Este trabalho se propõe a examinar aspectos de engenharia, particularmente da engenharia hidráulica, referentes aos impactos dos aproveitamentos hidrelétricos sobre deslocamentos migratórios ascendentes de peixes, buscando identificar medidas para a redução da eventual mortalidade de peixes, em tubos de sucção de turbinas e em regiões de restituição do escoamento de vertedouros, e descrever os sistemas de transposição de peixes usuais, com destaque para escadas de peixes tipo ranhura vertical. A revisão bibliográfica se inicia abordando migrações de peixes e o impacto causado pela implantação de usinas hidrelétricas, vindo, em seguida, aspectos hidráulicos relativos a barreiras para o impedimento da entrada de peixes em tomadas dágua e sua possível aplicação para tubos de sucção de turbinas. São relatados estudos de casos relativos à implantação de canais de restituição em vertedouros, para evitar a mortalidade de peixes, eventualmente aprisionados em poços e depressões na região de restituição do escoamento vertido, quando esta não possui água permanentemente, após o fechamento das comportas. A revisão da literatura prossegue tratando de sistemas usuais de transposição de peixes para montante, de acordo com a experiência internacional e, também, com a experiência nacional recente. Em seguida, são apresentados estudos em modelo reduzido realizados para a avaliação e caracterização de escoamentos em tanques de algumas escadas de peixes tipo ranhura vertical, tanto com seção transversal retangular, que constituem solução clássica, quanto com seção transversal trapezoidal, com caráter inédito na literatura, que possui, comparativamente, menores custos de implantação, descrevendo-se as instalações experimentais utilizadas, os ensaios realizados e os resultados obtidos, com a discussão de aspectos hidráulicos e de ictiofauna. Conclui-se que as soluções mais promissoras para reduzir a mortalidade de peixes são grades metálicas e barreiras comportamentais sonoras e elétricas, na saída de tubos de sucção, bem como a implantação de canais de restituição do escoamento de vertedouros. Conclui-se, também, que escadas de peixe tipo ranhura vertical com seção transversal trapezoidal fornecem condições de escoamento adequadas, compatíveis com os supostos requisitos natatórios das diferentes espécies de peixes em suas migrações ascendentes, além de exigirem menores investimentos de implantação, quando comparadas com escadas com seção transversal retangular. Recomenda-se que sejam feitos estudos e monitoramentos de ictiofauna específicos para subsidiar projetos de engenharia nessa área. / This work aims to examine engineering, mainly hydraulic engineering, aspects related to the effects of hydroelectric dams on upstream fish migration, identifying possible measures for the reduction of fish mortality, inside turbines draft tubes and in the region downstream from spillways, and describing the most common upstream fish passages, mainly vertical slot fishways. The literature review starts with fish migrations and the effects of dams and reservoir on fishes, followed by hydraulic aspects of barriers to prevent fish entrance in water intakes and their possible application to turbine draft tubes. Case studies are reported concerning the construction of spillway exit channels to avoid the possible mortality of fish entrapped in depressions and pools in the old riverbed, when it`s not permanently flooded, after the closure of the spillway gates. The literature review proceeds with the most common upstream fish passages, according to the international experience and to the recent Brazilian`s experience. Next, the hydraulic model studies developed for evaluation and characterization of flow inside pools of vertical slot fishways are described, for the classical rectangular cross section, as well as for trapezoidal ones, not presented in the literature so far, which have comparatively lower costs, detailing the experimental arrangements, the experiments and experimental results, with discussions on hydraulic and ichthyofauna aspects. Its concluded that the most promising solutions to reduce fish mortality are fish screens and sound and electric behavioural barriers, at the exit of draf tubes, and the construction of spillway exit channels. Its also concluded that vertical slot fishways with trapezoidal cross sections provide good flow conditions, meeting the supposed swimming requirements of different fish species on their upstream migrations, with lower capital costs than classical fishways, with rectangular cross sections. Its recommended that specific ichthyofauna studies and monitoring be developed to subsidize engineering design in this field.

nÃo hà / Durante os anos anteriores, mas sobretudo a partir da dÃcada de 1990, pesquisadores tÃm chamado a atenÃÃo para um campo emergente de estudos formados pela confluÃncia de ambientalismo e movimentos sociais, vertente polÃtica bastante promissora jà que integra demandas universalistas ao invÃs de particularistas, como à o caso da maioria dos movimentos sociais mais contemporÃneos. Como este campo à emergente e, portanto desafiador, pareceu-me pertinente propor como objeto de investigaÃÃo as relaÃÃes entre a questÃo ambiental e um movimento social especÃfico â o Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB), partindo da hipÃtese de que a as questÃes relativas ao meio ambiente deveriam receber um lugar de destaque na pedagogia e na metodologia deste movimento em razÃo de sua prÃpria natureza polÃtica. PorÃm, a partir da pesquisa e anÃlise dos documentos produzidos pelo MAB decidi verificar, atravÃs de um estudo de caso â e utilizando a observaÃÃo participante como mÃtodo â como a relaÃÃo entre a questÃo ambiental e a participaÃÃo polÃtica se configurava no cotidiano de moradores atingidos por barragens. Para proceder a esta verificaÃÃo escolhi a barragem do CastanhÃo, localizada no MÃdio Jaguaribe, CearÃ, e o reassentamento rural Novo Alagamar que à Ãpoca da pesquisa (2004-2005) jà obtivera resultados polÃticos considerÃveis atravÃs do apoio e da militÃncia no MAB. Os dados apresentados e discutidos neste trabalho, com apoio de textos teÃricos atuais, confirmam que a temÃtica ambiental à tÃo integrada na ideologia do MAB â seja na identificaÃÃo de problemas ou nas formas emergenciais de solucionÃ-los, que este movimento jà conseguiu, em diÃlogo com movimentos internacionais similares, produzir uma reflexÃo crÃtica sobre o modelo de polÃticas energÃticas e hÃdricas no momento histÃrico atual do modo de produÃÃo capitalista, comumente denominado globalizaÃÃo. Esta pesquisa tambÃm constatou que os moradores do reassentamento Novo Alagamar possuem uma compreensÃo do significado de meio ambiente e educaÃÃo ambiental, embora nÃo utilizem essas terminologias produzidas pela cultura institucional brasileira. Todos os dados obtidos por meio da observaÃÃo participante â o mÃtodo considerado como o mais adequado para registro de concepÃÃes implÃcitas â revelaram que, para os moradores do reassentamento, o ambiente à concebido como historicizado, isto, à inseparÃvel do ser humano e do universo social. / During the previous years, but above all starting in the 90âs, researchers have been calling the attention for an emerging field of studies composed by the confluence of environmentalism and social movements, a quite promising political trend since it integrates universalistic demands instead of particularistic ones, as it is the case of the majority of the most contemporary social movements. As this is an emerging field, and therefore a challenging one, I have found it pertinent to propose as an investigation object the relationships between the environmental issue and an specific social movement â the Affected by Dams Movement (MAB), based on the hypothesis that environmental issues should receive a prominent place in the pedagogy and methodology of this movement due to its own political nature. However, considering the research and analysis of the documents produced by the MAB, I have decided to verify through a case study â and using the participating observation as a method â how the relationship between the environmental issue and the political participation was configured in the daily routine of the residents affected by dams. To carry out this verification I have chosen the CastanhÃo Dam, located in the Middle Jaguaribe, CearÃ, and the Novo Alagamar rural resettling, which at the time of the research (2004-2005) had already obtained considerable political results through the support and militancy in the MAB. The data presented and discussed in this work, with the support of current theoretical texts, have confirmed that the environmental theme is very integrated in the ideology of the MAB â either in the identification of problems or in the emergent ways of solving them, this movement has already achieved, in dialogues with similar international movements, to produce a critical reflection on the model of energy and water policies in the current historical moment of the capitalist production way, commonly denominated globalization. This research has also verified that the residents of the Novo Alagamar resettling have an understanding of the environment meaning and environmental education, although they do not use those terminologies produced by the Brazilian institutional culture. All the data obtained through the participating observation â considered as the most appropriate method for the registration of implicit conceptions â have revealed that for the residents of the resettling, the atmosphere is conceived as historicized, that is, inseparable from the human being and social universe.

O presente trabalho se propõe a estabelecer uma comparação entre os resultados de ensaios em modelo físico da Caixa Espiral de uma turbina tipo Kaplan, caso da Barragem Nova Avanhandava, e os resultados de auscultação do protótipo, através de uma comparação intermediária com modelos numéricos, baseados no Método dos Elementos Finitos. São mostrados os procedimentos seguidos na construção e ensaios do modelo físico, os métodos utilizados na coleta e análise de dados de auscultação da barragem, e as modelagens plana e tridimensional para processamento numérico. / This work aims to establish a comparison between the results of tests on a physical model of the spiral box of a turbine Kaplan type (that is the case of Nova Avanhandava Power Plant), and the results of auscultation of the prototype by means of an intermediary comparison using numeric models based on the Finite Element Method. It is presented the proceedings followed in the construction and tests of the physical model, the methods used in the collection and analysis of data of the auscultation of the dam, and the plane and tridimensional modelling for numeric processing.

褚涓. / "2010年9月". / "2010 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-106). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Chu Juan. / 論文摘要 --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究背景與研究問題 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 理論文獻綜述 --- p.4 / “碎片化的權威主義´ح與“多元化´ح --- p.5 / 中國環保NGO的政治闡釋 --- p.11 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究設計 --- p.16 / 研究對象 --- p.16 / 研究意義 --- p.17 / 資料收集 --- p.20 / 文章結構 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二章 --- 水壩政治的制度環境變遷 --- p.21 / Chapter 第一節 --- 水電體制改革：行動者與利益 --- p.23 / 水電管理與投資體制改革 --- p.23 / 水電的規劃與決策 --- p.26 / Chapter 第二節 --- 官僚政治：環保總局分享決策權 --- p.29 / 環保總局的“升遷´ح之路 --- p.29 / 環評制衡水電開發 --- p.30 / Chapter 第三節 --- 公民社會政治：環保NGO結緣江河開發 --- p.33 / 都江堰“保衛戰´ح --- p.34 / 漫灣電站社會影響評估 --- p.36 / Chapter 第三章 --- “保留一條原始生態江´ؤ´ؤ怒江！ ´ح --- p.38 / Chapter 第一節 --- 怒江水電開發政策議題的開端 --- p.38 / 怒江水電項目的由來 --- p.38 / 環保總局發力 --- p.40 / Chapter 第二節 --- 環保NGO的初期動員 --- p.44 / 掀起媒體“風暴´ح --- p.44 / 遊說官員 --- p.47 / 尋求國際社會的支援 --- p.49 / NGO之間的聯盟 --- p.S1 / 深入怒江考察和調研 --- p.52 / 通過兩會提案保護怒江 --- p.54 / Chapter 第三節 --- 總理批示：“慎重研究、科學決策´ح --- p.55 / 政府内部的角力 --- p.55 / 爭論聲中叫停 --- p.57 / Chapter 第四節 --- 社區行動與政府的反應 --- p.59 / 綠色流域走進社區 --- p.59 / 遭到打壓 --- p.62 / Chapter 第四章 --- 新一輪的挑戰與動員 --- p.65 / Chapter 第一節 --- 轉折：總理再次批示 --- p.65 / “傳媒戰´ح受挫與院士考察團訪問怒江 --- p.65 / 地方政府遊說中央 --- p.67 / Chapter 第二節 --- 環保NGO的第二輪動員 --- p.69 / 呼吁知情权与参与权 --- p.69 / 啟動法律工具 --- p.71 / Chapter 第三節 --- 陷入膠著 --- p.72 / 官方的表態 --- p.72 / 環保NGO的後續倡導 --- p.75 / Chapter 第四節 --- 虎跳峽、小南海電站再掀波瀾 --- p.77 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結論：決策開放化的解讀 --- p.80 / 政府的“碎片化´ح與“權威´ح --- p.82 / 利益代表：有序的政治參與官僚包辦 --- p.85 / 公眾參與的“陷阱´ح --- p.92 / 參考文獻 --- p.99 / 附件：訪談對象 --- p.107

O presente trabalho se propõe a estabelecer uma comparação entre os resultados de ensaios em modelo físico da Caixa Espiral de uma turbina tipo Kaplan, caso da Barragem Nova Avanhandava, e os resultados de auscultação do protótipo, através de uma comparação intermediária com modelos numéricos, baseados no Método dos Elementos Finitos. São mostrados os procedimentos seguidos na construção e ensaios do modelo físico, os métodos utilizados na coleta e análise de dados de auscultação da barragem, e as modelagens plana e tridimensional para processamento numérico. / This work aims to establish a comparison between the results of tests on a physical model of the spiral box of a turbine Kaplan type (that is the case of Nova Avanhandava Power Plant), and the results of auscultation of the prototype by means of an intermediary comparison using numeric models based on the Finite Element Method. It is presented the proceedings followed in the construction and tests of the physical model, the methods used in the collection and analysis of data of the auscultation of the dam, and the plane and tridimensional modelling for numeric processing.

This study conducts a dam-scale cost versus benefit analysis in order to explore the feasibility of each the 13 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) commissioned dams in Oregon’s Willamette River network. Constructed between 1941 and 1969, these structures function in collaboration to comprise the Willamette River Basin Reservoir System (WRBRS). The motivation for this project derives from a growing awareness of the biophysical impacts that dam structures can have on riparian habitats. This project compares each of the 13 dams being assessed, to prioritize their level of utility within the system. The study takes the metrics from the top three services (flood regulation, hydropower generation and recreation) and disservices (fish mortality, structural risk and water temperature hazards) and creates a rubric that scores the feasibility of each dam within the system. Within a range between 0 to 3 for three dam services and 0 to -4.5 for two disservices, the overall calculated score elucidates for each structure whether its contribution to the WRBRS is positive or negative. Further analysis searches for spatiotemporal trends such as anomalous tributaries or magnified structural risk for structures exceeding a certain age. GIS data from the National Inventory of Dams (NID), U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) water measurements, raw data from USACE, and peer-reviewed studies comprise the statistics that generate results for this analysis. The computed scores for each dam yield an average overall score of -1.31, and nine of the 13 structures have negative results, indicating that the WRBRS faces challenges going forward. The study seeks to contribute to the increasingly relevant examination of dam networks at the watershed scale.

No description available.

Hydroelectric power is a commonly used alternative source of energy in developing countries. In this regard, concrete gravity dams are the most preferred dam type especially with the developments in the engineering industry. Roller compacted concrete became more popular in dam construction due to its advantages of speed and economy. Several methods are used for the design of concrete gravity dams by analyzing the dam response under static and dynamic loads. This study provides three dimensional linear dynamic analysis of roller compacted concrete gravity dam with a complete dam-foundation-water interaction by using EACD-3D-08 program. Foundation flexibility was included with damping and mass using boundary elements. Three dimensional solid elements were used for the idealization of the dam and water with using finite element methods. Compressibility of water with reservoir absorption was studied. In the light of USACE, performance criteria of linear analyses were assessed. Parametric study was conducted to determine the most influential parameters on the dam response. The importance and necessity of three dimensional analyses were investigated by comparing with linear two dimensional analyses. Linear analyses were then compared with three dimensional nonlinear analyses. In conclusion, the realistic dam seismic response can only be obtained by using three dimensional linear analyses with full interaction of dam-foundation-water.

In this study, settlement and seepage behavior of Muratli Dam, which is the first asphalt faced rockfill dam in Turkey, is investigated for the &ldquo / end of construction&rdquo / and &ldquo / reservoir impoundment&rdquo / loading conditions. Two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses are carried out in order to determine the total stresses, displacements and pore water pressures. Hardening soil model is used in order to represent the non-linear, inelastic and stress dependent behavior of rockfill material. Material model parameters are selected mainly referring to the previous studies on the dams consisting of similar materials and then back analyses are done to find the best fit. Calculated stresses, displacements and pore water pressures are compared with the observed values for both end of construction and reservoir filling conditions.

Tyrolean type water-intake structures are widely used on mountain rivers to provide water to hydropower stations. The main concern encountered in these kinds of structures is the amount of water diverted from the main channel and sediment carried by this flow. The diverted flow should not be less than the design discharge of the hydropower station and the amount of the sediment entering the hydraulic system should be minimum. In this study a physical model of a Tyrolean weir was constructed at the Hydromechanics Laboratory and by varying the dimensions of the various components of this system / the length, the inclination angle of the rack and the distance between the rack bars, the amount of water and sediment entering the system were measured for a wide range of discharges. The experiments were conducted in two stages. In the first stage the tests were made with only water, and in the second stage, water and sediment having different gradation were used. Applying dimensional analysis to the related parameters of the system dimensionless terms were defined for water capture efficiency and discharge coefficient of the system, and their variations with the relevant parameters were plotted. Using these diagrams one can determine the amount of water to be diverted by a Tyrolean weir of known geometry and main channel flow.