Les termes « retournement », « renversement », « inversion », « conversion » etc. appartiennent à un lexique récurant dans les textes de Bergson. La présence fréquente de ces mots sous sa plume, et des adjectifs et des verbes associés, annonce notre point de départ. De ce lexique nous prenons l’élan pour dévoiler une lecture de Bergson à travers un filtre qu’il faut, avant tout, bien calibré. C’est ainsi qu’une image surgit ; image qu’il faut prendre, au premier abord, dans un sens tout à fait vague, et que nous considérons comme «image médiatrice»; image, ensuite, qui se clarifie comme «centrale» ou «primitive» à partir de laquelle d’autres images rayonnent. À la recherche du style de la pensée, à travers des moments de l’écriture plus que des thèmes, nous parcourrons les œuvres majeures de Bergson pour mettre en lumière des moments de modification, soit proposés par l’auteur dans sa doctrine, soit envisageables dans la pratique de la pensée, dans son exercice, ou, autrement dit, dans l’application de la méthode. Une difficulté majeure s’impose pour demeurer irrésolue, mais plein d’une tension féconde : le paradoxe d’exprimer l’inexprimable se mêle avec celui d’explorer le bergsonisme à partir de sa langue d’expression. Ce parcours, semé d'impasses, nous conduira à l’identification de deux moments principaux: un moment de retournement subjectif-épistémologique et un moment ontologique-métaphysique. Le premier concerne le sujet et sa dimension existentielle (voir sa conduite) en tension avec la méthode philosophique en tant que inversion de la destination spontanément pratique de l’intelligence. Le deuxième touche directement la doctrine et, notamment, la théorie de la perception dans Matière et mémoire ainsi que la genèse de la matérialité et de l’intellectualité dans L’évolution créatrice. C’est dans l’œuvre de 1907 et dans ses possibles prolongements (que nous laissons entrevoir), qu’on trouve aussi la correspondance et la complication des deux moments. Avec eux nous atteignons l’image conclusive d’un accord reversable à travers lequel faire résonner la philosophie de Bergson. / Such terms as « retournement », « renversement », « inversion », « conversion » etc. belong to a recurrent lexicon in Bergson’s works. The frequent presence in his writings of these words, and related adjectives and verbs, announces our departing point. Its from this lexicon that we move to unveil our reading of Bergson through a filter which, first of all, must be well calibrated. Thus, an image arises, one that we must take, at first, with a certain vagueness, considering it « image médiatrice »; an image which then clarifies itself as «centrale» or «primitive», from which other images radiate. Looking for the style of thought, through moments of writings more then themes, we cover Bergson’s major works to uncover moments of change, whether proposed by the philosopher in his doctrine, or traceable in the practice of thought, its exercise, or, in other words, the application of the method. A major difficulty comes forth, unsolved, but full of fruitful tension: the paradox of expressing the inexpressible entwines itself with that of exploring bergsonism with its language of expression as a starting point. This path, dotted with impasses, will take us to the identification of two principal moments: a moment of subjective-epistemological reversal and an ontological-metaphysical one. The first one applies to the subject and its existential dimension (read behavior) in strained relationship with the philosophical method as inversion of the spontaneously practical destination of intelligence. The second one touches directly the doctrine and, in particular, the theory of perception in Matière et mémoire as well as the genesis of materiality and intellectuality in L’évolution créatrice. It’s in the 1907 work and its possible extensions (which we only glance at), that we also find the correspondence and complication of the two moments. With these we achieve the final image of an invertible chord through which Bergson’s philosophy resounds.

This dissertation explores theory with regards to function in architecture. The objective would be to consider the role of any intervention, within its context, in the initial design stages before programmatic conclusions are made. It also investigates the importance of formalizing embedded site narrative as a primary function of any intervention. The final proposal creates a space with an unmistakable sense of place capable of hosting any event on the social calendar of the University, synonymous with student life and the memory thereof. True beauty does not only dwell in the aesthetic appeal of an edifice, but in the presentation of an embedded narrative, giving complex meaning to the whole and driving the creation to be a manifestation of this narrative. An intervention can be absorbed by its own internal programme or generate an urban space that becomes the custodian of the interior. Campus buildings often outlive their programmatic functions due to changing spatial demands and growth. It is therefore necessary for designers to lay emphasis on design strategies that provide interventions with the capacity to sustain their intended functions. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Architecture / unrestricted

How to best conduct a mentoring relationship has been confounded by the lack of a consistent definition of “mentoring” and the scarcity of studies addressing how to achieve a positive outcome. This study contributes new, operationalized definitions of “mentoring,” “mentor,” and “protégé,” and a modified version of the Critical Incident Technique and the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique, called the Adapted Critical Incident Technique (ACIT), which is more consistent with a qualitative methodology. The researcher interviewed 18 self-described mentors and protégés to obtain 207 quotes about what critical behaviours helped or hindered mentoring relationship outcomes. Independent judges confirmed the placement of quotes into 13 categories of behaviours that helped mentors and protégés to reach the mentoring goals and 10 categories of behaviours that hindered the mentoring outcome. The findings contribute to an increased understanding of the foundation upon which mentors and protégés in all fields may potentially build better programs and training under the guise of mentorship. / Graduate / 2018-12-01

The purpose of this work is to answer the basic question, if the economics can explore the animal behaviour. At first the determination of the subject of economics is needed. It means to point out, what should economics deal with. I will come to the point of the problem of purposeful action, the problem of rationality and exchange. Consequently I will explore, if it is possible to apply this theory to animal behaviour and if such an application has a sense. I will advert to the problems, what are made by the economists in their opinions of the animal behaviour and on argumentation why the animal behaviour is not a subject of economics.

En France, la réalité des crimes en série et plus particulièrement des meurtres en série a trop longtemps été minorée, voire niée. Même si elle est quantitativement peu élevée, la commission de meurtres sériels sur notre territoire est pourtant indéniable. Il serait donc logique que le droit pénal français, qui commence à s'intéresser à ces actes, en donne enfin une véritable qualification pénale. En sa qualité de tueur à victimes multiples criminologiquement singulier, le tueur en série mérite une appréhension juridique adaptée. Tout d'abord, l'acte de donner la mort doit recevoir une qualification pénale adéquate. Puis, la répétition de cet acte doit être prise en compte. Or, la série va apparaître comme un mode particulier de commission de plusieurs infractions. En effet, la série représente un nouveau cas de pluralité d'infractions. Dès lors, une définition juridique en sera proposée dans cette étude. De plus, les éventuelles répercussions d'une telle définition sur la procédure et la sanction pénales seront envisagées. / In France, the reality of serial crimes and more specifically serial murders has been minimized and even denied for a very long time. Even if serial crimes represent quite a small proportion, they do undeniably occur in our country. It should be logical that French criminal law starts to pay attention to these acts and finally gives them a real legal definition. As a singular criminal in criminology, a murderer of multiple victims deserves an appropriate apprehension. First of all, the act of giving someone death has to be correctly characterized. Then, the repetition of this act has to be taken into account. The series will appear as a new particular way of committing multiple crimes. Indeed, it actually represents a new category in plurality of offences. Thus, we propose in this essay to give it a legal definition. Moreover, the potential repercussions of such definition on criminal procedure and penalty will be envisaged.

The thesis deals with the issue of inventories in companies. The thesis describes inventories according to the current and amended legislation in the Czech Republic. Subsequently, the thesis describes accounting operations, activities and processes associated with inventories in practice. Focusing on two companies characterized by their cooperation, but different in their activities, the thesis analyzes the chosen fields of inventories and related activities, including the specifics resulting from mutual cooperation.

The diploma thesis focuses on comparing the accounting treatment and reporting of intangible assets in accordance with rules in the CR and IFRS. This thesis is concentrated on finding significant differences. A practical example shows the form of intangible assets in practice a few selected companies from different sectors.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the constructed vision of social reality that the Sweden Democrats define and thus defend and legitimizes through their climate and environmental policy. With a focus on the power relations that are constitutive of the Sweden Democrats' definition of social reality, the intention is to clarify the Sweden Democrats' position on the issue of climate change and to make visible what underlies their actions concerning the ratification of the Paris Agreement. To achieve the purpose, critical discourse analysis is used as a method where political documents concerning the Sweden Democrats' climate, environment, and energy policy during the period 2018-2021 constitute the empirical material. The results show that the Sweden Democrats' definition of climate change is both ambiguous and ambivalent, where Sweden's self-image and Swedish interests are prioritized over climate measures. The result also shows that the Sweden Democrats' definition of climate change is constituted by underlying power relations to preserve the power of the nation-state and the subordinate position of developing countries. One conclusion that can be drawn is to reduce the Sweden Democrats to just being climate change deniers is to simplify because their attitude to climate change is characterized by ambivalence and self-interest rather than skepticism and denial. Another conclusion is that the Sweden Democrats' attitude to climate change is more about defending and preserving existing power relations and less about questioning the existence of climate change. A third conclusion that can be drawn is that the Sweden Democrats' action regarding the Paris Agreement is more about opposing a social change that entails increased equality and about legitimizing the nation state's continued relevance in a globalized world, and less about opposing the content and implementation of the Paris Agreement.

Start-ups have played and still play a vital role in national and global economies. To grow and maintain competitiveness, companies need to innovate, and this is the engine of market growth. However, existing studies do not provide sufficient guidance and explanation on how companies in the early stages of life can successfully define a market for radical innovation. Some previous studies have focused on market niche and breakthrough innovation, others on start-ups and their radical innovation, and others on entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities.  Therefore, the objective of this master’s thesis is to systematically address and explain how start-ups with their radical innovation can define a market and what dynamic capabilities are necessary to reach it successfully. This master's thesis presents a qualitative case study, and the results show that start-ups can face several challenges when defining a market, especially when talking about radical innovation. However, the deployment of dynamic capabilities in a constant manner can support start-ups in the complex process of the delimitation of the market. These capabilities are essential for start-ups not only to shape the offer but also to deal with uncertain environments and to adapt to changes in the market. The findings of this thesis contribute to sharpening the theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities in an entrepreneurial environment. Entrepreneurs can benefit from the results as a practical guide when defining a market. Moreover, for academia, the results improved the dynamic capabilities framework with an illustration of the application of these capabilities in a real scenario.

Nubo is a broker-less and decentralized edge cloud marketplace that provides APIexposure for integration between entities of the marketplace, i.e., service providers and customers of edge cloud. The core functionalities of this marketplace are implemented by using Hyperledger Fabric blockchain. Some of the marketplace features are Subscription to a service, Service registration, Service onboarding, and Application onboarding. Although it has many features, the Nubo marketplace does not provide performance assurance to the customers, which is one of the main reasons for the lack of trust between the service providers and customers. The SLA management can resolve this issue, and it builds a trusted environment in the marketplace. SLA management facilitates the generation of a formal contract between the service provider and the customer, in which the parties agree on the service’s anticipated performance level (measured in terms of QoS indicators). It also involves consequences in the form of a penalty when the expectations are not achieved during the contract period. One of the challenges in SLA management in the marketplace is to describe the SLA considering different edge cloud characteristics such as multi-parties, network services, etc. In this thesis, we studied the specific requirements for describing the edge cloud SLA and SLA intent, and then we proposed TOSCA models that can be used to describe SLA and SLA intent in the marketplace. In the end, we evaluated the proposed models with the help of an edge cloud use case. / <p>Due to the covid pandemic, I made my presentation online.</p>