This thesis traces cultural and socio-political responses to the alien Jew in Britain through the prism of genre, space and time. Beginning with the reports of persecution of Jews in Eastern Europe in the late nineteenth century, it examines how representations of these foreign Jews changed and developed as sympathy for their plight turned to anxiety at the prospect of their arrival in Britain. It shows how a Semitic discourse evolved alongside, and in response to, wider debates about the state of the self, nation and empire at the fin de siècle, arguing that the vocabulary and mentality of imperialism was a crucial tool for deciphering the nature of Jewish „difference‟. However, this thesis also enables fresh perspectives by considering the gender and spatial dynamics of Semitic representations in Britain during and beyond the period of mass immigration, from the end of the nineteenth century until the beginning of the twenty first. This extended view of the Jewish 'other', which follows the 'typical' Jewish migrant journey from the shtetl of Eastern Europe to the North London suburb of the present-day, considers how Jewish spatial and cultural practices have been interpreted and articulated by the British and the British-Jewish onlooker. The thesis' opening section, divided into three chapters, adopts an original approach to the aliens question by exploring how perspectives on the alien Jew were shaped and expressed within different mediums, or 'genres' at the fin de siècle. Through an assessment of newspapers, political debates, and fiction, this section offers a comparative analysis of how the particular dynamics and agendas of each of these genres operated to produce different textual and visual images of 'the Jew'. Building upon Bryan Cheyette's seminal work in relation to fiction, each of these chapters demonstrates not only the inherently ambivalent nature of Semitic representations but also reveal that, crucially, gender was an important moderator of Jewish „difference‟. This reading extends into the second section which, across four chapters, explores how gender functioned in conjunction with space to construct ideas in Britain about alien Jews as they traversed time and space from shtetl to suburb. Beginning with the point of departure, the opening chapter of the section reviews the long tradition of representing Eastern Europe by „the West‟, arguing that this tradition laid the foundation for a paradoxical view of the Jew in Eastern Europe as both territorialized and territorializing. This perceived struggle for spatial ownership amongst Jews also featured in narratives of the migrant journey – the topic of the second chapter. That perception generated the notion that migrating Jews were staging an alien invasion of Britain. Thus the prolonged fascination with London's Jewish 'ghetto' and its interior – 'alien' territory par excellence – provides the focus for the third chapter which, in turn, lays the foundation for the final chapter‟s exploration of the replacement of the urban with the suburban as the alien Jew's 'territory' of choice.

Esta tese apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa etnográfica, realizada junto aos povos Aranã, Krenak e Mucurim, nos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Doce e Mucuri, no Estado de Minas Gerais, tendo como problema a análise da resistência e da luta e, como uma das consequências, um processo de ressurgimento/reinvenção. Para isto, analisamos a ambivalência, vida-morte, ou sobrevivência e invisibilidade, presentes na história das comunidades locais, bem como avaliamos os efeitos do processo da colonização. Foram discutidas as possíveis influências e consequências ocasionadas pela intervenção na vida dessas pessoas, principalmente no que tange ao surgimento de uma memória estigmatizada, que não impediu, nos últimos anos, o ressurgimento de alguns povos, dentre eles, os Mucurim e Aranã. Analisamos a situação histórica e social, objetivando verificar a influência do cristianismo na constituição histórica destes povos, por entendermos que a Igreja, apoiando a colonização, exerceu papel duplo, que possibilitou a entrada e ocupação dos territórios, ao mesmo tempo em que forneceu novas bases culturais e religiosas aos habitantes dessa região. / This thesis presents the results of an ethnographic research project, carried out with the Aranã, Krenak and Mucurim peoples, in the Jequitinhonha, Doce and Mucuri Valleys, in the State of Minas Gerais, having as its problem the analysis of the resistance and struggle, and as one of its consequences, a process of resurgence/reinvention. For this we analyzed the ambivalence, life-death, or survival and invisibility, present in the history of the local communities, as well as the effects of the process of colonization. The possible influences and consequences caused by the intervention in the life of these people were discussed, especially those relating to the emergence of a stigmatized memory, which did not impede, in the last years, the resurgence of some of the peoples, among them, the Mucurim and Aranã. We analyzed the historical and social situation with the goal of verifying the influence of Christianity in the historical constitution of these peoples, since we understand that the Catholic Church, supporting colonization, exerted a dual role, which made possible the entrance into and occupation of the territories, while at the same time propitiating new cultural and religious foundations for the inhabitants of this region.

This thesis covers the analysis of current UK economic issues relating to immigration and the labour market. In particular, since the late 1990s, the UK has experienced increasing immigration inflows significantly affecting both the economy and society as a whole. In parallel, over the last two decades the country has undergone other substantial changes in the structure of the labour market, primarily due to an intrinsic rapid educational upgrading and the pervasive effect of technological change. Chapter 1 studies immigrant assimilation by comparing the life satisfaction of immigrants across different generations against that of their native peers. Chapter 2 develops and empircally tests a model to explain the channels through which heterogeneous firms may adjust their product and process innovation activities in response to local labour supply shocks such as immigration inflows. Chapter 3 estimates the causal effect of technological exposure on UK local labour markets while providing suggestive evidence on the role of changes in the composition of the labour force.

Este trabalho investiga a presença da Igreja Católica no oeste do Estado do Paraná no período de 1930 a 1990. O período é relativo ao momento em que a Igreja marca presença através de sua institucionalização na região. A atuação da Igreja junto aos fiéis possibilitou a construção de um imaginário religioso através do qual, ao mesmo tempo em que a Igreja valorizou a presença dos colonos, estes tiveram a possibilidade de se instalarem na região, e estabeleceram uma relação de valorização ao papel desempenhado pela Igreja. A Igreja Católica utilizou-se de práticas e discursos que possibilitaram marcar presença na região, desenvolvendo uma estratégia que a caracterizou como uma instituição de necessidade ímpar junto aos colonos, a fim de provê-los dos "bens espirituais". Ao mesmo tempo, construiu a imagem do colono enquanto um homem abnegado ao trabalho e voltado aos interesses da coletividade. A recepção do discurso católico e as ações pastorais para que os discursos encontrassem receptividade por parte dos fiéis também foi uma questão analisada. Ao apontar para a construção do imaginário religioso, procurou-se investigar a partir das práticas e discursos feitos pelo clero católico junto aos colonos e a maneira como estes foram recebidos pelos colonos. Inúmeras ações foram desenvolvidas pelo clero católico e ainda hoje continuam, visando a melhor forma de atingir os fiéis, nos mais diversos níveis sociais. A realização do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II foi um momento de redefinição da Igreja Católica. O trabalho mostra a Igreja e sua atuação no espaço regional e as interferências que ela começou a sofrer a partir do pensamento conciliar que a perpassou em âmbito mundial, reelaborando um novo conceito de igreja e a repercussão destas mudanças na região. Por fim, os processos de tecnificação do campo e de urbanização que se intensificaram a partir da década de 1970, provocaram uma situação de redefinição da ação da Igreja a qual passou a remodelar seus discursos e reconstruir outras representações frente às mudanças ora registradas. Somado a isso, se percebe que a recepção dos discursos por parte dos fiéis também passou a exigir, dos emissores, estratégias mais elaboradas e convincentes. A abordagem conclusiva do trabalho consiste na demonstração das representações construídas pelos agentes da Igreja que atuaram durante os processos de colonização e de modernização. / This work investigates the presence of the Catholic Church in west of Paraná State in the period of 1930 a 1990. The period is relative to the moment that the Church is made institutional in the region. The role of the Church with the settlers presents a wealth of elements that built a body of representations, which contributed in a two-way process. At the same time the Church valorized the presence of the settlers, these had the possibility of settling in the region, and they established a relation of valorization and of importance in the role played by the Church. The Catholic Church, in settling its presence in the region, developed an own strategy of performance with the settlers, using the discourses that made possible to build itself as an institution of single necessity to the settlers, to provide them with “spirituals blessings”. At the same time, it searched to build the settler’s image as an unselfish man to the work and turned to the interests of the group as well. The reception of the catholic discourse and the pastoral actions to make the discourse find receptiveness by the churchgoers it was also an analyzed issue. In pointing out to the construction of the imaginary religious, it searched to investigate from the practices and discourses done by the catholic cleric with the settlers and the way as these were received for the settlers. Many actions were developed by the catholic cleric and continue until today, aiming the best way to get to the churchgoers in the several social levels. The realization of the Vatican Ecumenical Council II was a moment of redefinition of the Catholic Church. The work shows the Catholic Church and its performance in the region and the interferences that it started to suffer from the conciliatory thought that passed it by in a world scope, elaborating again a new concept of Church and the repercussion of this changes in the region. At last, the process of mechanization and urbanization of the field, which was intensified from the decade of 1970, provoked a situation of redefinition of the Church role, which began to remodel its discourses and rebuild other representations before the changes registered at this period. Adding to this, it is realized, that the reception of the discourses by the churchgoers also began to demand, from the speakers, more elaborated and convincing strategies. The conclusive approach of the work consists in the demonstration of the representations built or by the agents of the Church that worked during the process of colonization, or by the agents of the Church that worked during the process of modernization.

This diploma thesis deals with comparison of architectural development of rural municipalities in the selected regions of the Czech Republic. Assessment, which facts in history had an influence for origin buildings in a South Bohemia, but at two different regions, where subject of research was at Soběslavsko-veselská blata and Hlubocko-zbudovská blata. Also it was necessary to emphasize how exceptional and momentous importance has rural municipalities in a history of architecture, which can influence rural development in a future.

The objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the quality of the water after flow through the ponds with conventional (Blatensko, Czech Republic) and organic (Waldviertel, Austria) technologies using the colonization of artificial substrates by macrozoobenthos (MZB) to asses the differences in the influence of different managements of pond farming (organic vs. traditional) on water quality. Samplings were performed in monthly intervals (AprilSeptember 2016) at nine inflow and outflow profiles of four ponds. Samples of MZB were processed in the laboratory. Evaluation of MZB was supplemented by in-situ monitoring of basic parameters of the aquatic environment. The resulting values of saprobic index (SI) match the water quality in outlets in the range valid for the beta to alpha mesosabrobity (SI 2.302.62). In the inlets to the Skaličný and Haslauerteich ponds, where the SI value corresponded the betamesosabrobity (SI 2.482.49), the discharged water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) deteriorated to the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.54 2.62). On the contrary, in the inlet to the Gebhartsteich pond, where the value SI matched the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.57), water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly improved (SI 2.54), but the degree of saprobity has not changed. Similarly, in the inlet to the Pančár pond, where the SI value matched betamesosabrobity (SI 2.30), the outlet water quality was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly deteriorated (SI 2.33), however again the degree of saprobity remained unchanged. Water quality changes after the flow through the investigated ponds resulted in the increase of the diversity index (H´) and vice versa (the worse water quality the lower H´). According to the analysis of the data of environmental conditions in organic and conventional carp ponds, they did not differ significantly. Also the species richness and the total number of individuals were not significantly different. The results of this diploma thesis demonstrated that the applied organic technologies of fish culture in monitored ponds did not have any significant impact (improvement) on the quality of aquatic environment and the composition of macrozoobenthos in the recipients of farm outflows, and also that no significant differences (deterioration) can be documented in the outflows from conventional ponds compared to the organic pond farming management.

Salmonella est la deuxième cause de zoonoses humaines dans l’Union Européenne et représente un enjeu majeur pour la filière porcine. Les sérovars, S. Typhimurium, S. Derby et le variant monophasique de S. Typhimurium sont très prévalents chez le porc et également chez les humains. Les objectifs de ces travaux étaient d’établir la dynamique d’infection chez le porc par Salmonella en condition d’élevage conventionnel et expérimental, d’évaluer le pouvoir colonisateur chez le porc et le pouvoir pathogène chez les humains des trois sérovars. En élevage conventionnel, le suivi sérologique des anticorps anti-Salmonella a permis d’évaluer l’âge moyen de séroconversion à 137 jours et d’identifier un « effet ferme » sur l’âge de séroconversion. Le premier essai en condition expérimentale a mis en évidence que les porcs inoculés avec le variant monophasique de S. Typhimurium excrétaient ce sérovar de façon continue dans les fèces. Aux dates d’autopsies 21, 49 ou 84 jours après inoculation, les salmonelles ont été retrouvées dans les différentes parties de l’intestin, dans les nœuds lymphatiques et à des niveaux très élevés dans les amygdales. Après passage dans le tractus digestif, des profils MLVA différents de celui de la souche inoculée ont été identifiés suggérant que le génome de la souche a évolué. Le deuxième essai visant à comparer le pouvoir colonisateur chez le porc des trois sérovars a montré que la dynamique d’excrétion et de colonisation était similaire quel que soit le sérovar. Cependant, la quantité excrétée était significativement différente ; plus élevée avec le variant monophasique par rapport à S.Typhimurium. Le pouvoir pathogène chez l’homme de 15 souches d’origine porcine appartenant aux 3 sérovars a été évalué in vivo sur un modèle insecte Galleria mellonella, et in vitro sur cellules Caco-2. Les souches se sont révélées être potentiellement virulentes. Sur Caco-2, le variant monophasique avait un pourcentage d’adhésion aux cellules le plus élevé et Derby le plus bas. Différents niveaux de virulence ont été observés entre souches d’un même sérovar. Ce travail a apporté des nouvelles connaissances sur la problématique Salmonella en filière porcine. / Salmonella is the second leading cause of human zoonoses in the European Union and represents a major challenge for the pork industry. Serovars S. Typhimurium, S. Derby and the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium, implicated in human salmonellosis, are highly prevalent in pigs and also in human. The objectives of this research were to establish the infection dynamics in pigs by Salmonella under conventional and experimental rearing conditions, to evaluate pig colonization ability and pathogenicity in humans of the three serovars. In conventional farms, the serological monitoring of Salmonella antibodies allowed to evaluate the average age of seroconversion at 137 days and to identify a "farm effect" on the age of seroconversion. The first trial under experimental conditions revealed that pigs inoculated with the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium excreted this serovar continuously in the feces. At autopsy dates 21, 49 or 84 days after inoculation, Salmonella were found in the different parts of the intestine, in the lymph nodes and at very high levels in the tonsils. After passage through the digestive tract, different MLVA profiles from that of the inoculated strain were identified suggesting that the genome of the strain has evolved. The second attempt to compare the colonizing ability in the pigs of the three serovars showed that the dynamics of excretion and colonization were similar regardless of the serovar. However, the amount excreted was significantly different: higher with the monophasic variant compared to S. Typhimurium. The pathogenicity in humans of 15 strains of porcine origin belonging to the 3 serovars was evaluated in vivo on an insect model Galleria mellonella, and in vitro on Caco-2 cells. The strains were found to be potentially virulent. On Caco-2, the monophasic variant had the highest cell adhesion percentage and Derby, the lowest. Different levels of virulence were observed between strains of the same serovar. This work brought new knowledge on the Salmonella issue in the pig sector.

Submitted by Maurílio Figueiredo (maurilioafigueiredo@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-03-05T20:11:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ColonizaçãoPolíticaNegócios.pdf: 4237431 bytes, checksum: 022bbb225a9fd66e17f9998384bc95db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neide Nativa (neide@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2013-03-18T19:35:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ColonizaçãoPolíticaNegócios.pdf: 4237431 bytes, checksum: 022bbb225a9fd66e17f9998384bc95db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-18T19:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ColonizaçãoPolíticaNegócios.pdf: 4237431 bytes, checksum: 022bbb225a9fd66e17f9998384bc95db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Este trabalho pretende analisar o significado político e econômico da trajetória da Companhia de Navegação e Comércio do Mucuri, empresa fundada em 1847 que atuou no propósito de criar uma nova rota comercial em Minas Gerais. Ao longo da década de 1850, seu principal idealizador, o político liberal Teófilo Benedito Ottoni lançou-se no ambicioso plano de conquista e colonização do vale do Mucuri através da construção de estradas, de núcleos urbanos, de portos e do incremento da imigração estrangeira. O estudo da evolução da empresa entre 1847 e 1863 oferece-nos uma boa mostra de como se movimentavam os interesses políticos e econômicos no complexo cenário do Segundo Reinado. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: This text intend to examine the political and economical meaning of The Commercial and Navigation Company of the Mucuri, which was founded in 1847 and worked with the purpose of creating a new business rote in Minas Gerais. During the 1850´s, the liberal politician Teófilo Benedito Ottoni and the company principal idealist undertook the ambitious plan of conquest and colonization of the Mucuri Valley from the construction of roads, urban centers, ports and from foreigner immigration to the region. The study of the company evolution between 1847 and 1863 offer us a good example of how the political and economical interests surrounded by the complex Second Reign scenery.

MACÊDO, Joemília Conceição Araújo. Distribuição dos grupos funcionais de plantas aquáticas em áreas alagadas costeiras do nordeste brasileiro. 2015. 37 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T23:02:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jcamacedo.pdf: 757018 bytes, checksum: 2b0670a1c0c761b31382f96f37d5ce23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-09-27T23:47:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jcamacedo.pdf: 757018 bytes, checksum: 2b0670a1c0c761b31382f96f37d5ce23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T23:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jcamacedo.pdf: 757018 bytes, checksum: 2b0670a1c0c761b31382f96f37d5ce23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Aquatic plants located in coastal lagoons have functional traits selected by abiotic conditions and related to the history of life, which allowed them to colonization and establishment in these environments. The present study tested the following hypotheses: (1) that the species have a homogeneous pattern of functional traits, resulting in the formation of a few groups; (2) that the limnological variables and soil act as a filter to select those traits and interfere in the distribution of populations in the pond. Thus the functional traits of the species present in a coastal lagoon in northeastern Brazil were analyzed using a sampling transects. Sediment samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory. The limnology parameters were measured in the field, as well as the depth of the water depth and the occurrence of species away from the margin. Biological data showed formation of two functional groups, supporting the first hypothesis. But the abiotic variables were associated with the distribution of a few people, refuting the latter. Thus we conclude that the community of aquatic plants analyzed is formed by similar traits and abiotic effects are not decisive for the formation of these groups. / As plantas aquáticas situadas em lagoas costeiras apresentam traços funcionais selecionados por condições abióticas e relacionados à história de vida, que lhes permitiram a colonização e estabelecimento nesses ambientes. O presente trabalho testou as seguintes hipóteses: (1) que as espécies possuem um padrão homogêneo de traços funcionais, resultando na formação de poucos grupos; (2) que as variáveis limnológicas e pedológicas atuam como filtro que selecionam esses traços e interferem na distribuição das populações na lagoa. Desta forma os traços funcionais das espécies presentes numa lagoa costeira do nordeste brasileiro foram analisados por meio de uma amostragem por transectos. Amostras de sedimento foram retiradas e analisadas em laboratório. Os parâmetros limnológicos foram aferidos em campo, assim como a profundidade da lâmina d’água e a distância de ocorrência das espécies em relação à margem. Os dados biológicos evidenciaram a formação de dois grupos funcionais, corroborando a primeira hipótese. Porém, as variáveis abióticas foram associadas à distribuição de poucas populações, refutando a segunda hipótese. Com isso concluímos que a comunidade de plantas aquáticas analisada é formada por traços semelhantes e os efeitos abióticos não são determinantes para formação destes grupos.

L’irruption du Nouveau Monde dans l’esprit occidental constitue un événement de grande amplitude dans la mesure où il était absent de tout registre historique. Les hommes de lettres, voyageurs et chroniqueurs occidentaux vont interpréter, appréhender et définir cette altérité géographique et humaine en fonction de codes culturels propres du monde occidental aux XVe et XVIe siècles, ce qui leur permettra une appropriation symbolique de l’espace et de la culture de l’autre. La chronique en vers Elegías de varones ilustres, écrite à la fin du XVIe siècle par le curé de la ville de Tunja dans le Nouveau Royaume de Grenade, témoigne de cet effort de mise en écriture d’un monde nouveau dans une époque charnière qui voit naître l’homme et l’État modernes. Le texte de Juan de Castellanos transcrit les enjeux historiques liés à la constitution des nations modernes et du système colonial et au surgissement de l’homme moderne et d’une individualité qui différencie l’homme présent de l’homme passé afin de placer le premier au sommet de la connaissance. Écrire l’histoire est également souligner la place du passé et du présent et prendre conscience du pouvoir que l’homme moderne a pour définir son avenir. La représentation du Nouveau Monde chez Juan de Castellanos reflète également une double appropriation symbolique de l’espace à partir des codes d’écriture propres à son contexte. Son texte transcrit le débat critique qui veut définir et conceptualiser l’écriture historique comme un genre à part entière face à la fiction des novelas. Le texte historico-poétique du curé est le théâtre de cette confrontation qui finira par privilégier la poétisation d’un passé récent, lié aux premières années de la découverte et de la conquête. La représentation des origines et de la découverte du Nouveau Monde devient mythique dans la mesure où elle inaugure une nouvelle étape pour la chrétienté. Quant à l’histoire, elle constituera le cadre idéal pour inscrire les nouveaux peuples et les nouvelles terres dans une démarche colonisatrice en adéquation avec les besoins intégrants de l’Empire Espagnol moderne. / The emergence of the New World into the Western mindset is a major event, principally due to the absence of any historic record. Western intellectuals, travellers and chroniclers have come to interpret, apprehend and define a new geographical and human alterity based in western 15th and 16th century cultural codes, allowing a symbolic appropriation of the space and culture of the “other”. The poetic chronicle Elegías de varones ilustres, written in the late 16th century by a benefice priest from Tunja in the New Kingdom of Granada, is testament to the effort to write about a new world, in a time of transition—at the birth of modern mankind and State. Juan de Castellanos’s text sets out the stakes for the establishment of modern nations and the colonial system, and reflects the surge of modern man and sense of individuality that differentiates modern man from his predecessors. The modern man surpasses the man of the past, by taking on new knowledge of the world as it was. To write history, we need to consider past and present to be aware of modern man’s power to shape his future. The representation of the New World in Juan de Castellanos's work equally reflects a dual symbolic appropriation of space based on cultural codes embedded in their context. Castellano’s book embodies the critical debate that will define and conceptualise historic writing as its own genre, a world away from poetic fiction. Juan de Castellanos’s historic poetry is a battleground that lays the foundations for the poetisation of recent past: the early years of discovering and conquering the New World. The mythification of the New World origins cleared the way for a new stage in Christendom. As history goes, this would constitute the ideal framework to envelop the newly-discovered indigenous people and new lands into a colonisation process that would match the socio-political needs of the modern Spanish empire.