<p>This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic <i>Kuntheria</i>, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the <i>rps16</i> intron, the <i>atpB-rbcL</i> intergenic spacer, and the <i>trnL-F</i> region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demon-strated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus <i>Colchicum</i> is shown to be nested within <i>Androcymbium</i>, <i>Onixotis</i> constitutes a grade between <i>Neodregea</i> and <i>Wurmbea</i>, and <i>Gloriosa</i> is intermixed with species of <i>Littonia</i>. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in <i>Wurmbea</i> and <i>Gloriosa</i> in order to render them monophyletic. The genus <i>Androcymbium</i> is paraphyletic in relation to <i>Colchicum</i> and the latter genus is therefore expanded. An investigation of the distribution of colchicine within the expanded Colchicaceae is conducted to evaluate the potential of colchicine as a synapomorphy of the re-circumscribed family. The results demonstrate presence of colchicine in all genera previously not examined in Colchicaceae and in the genus <i>Burchardia</i>, earlier reported to lack colchicine. Hence, demonstrating colchicine to be a synapomorphy for the family. An attempt to date the phylogeny of the order Liliales together with a dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis indicates that the split between Colchicaceae and Alstromeriaceae-Luzuriagaceae represents a vicariance event following the disintegration of the Australian-Antarctican-South American link, ~34 million years ago. Further, the DIVA analysis indicates that Colchicaceae originated in Australia, first reached Asia and North America, and later Africa, from where they expanded to Europe and also dispersed back to Australia. </p>

This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic Kuntheria, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the rps16 intron, the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, and the trnL-F region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demon-strated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus Colchicum is shown to be nested within Androcymbium, Onixotis constitutes a grade between Neodregea and Wurmbea, and Gloriosa is intermixed with species of Littonia. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in Wurmbea and Gloriosa in order to render them monophyletic. The genus Androcymbium is paraphyletic in relation to Colchicum and the latter genus is therefore expanded. An investigation of the distribution of colchicine within the expanded Colchicaceae is conducted to evaluate the potential of colchicine as a synapomorphy of the re-circumscribed family. The results demonstrate presence of colchicine in all genera previously not examined in Colchicaceae and in the genus Burchardia, earlier reported to lack colchicine. Hence, demonstrating colchicine to be a synapomorphy for the family. An attempt to date the phylogeny of the order Liliales together with a dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis indicates that the split between Colchicaceae and Alstromeriaceae-Luzuriagaceae represents a vicariance event following the disintegration of the Australian-Antarctican-South American link, ~34 million years ago. Further, the DIVA analysis indicates that Colchicaceae originated in Australia, first reached Asia and North America, and later Africa, from where they expanded to Europe and also dispersed back to Australia.

Despite high rates of alcohol and marijuana use and dating violence among individuals between the ages of 15 and 24, limited research has examined a link between substance use and dating violence within adolescent samples. Moreover, although both problem drinking and dating violence perpetration have been linked to a history of childhood maltreatment (CM), few studies have examined the potential mechanisms of a relationship between these variables. The current study tested the predictive role of CM in adolescent alcohol and cannabis use and dating violence perpetration in a sample of youth with CM histories; in particular, we were interested in predicting the temporal co-occurrence of these behaviours. It was hypothesized that trauma symptomatology would play a mediating role in this relationship. Results demonstrated that only witnessing emotional domestic violence predicted the co-occurrence of substance use and dating violence; in general, trauma symptomatology was not found to be a significant mediator.

This study examined 11 programs designed to prevent violence in youth intimate relationships with a focus on programs for male youth currently or recently used in Ontario. The BIAS FREE Framework was used to reveal hierarchies and biases in the program materials and to help formulate solutions to the identified problems. Gender, race, class, geographic location and at risk factors were considered. Most programs maintained and denied gender hierarchies by failing to examine differences and using double standards, mainly due to second person and gender neutral language. Programs for mixed-sex audiences were found to be biased in favour of male, urban audiences. Programs for male youth were biased in favour of urban audiences. Most programs examined contained many useful elements. Recommendations include the need for gender inclusive practices, audience-specific intimate violence prevention program content, particularly for male youth, communication across involved sectors and consistency in related definitions and terminology.

This study examined 11 programs designed to prevent violence in youth intimate relationships with a focus on programs for male youth currently or recently used in Ontario. The BIAS FREE Framework was used to reveal hierarchies and biases in the program materials and to help formulate solutions to the identified problems. Gender, race, class, geographic location and at risk factors were considered. Most programs maintained and denied gender hierarchies by failing to examine differences and using double standards, mainly due to second person and gender neutral language. Programs for mixed-sex audiences were found to be biased in favour of male, urban audiences. Programs for male youth were biased in favour of urban audiences. Most programs examined contained many useful elements. Recommendations include the need for gender inclusive practices, audience-specific intimate violence prevention program content, particularly for male youth, communication across involved sectors and consistency in related definitions and terminology.

The major work involved is the development of a practical and reliable radiocarbon dating laboratory at Ball State University. The method involved in determining the age of an organic sample, such as wood, peat, bone, or shell, is a carbon to benzene conversion procedure, followed by a liquid scintillation counting technique. The procedure involves producing; lithium carbide at 9000 C from our carbon sample, and then adding distilled water at room temperature to generate acetylene gas. Using a vanadium pentoxide on alumina catalyst, the acetylene is trimerized to benzene. The benzene is used in the liquid scintillation counter to determine the radiocarbon content. The age of a sample is then calculated from the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12, as found through the counting technique.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This study examined autonomy and relatedness in mother adolescent interactions as longitudinal predictors of adolescent involvement in dating aggression. Research indicates that dating aggression, defined as perpetration and/or victimization of physical, psychological, or sexual aggression, affects one-third to two-thirds of adolescents. Most studies of adolescent dating aggression have been cross-sectional, have lacked a developmental theoretical perspective, and have not adequately investigated contextual differences in dating aggression. This study adds to the existing literature in that it applies a developmental framework to a multi-method, longitudinal study (n=88) of adolescent dating aggression. Adolescents’ and their mothers’ demonstrations of support for and inhibition of autonomy and relatedness during a coded interaction task observed when adolescents were 16 years old were examined as predictors of adolescents’ reports of perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological aggression two years later, exploring gender, race/ethnicity, and environmental risk as moderators. It was expected that promotion of autonomy and relatedness would be negatively related to adolescent reports of involvement in dating aggression, whereas inhibition of autonomy and relatedness would be positively related to adolescent reports of dating aggression. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that, as expected, maternal inhibition of relatedness predicted slight increases in reports of psychological perpetration and victimization. However, maternal support for autonomy was related to increases in perpetration of psychological aggression for all adolescents and increases in perpetration and victimization of physical aggression for girls, but not boys. Adolescent support for autonomy was related to increases in perpetration of physical aggression only for environmentally at-risk teens and to increases in psychological perpetration for racial/ethnic minority participants, but not for Caucasians. It was also found that girls reported more physical and psychological perpetration than boys, and that racial/ethnic minority participants reported more physical perpetration than Caucasians. Results indicate that autonomy is a dynamic developmental process that operates differently as a function of the various ecological contexts in which adolescents live, as marked by gender, race/ethnicity, and risk, in predicting adolescent involvement in dating aggression.

Problem: The dating reality show If You Are the One, won the largest audience rating in China after 2 weeks of its debut.  The sudden popularity led to more and more TV stations rushing to produce dating reality shows, and the majority gets even higher ratings from critics, from media, the Chinese government and common Chinese citizens. Method: Quantitative analysis of a multi-question online survey by logistic regression to determine whether certain variables, identified through academic research, correlate with satisfaction and use by audiences. Result: There are three types of audience. One is eager to get married and aims at finding true love through dating shows or getting some guidance for finding their perfect match. The second is already married and consider their relationship with their spouse to be a major life issue.  They will hope to receive beneficial advice from watching dating shows. The third type simply watches for entertainment, to relax after a day of harsh work and study.  All the audiences watch dating shows, more or less trust on the authenticity of TV and dating shows.

¡@¡@The study was undertook the engineers who involved in speed dating from technology industries, in an attempt to understand the masculinities and lifestyles shaped by workplace how to influence engineers from the workplace to speed dating domain, as well as the establishment of heterosexual relationships and management of intimate relationships. The researcher took masculinities as a way to analysis, from the male power and masculinities of the organization as a starting point, by interviewed with engineers to understand how the workplace shaped particular masculinities qualities in the organizations power, control, decision-making and payments. ¡@¡@In Taiwan, the high-tech industrial¡¦s engineers defined as the representatives of hegemonic masculinity by Connell (1995), they enjoyed a privileged position of cultural dominance as well as the relationships of gender order. Also, their professional identity was considered to be welcomed in the marriage market. The study¡¦s interviewers was based on engineers who has been participated in a speed dating activities, and found that engineers were lack of the ability to do intimate, and not good at dominant the topic. Therefore, they have to memorize a joke or to learn a talent so as to narrow the distance with the opposite sex, and then develop the special atmosphere of ¡§pick up a girl and fight side by side, ¡§and abandon the competence of masculine ranking between each other. ¡@¡@Finally, Giddens mentioned that in the discussion of heterosexual relationships and intimacies, the intimacy of modernity are becoming more and more plasticity and fluidity. However, to those busy on the work called ¡§High tech millionaires,¡¨ the ideal image for equal intimacy relationships was inappropriate. To high tech millionaires, the management of intimate relationships of the expectations and awareness in the public and private sector did not develop into so-called pure relationships by Giddens, corresponding to Jamieson¡¦s questioned that there are many changes or unchangeable factors which affect the management of intimate relationships in real life. Therefore, the researcher tries to analysis the attitude and imagination of the high tech millionaires to heterosexual relationships and management of intimate relationships, to understand how engineers from the masculine workplace and rational dominance transition to the fields of intimate relationships.

第23回名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム平成22(2010)年度報告