Research on projectably multi-unit tellings (e.g., stories) has largely focused on their contexts of emergence, beginnings, endings, and uptakes (or lack thereof), rather than on their ‘middles.’ The relatively small literature on such ‘middles’ has focused on different types of responsive behaviors when they do occur (e.g., continuers). However, there is virtually no research on relevance rules that might systematically organize these ‘middles,’ including the production of responsive behaviors (or lack thereof) and the management of intersubjectivity. This thesis describes and defends one such relevance rule: Advisors are strongly accountable for responding – either vocally and/or nonvocally – at each and every complex possible-completion place. This relevance rule provides an inferential framework with which to monitor and manage advisors’ understanding of ‘middle’ units. The method used is conversation analysis – including the analysis of deviant cases – complemented by the coding of data and resultant distributional patterns. Data are dual-camera-videotaped, drop-in, advising sessions conducted in English between 20 non-native-English-speaking international students and native-English-speaking advisors working for a university's Office of International Affairs. Specifically, data involve students’ projectably multi-unit problem presentations (e.g., related to Visa status, course scheduling, international travel, housing, etc.).

This study looks at what happens in informal conversations between three people with learning difficulties (intellectual impairment) and a range of non-disabled partners. It takes a participatory approach using data collected by the participants with learning difficulties who chose their communication partners; these partners included family and staff who were paid to support them. The study uses descriptive statistics to highlight areas where there was apparent asymmetry in the conversations. Conversation Analysis combined with features taken from Systemic Functional Linguistics is then used to look in detail at some of these aspects. Important features identified include turn design, repair, and the use of evaluative language and the contribution of non-verbal aspects in particular eye gaze, gesture and the use of artefacts. The study highlights possible strategies for assessing and supporting more effective and equitable interaction for those with learning difficulties and communication impairment and identifies features that should be considered when training professionals working in the field of learning difficulties.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Ce travail de thèse se donne pour objectif d’analyser des pratiques interactionnelles de réunions professionnelles en interrelation avec les technologies. La webconférence est un système de réunion à la convergence de l’audioconférence et d’un support web permettant de gérer la réunion, de chatter, de partager des applications, un écran, des présentations ou des documents. En nous appuyant sur une collection d’enregistrements audiovisuels de situations réelles d’usage de webconférences, nous analysons comment les participants tiennent compte des spécificités de l’environnement sociotechnique et mobilisent les ressources (verbales, non-verbales, artefactuelles) dans l’organisation située de leurs actions.Nous traitons l’organisation transitionnelle complexe de l’entrée en réunion à l’ouverture de la séance. Nous montrons comment des séquences spécifiques reconfigurent les ouvertures des réunions et nous interrogeons les spécificités des cadres de participation qui émergent dans ces dispositifs. La mise en relation des personnes par webconférence ou audioconférence se produit sur le modèle de l’entrée et non plus sur celui de la sommation qui distribue les identités d’appelant et d’appelé dans les appels dyadiques. C’est d’abord le répertoire de pratiques pour « entrer en réunion » qui fait l’objet de notre analyse. Nous examinons ensuite la paire relationnelle standardisée participant/modérateur vers laquelle les membres s’orientent pour organiser la parole à l’entrée. Enfin, nous étudions les procédures systématiques et multimodales pour retarder le début de l’activité (la pré-réunion) et pour accomplir une transition vers l’activité de réunion. / This research aims at analyzing members’ interactional procedures interrelated with technology in professional distant work meetings. Webconference is a kind of audioconference system enhanced by web features allowing the users to manage the gathering, to chat, and to share screen, presentation, documents or applications. Based on video recordings of naturally occurring webconferences in work setting, the thesis analyzes how members take into account the specificities of the sociotechnical environment and mobilize verbal, nonverbal, and artefactual resources in order to accomplish situated actions. The study analyzes the complex transitional accomplishment of entering the meeting when opening the session. I examine how specific sequences reconfigure the way a meeting is opened and how the frame participation emerges in this specific distant setting. Opening and sustaining social relations in webconferences (and audioconferences as well) are not produced anymore within the model of a dyadic telephone call, where the ring produces a summons which makes relevant the standardized relational pair caller/called and organizes the call. Webconference is based on the model of the entrance. I analyze the repertoire of practices used by members to achieve the entrance into the meeting. I examine how a new standardized relational pair participant/moderator is made relevant to achieve and organize talk. At last I study systematic and multimodal procedures to delay the start of the meeting (pre-meeting) and to achieve a transition toward its beginning.

1 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze communication functions, verbal and nonverbal means of compliments in Czech which occur in private informal discourse. Material for this analysis was collected from audiovisual and audio recordings of communication between family members and friends. As for the identification of the communication functions of compliments the method of conversation analysis was chosen. Functional classification was created based on the location of compliments in global organization of conversation, linguistic form of compliments and actions that compliments are performing or accompanying. Another part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of verbal and nonverbal means used at complimenting. The structures, lexical units and the most significant nonverbal means used in the production of compliments were identified. For the purpose of comprehensive description of compliment sequences we also analyze reactions to compliments.

This study examines the relationship between types of gestures and instances of self-initiated self-repair (SISR) used by persons with non-fluent aphasia (NFA), which is a type of aphasia characterized by stilted speech or signing (Papathanasiou et al., 2013), in interactions with clinicians. Conversation repairs in this study are assessed using the framework of Conversation Analysis (CA), which is an approach for describing, analyzing, and understanding social interaction (Sidnell, 2010). Previous linguistic studies have demonstrated a distinct preference for the use of gesture during a repair by persons with aphasia (Goodwin, 1995; Klippi, 2015; Wilkinson, 2013). This study draws more conclusive generalizations than previous studies about the types of gesture used in successful and unsuccessful SISR by persons with NFA through the use of the AphasiaBank corpus. Results show that there does not appear to be a connection between the overall frequencies of gesture used by persons with NFA during a phase of the repair mechanism as compared to other phases in the repair mechanism. Additionally, there is a slight tendency in this dataset for persons with NFA to have more successful repairs when they use gesture during the initiation and reparable portions of the repair mechanism.

Ce travail s’est donné pour objectif d’étudier les unités polylexématiques (mots complexes, groupes ou énoncés) idiomatiques telles qu’elles sont employées dans l’interaction orale. L’étude s’inscrit dans la perspective de l’analyse conversationnelle, d’une part, reposant sur un corpus (allemand et français) de radio libre antenne comprenant douze heures d’enregistrement, et dans la perspective de l’analyse du discours, d’autre part, puisqu’une large place est accordée au type de discours à l’œuvre, marqué par les récits d’émotions et d’expérience. Quelles spécificités caractérisent les unités polylexématiques idiomatiques dans leur emploi ? Quelles particularités, sur le plan cognitif notamment, se font jour ? Quelle est leur ampleur réelle dans l’interaction orale ? Entravent-elles ou facilitent-elles l’intercompréhension ? Tels sont les questionnements au cœur de ce travail. L’environnement discursif des unités étudiées révèle, à l’échelle nanostructurelle, des caractéristiques telles que leur polyfonctionnalité communicative et leur nodalité dans le discours. À une échelle microstructurelle, l’analyse des échanges met au jour des fonctions (d’illustration, de dissimulation, et de représentation) et une disposition à la persistance cognitive de ces unités. Dans ces observations transparaissent les propriétés fondamentales des unités au cœur de ce travail : la stabilité et l’idiomaticité. Elles prennent cependant une tout autre dimension, et revêtent d’autres formes d’apparition, dans la confrontation à un corpus d’interaction orale. / This work set out to study polylexematic units (complex words, phrases or utterances) in their use in oral interaction. The research is grounded in the framework of conversation analysis on the one hand, with the data coming from a German and French corpus comprised of twelve hours worth’ of phone-in radio. It also relies on discourse analysis insofar as particular attention is paid to the type of discourse under scrutiny, marked by emotionally and experientially charged stories. What specific features characterize idiomatic polylexematic units in use? What specificities are brought to light, especially at the cognitive level? What is their actual extent in oral interaction? Do they hinder or facilitate mutual understanding? Those are the issues at stake in this work. At the nanostructural level, the discursive environment of the units under scrutiny reveals features such as their communicative polyfunctionality or their nodality in speech. At the microstructural level, the analysis of the exchanges brings to light functions of illustration, dissimulation and representation as well as these units’ disposition for cognitive persistence. These observations make apparent the fundamental properties of the units at stake in this work: stability and idiomaticity. They nevertheless take on a whole new dimension and appear in different forms when confronted to a corpus of oral interaction.

How one behaves after interacting with a friend may not be the same as before the interaction began What factors a ect the formation of social interactions between people and, once formed, how do social interactions leave lasting changes on individual behavior? In this dissertation, a thorough review and conceptual synthesis is provided Major features of coordination dynamics are demonstrated with examples from both the intrapersonal and interpersonal coordination literature that are interpreted via a conceptual scheme, the causal loops of coordination dynamics An empirical, behavioral study of interpersonal coordination was conducted to determine which spontaneous patterns of coordination formed and whether a remnant of the interaction ensued ("social memory") To assess social memory in dyads, the behavior preceding and following episodes of interaction was compared In the experiment, pairs of people sat facing one another and made continuous flexion-extension finger movements while a window acted as a shutter to control whether partners saw each other's movements Thus, vision ("social contact") allowed spontaneous information exchange between partners through observation Each trial consisted of three successive intervals lasting twenty seconds: without social contact ("me and you"), with social contact ("us"), and again without ("me and you") During social contact, a variety of patterns was observed ranging from phase coupling to transient or absent collective behavior Individuals also entered and exited social coordination differently In support of social memory, compared to before social contact, after contact ended participants tended to remain near each other's movement frequency Furthermore, the greater the stability of coupling, the more similar the partners' post-interactional frequencies were Proposing that the persistence of behavior in the absence of information exchange was the result of prior frequency adaptation, a mathematical model of human movement was implemented with Haken-Kelso-Bunz oscillators that reproduced the experimental findings, even individual dyadic patterns Parametric manipulations revealed multiple routes to persistence of behavior via the interplay of adaptation and other HKB model parameters The experimental results, the model, and their interpretation form the basis of a proposal for future research and possible therapeutic applications / Includes bibliography / Dissertation (PhD)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016 / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Ancrée dans une perspective interactionnelle, cette thèse présente une analyse du phénomène de refus. À partir de sa caractérisation en tant que deuxième partie de paire adjacente, nous avons constitué une collection d’occurrences, issues de corpus audiovisuels documentant plusieurs types d’interaction (conversations entre amis, préparations de repas, interactions en site commercial, visites guidées). Nous avons proposé une transcription détaillée des extraits retenus, qui rend compte des productions verbales ainsi que de la multimodalité. Sous le double angle de vue de la linguistique interactionnelle et de la macrosyntaxe aixoise, nous avons mené une analyse combinée afin de proposer des caractérisations à la fois séquentielles et syntaxiques des actions initiatives et réactives dans les échanges comportant un refus. La première partie analytique de la thèse porte sur le refus d’un objet, la deuxième partie examine le refus d’une réponse incorporée dans la formulation d’une demande de confirmation. Nous avons ainsi fait dialoguer dans une démarche opérationnelle deux approches qui opèrent dans le champ de la langue parlée en interaction. Les analyses multimodales et interactionnelles nous ont conduit à l’individuation de motifs séquentiels, pour lesquels nous avons également pu dégager une caractérisation macrosyntaxique. Dans ce travail, la négation est étroitement liée à la réalisation du refus, elle est considérée à la fois à travers les ressources verbales qui permettent de l’exprimer et dans ses manifestations physiques (secouements de tête, gestes manuels, expressions mimiques). / Our research focuses on rejection in conversation, from an interactional linguistic perspective. Rejection is sequentially characterized as a second pair part. Our analysis is based on a collection of instances from naturally occurring video data (ordinary conversations, dinner conversations, interactions in commercial settings, meal preparations, guided tours). We propose a fine-grained transcription of conversational excerpts, taking into account multimodal and verbal resources. From a perspective relying on interactional linguistics and Aix macrosyntax, we carry out a mixed analysis in order to study both sequential and syntactic characterizations of initiative and reactive actions in sequences involving rejection.The first part of our study focuses on the rejection of concrete offers dealing with objects, the second part concerns rejections of candidate answers dealing with confirmation requests. Our research is grounded in talk-in-interaction and we mobilize two approaches that operate in this field. The multimodal and interactional analysis allows us to highlight sequential patterns, which can also be characterized in macrosyntactic terms. In our data, negation is closely connected to the realization of rejection: it is considered both through the verbal resources that enable it to be expressed and in its physical manifestations (head shakes, hand gestures, facial expressions).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evandro Santos Reis.pdf: 1668303 bytes, checksum: 54b6d723a5534605fddbb511f0d9acd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-13 / This research presents study about the interaction and conversational of the character´s dialogue made. The aimed objective is to examine the interaction and the strategies that interactants use during the oral communication face to face. To do so, we have used the play thay do not wear black tie as our corpus. We seek in this play strategies of which the characters are worthy at the interaction, taking into account the contextual situations and relationships that involves them. We also seek to analyze the implicit messages present in the character´s speeches of the text we have chosen for our research. We seek to achieve the purposes of the study supported by the concepts and theoretical frameworks of sociolinguistics, discourse analysis and conversation analysis. This research enabled us to realize that it is possible to consider a dialogue made as a model of communicative competence, in which participants use discursive strategies as metamessages to achieve their goals at the time interaction / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a interação e as estratégias conversacionais das personagens do diálogo construído. O objetivo visado é a análise da interação e das estratégias que os interactantes utilizam durante a interlocução a comunicação oral face a face. Para tanto, utilizamos a peça Eles não usam black-tie como nosso corpus. Buscamos na obra as estratégias das quais as personagens se valem na interação, considerando a situação contextual que as envolvem e as relações entre elas. Também buscamos analisar as mensagens implícitas presentes nas falas das personagens do texto que escolhemos para nossa pesquisa. Procuramos atingir os propósitos do estudo amparados pelos conceitos e arcabouços teóricos da Sociolinguística, da Análise do discurso e da Análise da conversação. A pesquisa nos possibilitou perceber que é possível considerar um diálogo construído como um modelo de competência comunicativa, em que os participantes utilizam estratégias discursivas como a metamensagens para atingir seus objetivos no ato interacional