Energy saving and fuel consumption reduction techniques are among the principal interests for both academic institutions and industries, in particular, system optimization and hybridization. This paper presents a new hydraulic hybrid system layout for mobile machinery implemented on a middle size excavator. The hybridization procedure took advantage of a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm, which was also utilized for the hybrid components dimensioning and control strategy definition. A dedicated experimental activity on test bench was performed on the main components of the energy recovery system (ERS). The JCMAS working cycle was considered as the reference test for a fuel consumption comparison between the standard and the hybrid excavator. A fuel saving up to 8% on the JCMAS cycle, and up to 11% during the digging cycle, has been allowed by the proposed hybrid system.

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The educational industry has evolved with the development of computer technology. The online education system (OES) provides a more effective and efficient educational strategy for students benefiting from computer science technologies. There is a need for a mapping of knowledge definition from the traditional education system to the data gathered from the non-traditional OES. This would make the measurement of knowledge possible for OES. The study aims to (a) find an appropriate knowledge definition through a literature review process, and (b) based on the definition measure students’ knowledge in OES, such as Hypocampus, by using machine learning techniques. Experiments were conducted using a well-known Bayesian KnowledgeTracing (BKT) model. The evaluation was performed on 3300 students studying medicine in France using Hypocampus OES. As a result, the student’s knowledge was measured in skills, performance, and achievement per subject with 81% average accuracy. The obtained results suggest the potential of the presented approach for measuring students’ knowledge in OES.

The master's theses, which examines the phenomenon of state-sponsored terrorism giving the example of Islamic Republic of Iran, consists of two sections, general and specific. In the first part main theoretical concepts and definitions are be introduced. The author gives priority to differentiation between the terms of terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism and marginally also to the problematic definition of state terrorism. Detailed description of the concept of state-sponsored terrorism follow. Last but not least the author provides an insight into the history of the occurrence of this form of terrorism. The merit of the work, however, remains in particular case study of the state- sponsored terrorism, the Islamic Republic of Iran. To understand the context and causes of supporting terrorism, it is necessary to become familiar with the history of Iran (especially since 1979), its political system and the current situation in the country. This thesis will examine the reasons that led Iran to support terrorism on domestic and foreign soil, and specifically focusing on the terrorist organization Hezbollah, which Iran founded and have significantly sponsored for a long time. The intention of the thesis is to identify the main causes of Iranian support for terrorism, to determine how the relationship...

Syftet med studien var att beskriva och analysera socialsekreterares rådande självupplevda kompetens om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Syftet var även att beskriva och analysera socialsekreterares definition och uppfattning av problemet, samt vilket behov av vidareutbildning de anser sig ha om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Studien utgår från en induktiv forskningsansats med en kvalitativ metod och datainsamling har skett genom fem semistrukturerade videointervjuer med socialsekreterare på mottagningsenheter, inom socialtjänstens stöd till barn och familj. Analysmetod som användes för studien var tematisk analys. Teoretiska utgångspunkter för studien var kulturellt perspektiv, könsperspektiv och intersektionellt perspektiv. Studiens resultat visade att intervjupersonernas definitioner av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck till viss del kunde likna det kulturella perspektivet och när det kom till intervjupersonernas uppfattning av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck stärktes relationen till det perspektivet ytterligare. Intervjupersonerna tenderade att över lag svara utifrån en icke-komplex uppfattning om problemet, däremot framkom det även till viss del mer komplexa nyanser. Den självupplevda kompetensen på området visade sig vara låg och det framkom ett stort behov av vidareutbildning som dock präglades av tidsmässiga och ekonomiska hinder. Slutsatserna är att det finns både skillnader och likheter mellan socialsekreterares definitioner och uppfattningar där vi kan se att uppfattningar om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck kan innefatta mer och har en tydligare överensstämmelse med det kulturella perspektivet, samt innefattar mer stereotypiska föreställningar kopplat till sådant som religion och härkomst. Den självupplevda kompetensen om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck var låg, och stämde in på det vi kunnat återfinna i litteratur, vilket kan få allvarliga konsekvenser. Behovet av vidareutbildning ansågs vara stort, men kunde hindras av tid och pengar, trots att vi ser att nyttan med utbildning kan överträffa hindren.

Inledning Varje barn har rätt till en likvärdig utbildning på sina egna villkor. I styrdokumenten för förskolan finns inte begreppet inkludering med vilket innebär att arbetet blir diffust och tolkningsbart. När inkludering lyfts i förskolan kopplas det samman med delaktighet och inflytande som är två stora delar i läroplanen. Delar av barnkonventionen som blev lag i januari 2020 behandlar även delaktighet och inflytande som barns rättighet. I studien berörs inkluderingsbegreppets betydelse för pedagoger samt vilka barn som anses vara i behov av stöd. Tidigare har inkludering haft en tydlig koppling till det specialpedagogiska perspektivet, men under senare tid har det ändrats till att innefatta alla barn inom förskolans verksamhet. Det finns undantag hos några forskare som kategoriserar barn i behov av särskilt stöd som barn med någon form av officiell diagnos samt utan någon formell diagnos. Syfte I denna studie har vi valt att få kunskap om samt förståelse för hur pedagoger beskriver sitt arbete samt resonemang kring inkludering av barn i behov av stöd i två utvalda förskolor. Studien utgår från följande frågeställningar; Hur definierar pedagogerna begreppen inkludering och barn i behov av stöd? Vilka möjligheter och svårigheter upplever pedagogerna i arbetet med att inkludera barn i behov av stöd? Metod För att synliggöra resonemanget har vi valt att genomföra en self report där tio pedagoger på två förskolor har fått delge sina erfarenheter och tankegångar. Uppsatsen grundar sig på ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv med en fenomenologisk forskningsansats. I analysarbetet har vi använts oss av Giorgis analysmetod i fem steg. Resultat Olika strategier för att arbeta inkluderande har synliggjorts i tidigare forskning och detta framkommer också i denna undersökning. Pedagogerna som ingår i denna studie uttrycker att det finns möjligheter till att arbeta inkluderande men att kompetensen i arbetet kan behöva stärkas. I definitionen av begreppet barn i behov av stöd kan det utläsas en mindre oenighet både inom forskningen men även bland respondenterna. Splittringen handlar främst om vilka barn som innefattas i begreppet barn i behov av stöd, samtidigt som det i respondenternas resonemang, och i tidigare forskning, framkommer att inkludering ska innefatta alla barn oavsett behov och förutsättningar.

Widespread accessibility to the Internet and the proliferation of Web 2.0 technologies has led to the growth of online tools for educational content creation, delivery, and assessment. Maintaining high quality of assessment using this medium is made more practical by using tools to author and represent a broad range of assessment problems. A survey of existing problem-authoring tools uncovered two main deficiencies: (a) lack of support for authoring "dynamic" (parameterized) problems, and (b) lack of tools that are independent of a specific publishing format, persistence format, and/or authoring platform. Dynamic problems are assessment problem templates that support parameterization of the problems by the use of variables. Variables dynamically take values assigned at random to generate different instances of a problem from a template. This provides for greater diversity of authored problems, and permits students to practice with different variations of a problem. In existing problem authoring tools, the problem types supported are often limited to static problems. A formal definition of an assessment problem structure is presented. This formal definition served as a design aide for a new problem authoring system named QBank, a web-based tool that supports authoring dynamic problems. The proof-of-concept implementation of QBank supports export of questions in CSV format and the Khan Academy Exercise format. The extensible nature of the framework allows future development of features supporting export of authored problems into other publishing and/or persistence formats. / Master of Science

Workplace bullying in the healthcare field has contributed to decreasing productivity, decreasing employee morale, increasing workplace lawsuits, overall dissatisfaction in the workplace, and potentially compromising care to patients. Little, however, is known about how public policies related to workplace bullying impact the experiences of healthcare workers. Using Cornell and Limber's conceptualization of bullying, the purpose of this general qualitative study was to better understand the experiences of healthcare leaders and workers related to workplace bullying of a single health care facility. Data were principally collected from 9 participants representing three organizational leaders, three nurses, and three ancillary members staff. These interview data were transcribed, and then subjected to a coding and analysis procedure inspired by Stevick, Colaizzi, & Keen. Findings indicate that many participants have either experienced or witnessed organizational bullying, and that occurrences of bullying are more prevalent among staff. Findings also indicate that leaders consistently understand policies and law and organizational procedures related to bullying, but staff and nurses do not share this experience. Last, staff and nurses perceive that leaders fail to follow through with enforcing organizational policies related to bullying. Positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to organizational leadership and regulatory boards to develop organizational and public policies that more clearly identify the liabilities and risks of non-compliance, as well as promoting an annual training protocol that better supports public and organizational policies related to anti-bullying measures. These recommendations may result in reduced incidents of bullying, and therefore improved care to patients. Antibullying Definition, Policy, Surveillance, Education, and Training in the Healthca

As part of a U.S. Geological Survey study in Juab Valley in central Utah from 1991 to 1994, the chemistry of ground - and surface -water samples was determined. Total dissolved solids in the ground water of southern Juab Valley have historically been higher , in general, than ground water in other areas of Utah . Total dissolved solids for ground-water samples from this study ranged from 623 to 3,980 milligrams/liter. High-sulfate chemical data of previous studies suggested that the major source of ground-water salinity is the dissolution of gypsum (hydrous calcium sulfate ) from the Arapien Shale. Sulfur-34 to sulfur- 32 isotopic ratio data have confirmed that dissolved Arapien Shale is the major source of salinity in southern Juab Valley water. This thesis study of southern Juab Valley had four main objectives: 1) define the present chemistry of the ground and surface water; 2) qualitatively determine the mineralogy of the Middle Jurassic Arapien Shale; 3) determine the major sources of salinity; and 4) determine the main flow path in the ground-water system. Chemical data show that the water in southern Juab Valley is predominantly of a calcium-magnesium-sulfate-bicarbonate composition. X-ray diffraction determined the mineralogy of the Arapien Shale as primarily calcite and quartz. Mineralogy of the acid-insoluble residue is illite, chlorite, quartz, and a trace of feldspar. Based on chemical, isotopic, and simple salt weight percent data, dissolution of gypsum is the major source of salinity in southern Juab Valley water. Using the chemical and isotopic data as input , a mass balance computer software program (NETPATH) helped to determine that the gypsum is derived from the Arapien Shale . NETPATH and the potentiometric surface map helped to define the main ground-water flow path as southwest across southern Juab Valley, from Chicken Creek in the San Pitch Mountains on the east side of the valley toward Chick Creek Reservoir in the southwest part of the valley.

Es heißt, man schreibe Begriffsgeschichte: Im Grunde jedoch ist es eine Bewegung des Lesens, die uns von Begriffen sprechen läßt. Begriffe gibt es nicht, sie müssen aus Texten herausoperiert werden, was seit dem Mittelalter durch entsprechende Lektüretechniken bewerkstelligt wird. Man unterstreicht, man wiederholt am Rand, man trägt in ein Register oder eine gesonderte Liste Wörter ein, die des Nachdenkens Wert erscheinen. So transformiert sich der durcbgeschriebene Text in eine Liste von Wörtern, von denen einige eigene Kommentare nach sich zehen und so zu Begriffen werden. Diese Bewegung der Lektilre ist eine Bewegung der Aneignung: Der ursprüngliche Text ist das Opfer solcher Operationen, die einen rhetorischen oder logischen Zusammenhang des Autors durch einen terminologischen Zusammenhang des Lesers ersetzt.