In order to preserve groundwater resources from contamination by volatile organic compounds and to clean up sites contaminated with the compounds, we should understand fate and transport of contaminants in the subsurface systems and physicochemical processes involving remediation technologies. To enhance our understanding, numerical studies were performed on the following topics: (i) multiphase flow and contaminant transport in subsurface environments; (ii) biological transformations of contaminants; (iii) in-situ air sparging (IAS); and, thermal-enhanced venting (TEV). Among VOCs, trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most-frequently-detected chemicals in the contaminated groundwater. TCE and its daughter products (cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC)) are chosen as target contaminants. Density-driven advection of gas phase is generated by the increase in gas density due to vaporization of high-molecular weight contaminants such as TCE in the unsaturated zone. The effect of the density-driven advection on fate and transport of TCE was investigated under several environmental conditions involving infiltration and permeability. Biological transformations of contaminants can generate byproducts, which may become new toxic contaminants in subsurface systems. Sequential biotransformations of TCE, cDCE, and VC are considered herein. Under different reaction rates for two bioreaction kinetics, temporal and spatial concentration profiles of the contaminants were examined to evaluate the effect of biotransformations on multispecies transport. IAS injects clean air into the subsurface below the groundwater table to remediate contaminated groundwater. The movement of gas and the groundwater as a multiphase flow in the saturated zone and the removal of TCE by IAS application were analyzed. Each fluid flow under IAS was examined in terms of saturation levels and fluid velocity profiles in a three-dimensional domain. Several scenarios for IAS systems were simulated to evaluate remedial performance of the systems. TEV was simulated to investigate its efficiency on the removal of a nonaqueous phase liquid in the unsaturated zone under different operational conditions. For numerical studies herein, the governing equations for multiphase flow, multispecies transport, and heat energy in porous media were developed and solved using Galerkin finite element method. A three-dimensional numerical model, called TechFlowMP model, has been developed.

The current environmental status of the majority of Bermuda’s one hundred sixty-six known caves was investigated. This survey replicated a historical cave study performed in 1983, wherein each was analyzed for positive and negative features. Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant difference between the historical and current survey ratings, with an overall decrease in environmental status. A water quality study was performed on twenty different caves with sea level pools in various locations around the island. Nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and phosphate levels were measured from varying depths in these caves. Fifteen of these caves were also tested for the presence of fecal bacterial contamination. High nitrate levels were discovered in some of the caves, particularly in surface samples. Additionally, bacterial contamination was detected in some caves. No obvious relationship between cave size or location and contamination existed for any of the pollutants sampled. Three separate caves from this group were dived and analyzed using a Hydrolab Sonde 3 Multiprobe Logger to acquire in situ water column data including depth, temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Each cave studied had its own unique trends in hydrology at varying depths in the water column. A later water sampling study with a randomized experimental design was created and caves were divided into four classes based on size and location. Surface and subsurface samples were gathered from twelve randomly selected caves, three from each class. Each sample was analyzed for nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia concentrations. The results were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance statistics. A significant difference between the nitrate concentrations in the surface and subsurface water samples was discovered. None of the other comparisons were statistically significant. To represent the data visually, a Bermuda Cave and Karst Information System (BeCKIS) was created using the environmental survey data and water quality information. Some of the maps generated highlighted regions where negative environmental impacts on caves were concentrated geographically, thus demonstrating how this geographic information system could be used as a conservation tool.

There are thousands of subterranean coal fires in the world that, because of incomplete combustion, emit a wide variety of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds to the atmosphere, water, and soil at concentrations that could pose health risks to humans and wildlife. The main goals of this study were to (1) review methods that are used to characterize physical and chemical characteristics of coal-fire sites, (2) determine relationships between gas emissions and physical and chemical characteristics of coal-fire sites, using a combination of regression and multivariate statistical methods, and (3) determine the concentrations of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in water and soil at two coal-fire sites in eastern Kentucky. More specifically: The objective of Chapter 1 was to review past works and list technologies used over time. Eight years of coal-fire collection technologies were reviewed. A variety of methods and technologies were identified. Qualitative and quantitative preferences were noted. The objective of Chapter 2 was to identify and list uncontrolled coal-fire variables. These variables include complete/incomplete combustion; fire temperature and size; distance to fire; relative humidity and moisture in the system; geology, geochemistry, and age of coal; condition of the mine, sampling time of day; sampling equipment differences; and human error. A secondary objective of this chapter was to determine which coal-fire gases have strong relationships by using the principal component analysis (PCA) software JMP. The strongest relationship was between CO and H2S. Temperature and CH4 were also important. This indicates that incomplete combustion and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation are likely occurring, setting the stage for Chapter 3. The objective of Chapter 3 was to identify and define the extent of soil and water hydrocarbon contamination at the Truman Shepherd and Lotts Creek coal fires in eastern Kentucky. No groundwater contamination was detected at either location. Soil contamination was found at both, but was much higher at Lotts Creek, potentially because of sorption onto soil organic matter (which is reduced at Truman Shepherd by an excavation attempt) and other physicochemical mechanisms. Soil contamination was localized to relatively small areas around coal-fire vents. Based on the results, future studies should consider: Attempting to duplicate these results in other geologic regions Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from coal fires to consider their contribution to climate change. Coal-fired power plants are regulated, but coal fires, which produce many more harmful gases, are not Determining the feasibility of an oxygen-injection system to engender more complete combustion, therefore possibly reducing harmful gases Determining the feasibility of electricity production from coal fires Adopting a consistent federal coal-fire policy

The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as (i) covers for arsenic-rich gold mine tailings and landfills, (ii) subsurface barrier for migration of hydrocarbons in the Arctic, and (iii) basal liner for sewage treatment lagoons were examined. After 4 years in field and laboratory experiments, it was found that best cover configuration above gold mine tailings might include a layer of GCL product with polymer-enhanced bentonite and a geofilm-coated carrier geotextile serving above the tailings under ≥ 0.7 m overburden. However, acceptable performance could be achieved with using a standard GCL with untreated bentonite provided that there is a minimum of 0.7 m of cover soil above the GCL. When GCL samples were exhumed from experimental landfill test cover with complete replacement of sodium in the bentonite with divalent cations in the adjacent soil, it was observed that the (i) hydraulic head across the GCLs, (ii) size of the needle-punched bundles, and (iii) structure of the bentonite can all significantly affect the value of the inferred in-situ hydraulic conductivity measured at the laboratory. The higher the hydraulic head and the larger the size of the needle-punched bundles, the higher the likelihood of internal erosion/structural change of bentonite at bundles that will cause a preferential flow for liquids to occur. A key practical implication was that GCLs can perform effectively as a single hydraulic barrier in covers provided that the water head above the GCL kept low. The hydraulic performance of a GCL in the Arctic was most affected by the location within the soil profile relative to the typical groundwater level with the highest increase in the hydraulic conductivity (by 1-4 orders of magnitude) for GCL below the water table. However, because the head required for jet fuel to pass through the GCL was higher than that present under field conditions, there was no evidence of jet fuel leakage through the barrier system. The leakage through GCLs below concrete lined sewage treatment lagoons was within acceptable limits, in large part, due to the low interface transmissivity between GCLs and the overlying poured concrete. / Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-02-28 08:53:29.171

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Thesis (M.S.); Submitted to Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg, MO (US); 17 Dec 2004. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. Kerr, Kent. NNSA Kansas City Site Office (US) NNSA Kansas City Site Office. 12/17/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that at least 75% of infants receive infant formula milk (IFM) either entirely or in conjunction with breast milk during the first four months after birth. The presence of the emerging pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii in IFM has been associated with rare but fatal cases of neonatal infections and deaths. There is thus a need for accurate methods for the rapid detection of E. sakazakii in foods. At present, the methods used to detect and identify this micro-organism are inadequate, controversial and contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable method for E. sakazakii detection after evaluation of the currently available methods. A further aim was to optimise a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of only viable E. sakazakii cells utilising the DNA-intercalating dyes ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium monoazide (PMA). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method for E. sakazakii detection was utilised to select 50 isolates from IFM and 14 from the environment, regardless of colony appearance. These isolates were identified by sequencing a 1.5 kilobase (kb) fragment of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and by using the National Centre for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) database to confirm the closet known relatives. Seven of the 50 (14%) IFM isolates and six of the 14 (43%) environmental isolates were identified as E. sakazakii. The methods that were evaluated for accuracy in detecting and identifying these E. sakazakii isolates included yellow pigment production on tryptone soy agar (TSA), chromogenic Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) and Enterobacter sakazakii (ES) agars and PCR using six different species-specific primer pairs described in the literature. The suitability of the FDA method was lowered by the low sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (87%, 71% and 74%, respectively) of using yellow pigment production for E. sakazakii identification. DFI and ES agars were shown to be sensitive, specific and accurate (100%, 98% and 98%, respectively) for the detection of E. sakazakii. The specificity of the PCR amplifications was found to vary between 8% and 92%, with Esakf and Esakr being the most accurate of the primer pairs evaluated. The current FDA method for E. sakazakii detection requires revision in the light of the availability of more sensitive, specific and accurate detection methods. Based on the results obtained in this study, a new method is proposed for the detection of E. sakazakii in food and environmental samples. This proposed method replaces the culturing steps on violet red bile glucose agar (VRBGA) and TSA with culturing on chromogenic DFI or ES agar. For identification and confirmation of presumptive E. sakazakii isolates, the oxidase test, yellow pigment production and API biochemical profiling is replaced by DNA sequencing and/or species-specific PCR with the most accurate primer pair (Esakf and Esakr). The amendments to the current FDA method will reduce the time to detect E. sakazakii from approximately 7 days to 4 days and should prove to be more sensitive, specific and accurate for E. sakazakii detection. In this study, a novel PCR-based method was developed which was shown to be capable of discriminating between viable and dead E. sakazakii cells. This was achieved utilising the irreversible binding of bacterial DNA to photo-activated PMA or EMA in order to prevent PCR amplification from the dead cells. At concentrations of 50 and 100 μg.ml-1, PMA completely inhibited PCR amplification from dead cells, while causing no significant inhibition of the PCR amplification from viable cells. EMA was equally effective in preventing PCR amplification from dead cells, however, it also inhibited PCR amplification from viable cells. PMA-PCR in particular, will be useful for assessing the efficacy of processing techniques, as well as for monitoring the resistance, survival strategies and stress responses of E. sakazakii. This will be an important step in the efforts to eliminate E. sakazakii from food and food production environments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) beraam dat ten minste 75% van alle babas net baba formule melk (BFM) of BFM in kombinasie met moedersmelk in die eerste vier maande na geboorte kry. Die teenwoordigheid van die voortkomende patogeen Enterobacter sakazakii in BFM is al geassosieer met skaars maar noodlottige gevalle van neonatale infeksies en sterftes. Akkurate metodes word dus benodig vir die vinnige deteksie van E. sakazakii in voedsel. Die metodes wat huidiglik gebruik word vir die deteksie en identifikasie van hierdie mikroörganisme is onvoldoende, kontroversieël en teenstrydig. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die beste metode vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii te bepaal, na 'n evaluasie van die metodes wat huidiglik beskikbaar is. 'n Verdere doel was om 'n polimerase ketting reaksie (PKR) metode vir die deteksie van slegs lewensvatbare E. sakazakii selle te optimiseer deur gebruik te maak van die DNSbindende kleurstowwe, etidium mono-asied (EMA) en propidium mono-asied (PMA). Die Voedsel en Medisyne Administrasie (VMA) se metode vir E. sakazakii deteksie is gebruik om, ongeag van die kolonie kleur, 50 isolate vanuit BFM en 14 isolate vanuit die omgewing te kies. Hierdie isolate is geïdentifiseer deur die DNS volgorde van 'n 1.5 kilo-basis (kb) fragment van die 16S ribosomale DNS (rDNS) te bepaal en die Nationale Sentrum vir Biotegnologiese Informasie (NSBI) databasis te gebruik om die mees verwante spesie te bevestig. Sewe van die 50 (14%) BFM isolate en ses van die 14 (43%) omgewings isolate is geïdentifiseer as E. sakazakii. Die metodes wat geëvalueer is in terme van akkuraatheid vir deteksie en identifikasie van hierdie E. sakazakii isolate het PKR met ses verskillende spesie-spesifieke peiler pare soos beskryf in die literatuur, geel-pigment produksie op triptoon soja agar (TSA) en chromogeniese Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) en Enterobacter sakazakii (ES) agars ingesluit. Die geskiktheid van die VMA metode is verlaag deur die lae sensitiwiteit, spesifisiteit en akkuraatheid (87%, 71% en 74% onderskeidelik) van geel pigment produksie vir E. sakazakii identifikasie. Chromogeniese DFI en ES agars was sensitief, spesifiek en akkuraat (100%, 98% en 98% onderskeidelik) vir die identifikasie van E. sakazakii. Die spesifisiteit van die PKR produkte het gewissel tussen 8% en 92%, en Esakf en Esakr is as die akkuraatste geëvalueerde peiler paar geidentifiseer. Die huidige VMA metode vir E. sakazakii deteksie vereis hersiening aangesien meer sensitiewe, spesifieke en akkurate deteksiemetodes voortdurend beskikbaar word. 'n Nuwe metode, gebaseer op die resultate van hierdie studie, word voorgestel vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii in voedsel- en omgewingsmonsters. Die voorgestelde metode vervang die kwekingsstap op violet rooi gal glukose agar (VRGGA) en TSA deur kweking op chromogeniese DFI of ES agars. Verder word die oksidase toets, geel pigment produksie en API biochemiese profiele van vermoeidelike E. sakazakii isolate vervang deur DNS volgorde bepaling en/of spesie-spesifieke PKR met die mees spesifieke peiler paar (Esakf and Esakf) vir die identifikasie en bevestiging van E. sakazakii. Die voorgestelde wysigings van die VMA metode sal die tydsduur van E. sakazakii identifikasie van 7 dae na 4 dae verminder, en behoort ook meer sensitief, spesifiek en akkuraat te wees vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii. 'n Nuwe PKR-gebaseerde metode wat tussen lewensvatbare en dooie E. sakazakii selle kan onderskei is in hierdie studie ontwikkel. Dit is bereik deur die onomkeerbare binding van bakteriële DNS aan lig-geaktiveerde EMA of PMA om die PKR amplifisering van dooie selle te voorkom. Konsentrasies van 50 en 100 μg.ml-1 PMA het PKR amplifikasie heeltemal geïnhibeer, terwyl geen inhibisie van lewensvatbare selle bespeur kon word nie. EMA was ook suksesvol in die voorkoming van die PKR amplifikasie van dooie selle, alhoewel daar ook 'n mate van DNS inhibisie was tydens die amplifikasie van lewensvatbare selle. PMA-PKR kan ook van nut wees vir die assessering van die doeltreffendheid van prosesseringstegnieke, en ook vir die waarneming van die weerstandigheid, oorlewingsstrategieë en stresresponse van E. sakazakii. Dit sal 'n belangrike stap wees in pogings om E. sakazakii van voedsel en voedsel produksieomgewings te elimineer.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans l’une des thématiques du «Laboratoire MCEMA», ayant pour projet l’étude physico-chimique des eaux de rivière et l’évaluation de l’influence des activités humaines sur la qualité de l’eau de la rivière LITANI. Ce travail est divisé en trois grandes parties. La 1ère partie a consisté d’étudier les paramètres physico-chimiques (T°, pH, EC, TSS, TDS, ion, etc.) au niveau de l’eau. La 2ème partie s’est concentrée autour de l’analyse des sédiments. Nous avons étudié les sédiments de la rivière de Litani, leurs natures, leurs granulométries, leurs propriétés physico-chimiques (charge et surface spécifique), leurs compositions ainsi que leurs contaminations métalliques. Alors que la troisième a été consacrée à l’étude de l’adsorption de certains polluants présents dans l'eau sur du charbon actif afin d’anticiper sur une étude d’avenir servant à traiter les eaux de cette rivière. Les résultats obtenus entrent dans un projet plus général visant l’étude de méthodes développées pour le traitement des eaux / This thesis is part of one of the focus of research at “MCEMA Laboratory” that concerns the physicochemical study of river water and the evaluation of the possible influence of human activities on the water quality of the Litani River. This work is divided into three principal parts. In the first one, we studied the physicochemical parameters (T, pH, EC, TSS, TDS, ions, etc.) of the water. The second part focuses on the sediment analysis. We studied the sediments of Litani River, their nature, size, composition, physicochemical properties (charge and specific surface area) with the metallic contamination. The third par is devoted the adsorption study of certain pollutants present in water on activated coal in order to anticipate on a future study on the treatment of the water river. The obtained results fall within a broader project on the study of developed methods on the treatment of wastewater

No description available.

53% du lait produit à Veracruz est utilisé pour la fabrication des fromages, mais ce lait n’est soumis à aucune analyse de la qualité, de sorte que le contenu des polluants tels que les pesticides et les mycotoxines pourraient se concentrer sur les fromages. Les pesticides, tels que les organochlorés (POC), peuvent augmenter l'incidence du cancer et jouer le rôle de perturbateur endocrinien ; tandis que les mycotoxines, telles que les aflatoxines (AF): l'aflatoxine M1 (AFM1) et l'aflatoxine M2 (AFM2), sont considérées comme cancérigènes. La consommation de fromage avec ces toxines peut mettre en danger la santé du consommateur, cependant, il y a peu de rapports sur la concentration de ces composés et la consommation de fromages par la population de Veracruz. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer le risque pour la santé dû à la consommation de fromage (frais et Oaxaca) contaminé par les POC, AFM1 et AFM2. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des fromages frais et Oaxaca ont été échantillonnés au hasard dans 40 points de vente dans la ville de Veracruz, au cours de trois années différentes (2014, 2015 et 2016), couvrant les périodes sèches et pluvieuses. La concentration de POC (n = 20) a été quantifiée par CG-MS et celle des AF par HPLC. Pour obtenir des données sur la consommation de fromage, deux questionnaires ont été utilisés: un pour la fréquence d'achat (n = 100) et un journal alimentaire pour 7 jours (n = 309 pour chaque type de fromage). L'évaluation des risques par exposition de la population à l'AFM1 a été évaluée à l'aide de la combinaison des fonctions de densité de probabilité (PDF) de la concentration AF, de la consommation de fromage Oaxaca et du poids corporel (méthodologie probabiliste). Seulement dans 5% des échantillons de fromage Oaxaca, les POC ont été détectés mais dans des valeurs inférieures à la limite de quantification (LOQ = 0,01 mg kg-1), ce qui montre que l'exposition des consommateurs aux POC est faible. La consommation moyenne de fromage frais et Oaxaca était de 50,9 g personne-1 d-1 et 47,8 g personne-1 d-1, respectivement. Seulement dans 37% des échantillons de fromage Oaxaca, la concentration d'AFM1 et dans 10% pour l'AFM2, était supérieure à la valeur établie par la Commission européenne de 0,05 μg kg-1. L'exposition des enfants (5,9 ug de poids corporel AFM1 1 kg d-1 et 0,5 pg de poids corporel 1 AFM2 kg d-1) était supérieure à celle observée chez les adultes (2,32 g AFM1 kg de poids corporel -1 d-1 et 0,2 μg de AFM2 kg de poids corporel-1 d-1). La prise en compte d'un TDI de 1 ng kg-1 pc par jour-1 ,les résultats indiquent que la santé de 72,8% et 51% des enfants et des adultes respectivement population de la ville de Veracruz, est à risque de manger du fromage Oaxaca contaminés par l'AFM1 et environ 13% et 3% respectivement de la population des enfants et des adultes, en raison de la consommation de AFM2. La présente étude est la première enquête sur l'exposition de la population de Veracruz à des fromages contaminés par AFM1 et AFM2. / About 53 % of the milk produced in Veracruz is used for the manufacture of artisanal cheeses, however this milk is not subjected to any quality analysis, so the content of contaminants such as pesticides and mycotoxins could be found in cheeses. Pesticides, such as organochlorines (POCs), can increase the incidence of cancer and act as an endocrine disruptor; Additionally mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin M2 (AFM2), are considered carcinogenic. The consumption of cheese with these toxins can put the health of the consumer at risk; however, there are only reports on the concentration of these compounds in cheeses, and cheese data consumption by the population of Veracruz are not available. The objective of this work was to evaluate the health risk due to the consumption of contaminated cheese (fresh and Oaxaca) with POC's and AFM1. In order to attain this objective, fresh and Oaxaca cheeses were randomly sampled at 40 groceries in Veracruz city, in three different years (2014, 2015 and 2016), covering periods of drought and rain. The concentration of POC's (n= 20) was quantified by CG-MS and that of AFs by HPLC. Cheese intake data were obtained from a purchase frequency questionnaire (n = 100) and from a 7 days food diary questionnaire (n = 309 for each type cheese). The risk assessment for exposure of the population to AFM1 was calculated by the combination of probability density functions (PDF) of AFM1 concentration, Oaxaca cheese consumption and body weight (probabilistic methodology). POCs were detected only in 5 % of the samples at concentrations above the quantification limit (LOQ = 0.01 mg kg-1), which showst that consumer exposure is low. The average consumption of fresh and Oaxaca cheese was 50.9 g person-1 d-1 and 47.8 g person-1 d-1, respectively. Only in 37 % of Oaxaca cheese samples, the concentration of AFM1 and in the 10 samples of AFM2 was higher than the value established by the European Commission of 0.05 μg kg-1. The exposure of children (5.9 μg AFM1 kg body weight-1 d-1 and 0.5 μg AFM2 kg body weight-1 d-1) was higher than found in adults (2.32 μg AFM1 kg body weight-1 d-1 and 0.2 μg AFM2 kg body weight-1 d-1). Taking into account a TDI of 1 ng kg-1 pc d-1 the results indicated that health that the 72.8 % And 51% of the adult and child population, respectively, of the population of Veracruz city is at for consuming contaminated Oaxaca cheese with AFM1 and about 13% and 3% of the infant and adult population, respectively, due to the consumption of AFM2. The present study is the first research on the exposure of Veracruz population concerning contaminated cheeses with AFM1 and AFM2. / El 53 % de la leche producida en Veracruz se utiliza para fabricación de quesos artesanales, sin embargo esta leche no es sometida a ningún análisis de calidad, por lo que el contenido de contaminantes como plaguicidas y micotoxinas podrían concentrarse en los quesos. Los plaguicidas, como los organoclorados (POC’s), pueden aumentar la incidencia de cáncer y funcionar como disruptor endócrino; mientras que las micotoxinas, como las aflatoxinas (AFs): Aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) y Aflatoxina M2 (AFM2), son consideradas cancerígenas. El consumo de queso con estos tóxicos puede poner en riesgo la salud del consumidor, sin embargo, existen pocos reportes de la concentración de estos compuestos y el consumo de quesos por la población de Veracruz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el riesgo a la salud por el consumo de queso (fresco y Oaxaca) contaminado con POC’s, AFM1 y AFM2. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se muestrearon aleatoriamente quesos fresco y Oaxaca en 40 puntos de venta de la ciudad de Veracruz, en tres años diferentes (2014, 2015 y 2016), abarcando periodos de secas y de lluvias. La concentración de POC’s (n = 20) se cuantificó por CG-MS y la de AFs por HPLC. Para la obtención de datos de ingesta de queso, se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: uno de frecuencia de compra (n = 100) y un diario de alimentos de 7 días (n = 309 para cada tipo de queso). La evaluación del riesgo por exposición de la población a AFM1 se evaluó a través de la combinación de las funciones de densidad de probabilidad (PDF) de la concentración de AFs, del consumo de queso Oaxaca y del peso corporal (metodología probabilística). Sólo en el 5 % de las muestras de queso Oaxaca se detectaron POC’s pero en valores inferiores al límite de cuantificación (LOQ = 0.01 mg kg-1), lo que muestra que la exposición del consumidor a los POC’s es baja. El consumo promedio de queso fresco y Oaxaca fue de 50.9 g persona-1 d-1 y 47.8 g persona-1 d-1, respectivamente. Sólo en el 37 % de las muestras de queso Oaxaca, la concentración de AFM1 y en el 10 % para la AFM2, fue mayor al valor establecido por la Comisión Europea de 0.05 μg kg-1. La exposición de los niños (5.9 μg de AFM1 kg de peso corporal-1 d-1 y 0.5 μg de AFM2 kg de peso corporal-1 d-1) fue mayor que la encontrada en adultos (2.32 μg de AFM1 kg de peso corporal-1 d-1 y 0.2 μg de AFM2 kg de peso corporal-1 d-1). Teniendo en cuenta una TDI de 1 ng kg-1 pc día-1 los resultados indicaron que la salud del 72.8 % y el 51 % de la población infantil y adulta, respectivamente, de la ciudad de Veracruz, está en riesgo por consumir queso Oaxaca contaminado con AFM1 y cerca del 13 % y 3 % de la población infantil y adulta respectivamente, debido al consumo de AFM2. El presente estudio es la primera investigación sobre la exposición de la población veracruzana a quesos contaminados con AFM1 y AFM2.