pessoa PB, implanted since September, 2000 and supported by the City Special Autarchy of Urban Cleaning (EMLUR). The methodology used for the measurement of the awareness and participation of the population in the selective collection was the conduction of a survey with the households in Nucleus 1. The software Sphinx Plus2 was used for the statistic analysis of the data. The indicators of receptivity, awareness and participation of the population in relation to the program of selective collection and the proposed incentives by the research to the adhesion to the pre-collection program as well as the positive and negative points of the program were verified. Among the relevant results we can point out that 70,16% of the surveyed people are aware of the selective collection program; that among the 61,27% of the surveyed people who do the selective pre-collection, 77,40% had orientation to do it; that the adhesion to the pre-collection does not depend on the school level; that 94,92% of the surveyed people consider the selective collection beneficial; and that 55,87% chose, as a main incentive to adhere to the pre-collection, the placing of appropriate recipients for each kind of waste near the residence. Based on the results obtained it was observed that there was the need of more campaigns of divulgation and conscientiousness about the selective collection, with the purpose of motivating the participants and stimulating the adhesion of part of the population who is not yet inserted in the program / A disposição final dos resíduos sólidos é considerada hoje, um dos maiores problemas nas cidades de médio e grande porte. Este fato tem levado aos órgãos municipais a uma revisão e melhoria da gestão desses resíduos não se restringindo seu gerenciamento apenas a coleta e disposição final, mas buscando uma diminuição sistemática da produção de resíduos na fonte, e conseqüentemente menos impacto ambiental. Dentro da gestão sobressai-se o processo da coleta seletiva que se caracteriza pela separação dos resíduos, que podem ser recuperados, na própria fonte geradora e que devem ter acondicionamentos distintos, para serem comercializados. Neste tipo de coleta, a fase da pré-coleta (manuseio, acondicionamento e segregação) tem papel relevante, pois o cidadão passa de uma situação passiva a um papel ativo, como processador dos materiais na origem. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a adesão da população, de parte da cidade de João Pessoa, para implantação da pré-coleta nos Sistemas de Coleta Seletiva de Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares, considerando-se a receptividade da população atendida, os problemas e limitações do sistema adotado e a proposição de incentivos à adesão. O estudo foi desenvolvido nos bairros do Cabo Branco, Manaíra, Miramar e Tambaú que fazem parte do Núcleo 1 de coleta seletiva da cidade de João Pessoa PB, implantado desde setembro de 2000 e apoiado pela Autarquia Especial Municipal de Limpeza Urbana (EMLUR). A metodologia utilizada para mensuração do conhecimento e participação da população no programa de coleta seletiva foi à aplicação de entrevista estruturada junto aos domicílios do Núcleo 1. Para a análise estatística dos dados foi utilizado o software Sphinx Plus2. Verificaram-se os indicadores de receptividade, conhecimento e participação da população em relação ao programa de coleta seletiva e os incentivos propostos pela pesquisa para adesão à pré-coleta, assim como os pontos positivos e negativos do programa. Dentre os resultados relevantes pode-se destacar que 70,16 % dos entrevistados têm conhecimento do programa de coleta seletiva; que 61,27 % dos entrevistados fazem a pré-coleta seletiva; que dos 61,27 % que fazem a pré-coleta, 77,40 % tiveram orientação para fazê-la; que a adesão a pré-coleta não depende do grau de escolaridade; que 94,92 % dos entrevistados consideram a coleta seletiva benéfica; e que 55,87 % escolheram como principal incentivo para aderir a pré-coleta a colocação de recipientes adequados para cada tipo de resíduo próximo a residência.Com base nos resultados constatou-se a necessidade de mais campanhas de divulgação e conscientização sobre a coleta seletiva, com o intuito de incentivar os que participam e a estimular a adesão da parcela da população que ainda não está inserida no programa

Esta pesquisa aborda a Curadoria do Acervo Artístico-Cultural dos Palácios do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, responsável pela zeladoria de um acervo público intimamente ligado às estruturas administrativas do Estado de São Paulo, suas funções e atividades. Apresenta um histórico da formação e consolidação do Acervo Artístico-Cultural dos Palácios do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, relacionando-o aos diversos palácios já ocupados pelo Governo do Estado, e dos setores responsáveis por seu gerenciamento, a Curadoria do Acervo Artístico-Cultural dos Palácios do Governo, o seu Conselho de Orientação e o seu Conselho Consultivo. O processo curatorial desenvolvido ao longo do tempo, e aprimorado pela gestão atual, que teve início em 2007, é analisado, dando-se ênfase à metodologia utilizada para a elaboração, produção e montagem de exposições, seu principal procedimento de comunicação. A partir dos dados apresentados, visando estruturar mecanismos de proteção aos acervos de palácios de governo, formula a hipótese de implementar documentos para uma mais adequada gestão, o Plano Museológico e a Política de Gestão de Acervo. / This research addresses the Curatorship of the Artistic-Cultural Collection of the Governmental Palaces of the State of São Paulo, responsible for the safeguard of a public collection closely connected to the administrative structures of the State of São Paulo, its functions and activities. It presents the historical development of the formation and consolidation of the Artistic-Cultural Collection of the Governmental Palaces of the State of São Paulo, relating it to the several palaces once occupied by the State Government, and the departments responsible for its management, the Curatorship of the Artistic-Cultural Collection the Governmental Palaces, its Guidance Council and its Advisory Council. The curatorial process developed throughout the time, and improved by the current management, which began in 2007, is analyzed, emphasizing the methodology used for the elaboration, production and setting up of exhibitions, its main communication procedure. From the presented data, aiming to structure protection mechanisms for collections of governmental palaces, it formulates the hypothesis of implementing documents for better management, the Museological Plan and the Collection Management Policy.

As data become more pervasive and computing power increases, the opportunity for transformative use of data grows. Collecting data from individuals can be useful to the individuals (by providing them with personalized predictions) and the data collectors (by providing them with information about populations). However, collecting these data is costly: answering survey items, collecting sensed data, and computing values of interest deplete finite resources of time, battery, life, money, etc. Dynamically ordering the items to be collected, based on already known information (such as previously collected items or paradata), can lower the costs of data collection by tailoring the information-acquisition process to the individual. This thesis presents a framework for an iterative dynamic item ordering process that trades off item utility with item cost at data collection time. The exact metrics for utility and cost are application-dependent, and this frame- work can apply to many domains. The two main scenarios we consider are (1) data collection for personalized predictions and (2) data collection in surveys. We illustrate applications of this framework to multiple problems ranging from personalized prediction to questionnaire scoring to government survey collection. We compare data quality and acquisition costs of our method to fixed order approaches and show that our adaptive process obtains results of similar quality at lower cost. For the personalized prediction setting, the goal of data collection is to make a prediction based on information provided by a respondent. Since it is possible to give a reasonable prediction with only a subset of items, we are not concerned with collecting all items. Instead, we want to order the items so that the user provides information that most increases the prediction quality, while not being too costly to provide. One metric for quality is prediction certainty, which reflects how likely the true value is to coincide with the estimated value. Depending whether the prediction problem is continuous or discrete, we use prediction interval width or predicted class probability to measure the certainty of a prediction. We illustrate the results of our dynamic item ordering framework on tasks of predicting energy costs, student stress levels, and device identification in photographs and show that our adaptive process achieves equivalent error rates as a fixed order baseline with cost savings up to 45%. For the survey setting, the goal of data collection is often to gather information from a population, and it is desired to have complete responses from all samples. In this case, we want to maximize survey completion (and the quality of necessary imputations), and so we focus on ordering items to engage the respondent and collect hopefully all the information we seek, or at least the information that most characterizes the respondent so imputed values will be accurate. One item utility metric for this problem is information gain to get a “representative” set of answers from the respondent. Furthermore, paradata collected during the survey process can inform models of user engagement that can influence either the utility metric ( e.g., likelihood therespondent will continue answering questions) or the cost metric (e.g., likelihood the respondent will break off from the survey). We illustrate the benefit of dynamic item ordering for surveys on two nationwide surveys conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau: the American Community Survey and the Survey of Income and Program Participation.

Située au centre du triangle formé par la France, les Pays-Bas et l’Allemagne, la Belgique est au cœur du réseau de diffusion des tendances conceptuelles dans les années 1970. La scène artistique belge est cependant sous-représentée dans les études consacrées à ce sujet. Il s’agit donc de montrer la place occupée par les travaux réalisés par Jacques Charlier, Jacques Lizène, Schwind et Alain D’Hooghe entre 1969 et 1974, en les analysant à la lumière des œuvres, mais aussi des textes qui ont contribué à la définition de l’art conceptuel. Cette approche permet de voir qu’ils en utilisent les codes afin de mettre en évidence leur position extérieure à ce réseau, tout en démontrant leur connaissance des débats provoqués par cette nouvelle manière de définir l’art. Au moyen des stratégies subversives puisées dans l’histoire du surréalisme belge, ils y participent en testant dans la pratique les limites de cette définition. Reconsidérer leur situation par rapport aux centres amène ainsi à réévaluer la position occupée par les travaux de ces artistes au sein des conceptualismes européens / Located in the centre of the geographical triangle formed by France, the Netherlands and Germany, Belgium is a merging point in the network that developed the conceptual art trends in the Seventies. The Belgian art scene is, however, under-represented in the critical and academic studies on this topic. The aim of this PhD thesis is therefore to show the relevance of the works by outstanding Belgian artists - Jacques Charlier, Jacques Lizène, Schwind and Alain D'Hooghe - between 1969 and 1974 in the light of those of conceptual art, but also in relation to the essays that have contributed to define it. Although their awareness of the international debate and even if they made use of the conceptual art codes, this comparative approach allows to underline how the above mentioned Belgian artists positioned their practices and how they operated independently from the main conceptual art network. Through subversive strategies inherited from Belgian surrealism, their works contributed to challenge the limit of the notion of conceptual art. To reconsider their stance leads to reassess the position of their work in the scope of the European conceptualisms