The purpose of the paper is to investigate how different religious groups such as Muslims and Christians are presented in the digital magazine Samtiden. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate whether and how different religions differ in their presentation and whether there is a clear agenda related to emerging beliefs.  The actual selection I chose to start from is the year 2018 where articles in relation to my keywords and delimitations have been shown. They have then been analyzed through a qualitative text analysis with the ambition to be able to answer my questions and the purpose of investigating how different religious groups such as Muslims and Christians are portrayed in the digital magazine Samtiden. By starting from my theoretical starting points about postcolonial theory, anti-emigration, post-secular theory and gender perspective, I, along with methodological approaches, have got tools to be able to analyze the material in a successful way.  My results show how the representation of religions is manifested and what distinguishes them from where it appears that stereotypical categorizations such as Muslims are cruel, violent and perceived as a threat while Christians appear to be victims of Muslim aggression. The Christian and "Swedish" appear to be intertwined and constitute "we" while Muslims are portrayed as "them".

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Quirino Pinas.pdf: 3833748 bytes, checksum: c2b6372e89926c7ecd395e44dd63b93b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to focus on the understanding of reward and punishment practices in the Archdiocesan School of São Paulo from 1908 to 1963. The intention of this research has been to understand the relation between rewards and punishments in the school as historically given teaching practices, educational actions that stimulate a type of training that is of particular interest of this school s culture, as well as its disciplinarian management. The hypothesis is that the meaning of the rewards and punishments are related, interdependent and promoted by the school s culture itself, in spite of the circulation of origin myths that aim to abolish the punishment within the Marist pedagogy . The time frame is established between 1908, year in which the Marist Brothers entered the institution, and 1963, when the study s main source, the journal Echo by Collegio Archidiocesano, stopped being published, highlighting the crisis in the boarding school system and a containment in the disclosure of the school s rewards. The study starts from the history of education and focus its analysis on the educational practices accessed through the documents that are part of the Memorial s collection of the Marist Archdiocesan School of São Paulo, and by the collation of data gathered from other schools archives. As a result, it was noticed that rewarding encouraged the competitiveness considered as a quality of masculine virtuosity of the political man to be formed / O objetivo deste estudo centra-se no entendimento das práticas de premiação e punição no Colégio Arquidiocesano de São Paulo entre 1908 e 1963. A intenção da pesquisa foi compreender qual a relação entre prêmios e castigos na escola como práticas pedagógicas historicamente dadas, ações escolarizadas que estimulam um tipo de formação que é de interesse particular desta cultura escolar, além de conduta disciplinadora. A hipótese é de que os significados das premiações e punições estão relacionados, são interdependes e estimulados pela própria cultura escolar, a despeito da circulação de mitos fundadores que apontam para a abolição do castigo dentro da pedagogia marista . O recorte temporal está fixado entre 1908, ano de entrada dos Irmãos Maristas na instituição e 1963, quando a principal fonte para o estudo, a Revista Echos do Collegio Archidiocesano, deixa de ser publicada, evidenciando a crise no sistema de internato e um refreamento na divulgação das recompensas no colégio. O estudo constitui-se a partir da história da educação e centra sua análise nas práticas escolares acessadas a partir dos documentos que compõem o acervo do Memorial do Colégio Marista Arquidiocesano de São Paulo, e no cotejamento de informações levantadas nos registros de outras instituições escolares. Como resultado, percebeu-se que as premiações incentivaram a competitividade tratada como qualidade da virtuosidade masculina do varão político a ser formado

It is generally held that economic sanctions have an adverse effect on human rights in sanctioned countries, but what about the non-sanctioned countries? Previous research has found that human rights sanctions appear to have a deterring effect on non-sanctioned countries in Latin America which, in turn, led to human rights improvements. The assumption from these findings suggests that countries improve their human rights in fear of being sanctioned themselves. Utilising a difference-in-differences method with data from CIRI and PTS for the time period 1977-1996, the present quasi-experimental study attempts to test these findings on Africa and Asia by posing the hypothesis that economic sanctions improve the level of human rights protection in the non-sanctioned countries of the same geographical region. The results show that, while there appears to be a positive effect on some measures of human rights in non-sanctioned countries, these effects are weak. Moreover, the results also show that the improvements correspond with the number of years following a sanction, where 1 year displays the weakest human rights improvements, whilst 10 years displays the strongest. The conclusion is that there, in some cases, appears to be a modest effect which needs to be examined further, but that sanctions, nevertheless, do not improve human rights in neighbouring countries in a meaningful way.

This thesis aims to propose multiple methods for performing a hardware-in-the-loop simulation, providing the hardware and software tools necessary for design and execution. For this purpose, methods of modeling commonly encountered dynamical system components are explored and techniques suitable for calculating the states of the modeled system are presented. Modules and subsystems that enable the realization of a hardware-in-the-loop simulation application and its interfacing with external controller hardware are explained. The thesis also presents three different simulation scenarios. Solutions suitable for these scenarios are provided along with their implementations. The details and specifications of the developed software packages and hardware platforms are given. The provided results illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches used in these solutions.

Ce travail de thèse introduit un nouveau concept dans la vérification des circuits au niveau RTL : l'interopérabilité entre simulateurs HDL, émulateurs matériel et plateformes de prototypage. Cela permet de bénéficier, à la fois de l'excellente vitesse d'exécution des plateformes de prototypage et des capacités de déboguage, d'observabilité et contrôlabilité offertes par les émulateurs matériel et simulateurs HDL. L'idée principale de l'interopérabilité consiste en la réalisation des tests sur une plateforme de prototypage rapide tout en réalisant périodiquement des sauvegardes de l'état du circuit. Lorsqu'une erreur apparait, le déboguage est réalisé, soit un émulateur rapide, soit un simulateur HDL économique : le test est alors rejoué à partir de la dernière sauvegarde d'état réalisée avant l'instant d'apparition du problème. Enfin, cette thèse présente un flot de prototypage, validé sur un circuit industriel STM HLS25, permettant d'intégrer l'interopérabilité comme une fonctionnalité du circuit

Bringing together field-based empirical studies, a simulation modelling experiment, and a critical analysis of the natural disturbance emulation paradigm, this thesis evaluates partial harvesting in the black spruce boreal forest. Forest management in Ontario is required to emulate natural disturbances, but in regions of the boreal forest where fire cycles are long, regulated even-aged management by clearcutting has truncated forest age-class distributions. Partial harvesting has been proposed as a means to maintain the structural complexity and biodiversity associated with old forests while allowing continued timber production. Despite the potentially important role of partial harvesting in a strategy for sustainable boreal forest management, little research has examined post-harvest stand development, a critical determinant both of habitat and timber supplies.I used a chronosequence approach in combination with dendroecological techniques, a neighbourhood modelling framework, and maximum likelihood statistical methods to quantify stand dynamics over the first decade after partial harvest in the black spruce (Picea mariana) boreal forest of northeastern Ontario, Canada. Residual trees displayed large but time-lagged growth responses to partial harvest. The largest responses were found in young trees, while old trees were largely unable to react to improved post-harvest resource availability. Growth responses were offset by elevated rates of residual-tree mortality, which peaked in the first year after harvest at nearly 13 times the pre-harvest level. Proximity to harvest machinery trails severely escalated the risk of mortality for residual trees. Considering growth and mortality responses together in a forest simulator model, I found that stand development proceeded most rapidly where skidding intensity was reduced and retention areas were aggregated. Given appropriate prescriptions, my results indicate that partial harvesting can be a viable silvicultural option for black spruce boreal forests. However, the ability of partially harvested stands to emulate natural disturbance is questionable, particularly given the strong influence of harvest machinery impacts on post-harvest stand development. I argue that the natural disturbance emulation framework has important flaws and falls short of a justifiable approach for forest management in Ontario.

Bringing together field-based empirical studies, a simulation modelling experiment, and a critical analysis of the natural disturbance emulation paradigm, this thesis evaluates partial harvesting in the black spruce boreal forest. Forest management in Ontario is required to emulate natural disturbances, but in regions of the boreal forest where fire cycles are long, regulated even-aged management by clearcutting has truncated forest age-class distributions. Partial harvesting has been proposed as a means to maintain the structural complexity and biodiversity associated with old forests while allowing continued timber production. Despite the potentially important role of partial harvesting in a strategy for sustainable boreal forest management, little research has examined post-harvest stand development, a critical determinant both of habitat and timber supplies.I used a chronosequence approach in combination with dendroecological techniques, a neighbourhood modelling framework, and maximum likelihood statistical methods to quantify stand dynamics over the first decade after partial harvest in the black spruce (Picea mariana) boreal forest of northeastern Ontario, Canada. Residual trees displayed large but time-lagged growth responses to partial harvest. The largest responses were found in young trees, while old trees were largely unable to react to improved post-harvest resource availability. Growth responses were offset by elevated rates of residual-tree mortality, which peaked in the first year after harvest at nearly 13 times the pre-harvest level. Proximity to harvest machinery trails severely escalated the risk of mortality for residual trees. Considering growth and mortality responses together in a forest simulator model, I found that stand development proceeded most rapidly where skidding intensity was reduced and retention areas were aggregated. Given appropriate prescriptions, my results indicate that partial harvesting can be a viable silvicultural option for black spruce boreal forests. However, the ability of partially harvested stands to emulate natural disturbance is questionable, particularly given the strong influence of harvest machinery impacts on post-harvest stand development. I argue that the natural disturbance emulation framework has important flaws and falls short of a justifiable approach for forest management in Ontario.

Network emulation has been widely used to aid in the development and evaluation of real-time applications. Many of today s applications and protocols need to be tested and evaluated in large scale network environments such as the Internet, which requires emulation tools that meet the requirements of scale, accuracy, timeliness. Due to physical resource constraints in network emulators, existing emulation tools fail to meet these requirements as they are either limited to small and static networks, use simplified network models, or fail to deliver timely emulation results. If more physical resources are devoted to network emulation by utilizing high performance computing facilities, the accuracy and scalability of network emulation can be greatly improved. However, for many users, high performance computing facilities may not be readily available in a local laboratory environment, and co-locating application code with a remote high performance computing facility may be cumbersome and inconvenient. This thesis proposes a network emulation approach called ROSENET (RemOte SErver-based Network EmulaTion) that utilizes a distributed server-based architecture in which local low-fidelity emulators provide real-time QoS predictions to distributed applications, coupled with a remote large scale high-fidelity simulator that continuously updates and calibrates the local low-fidelity emulators. A library-based modeling approach based on online simulation data collection is proposed and a system identification modeling technique is presented. Experimental results examining emulation end-to-end delay and loss show that ROSENET provides a promising approach to network emulation supporting accuracy and scale while meeting real-time constraints. Challenges faced in applying ROSENET to real world applications are addressed through two case studies including applying synthetic workload on DARPA s NMS network topology for large scale network simulation and a contemporary real-time distributed VoIP application Skype.

The Bow River Basin in Southern Alberta is a semi-arid catchment, with surface water provided from the Rocky Mountains. Water resources in this basin, primarily surface water, are allocated to a variety of users- industry, municipalities, agriculture, energy and needs for the environment. The largest consumptive use is by agriculture (80%), and several large dams at the headwaters provide for over 800,000 MWhrs of hydropower. This water is managed by the 1990 Water Act, distributing water via licenses following the “first in time first in right” principle. Currently, the basin is over-allocated, and closed to any new licenses. Conflicts between different water users have consequences for the economy and the environment. By using an integrated water resources model, these conflicts can be further examined and solutions can be investigated and proposed. In this research an integrated water resources model, referred to as Sustainability-oriented Water Allocation Management and Planning Model applied to the Bow Basin (SWAMPB), is developed to emulate Alberta’s Water Resources Management Model (WRMM). While having the same allocation structure as WRMM, SWAMPB instead provides a simulation environment, linking allocation with dynamic irrigation and economic sub-models. SWAMPB is part of a much larger framework, SWAMP, to simulate the water resources systems for the entire South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB). SWAMPB integrates economics with a water resources allocation model as well as an irrigation model- all developed using the system dynamics approach. Water is allocated following the allocation structure provided in WRMM, through operation rules of reservoirs and diversions to water users. The irrigation component calculates the water balance of farms, determining the crop water demand and crop yields. An economic valuation is provided for both crops and hydropower generation through the economic component. The structure of SWAMPB is verified through several phases. First, the operation of reservoirs with fixed (known) inflows, and modeled releases, are compared against WRMM for a historical simulation period (1928-2001). Further verifications compare the operation of SWAMPB as a whole without any fixed flows but fixed demands to identify errors in the system water allocation. A final verification then compares both models against historical flows and reservoir levels to assess the validity of each model. SWAMPB, although found to have some minor differences in model structure due to the system dynamics modeling environment, is to be evaluated as an acceptable emulator. SWAMPB is applied to assess a variety of management and policy solutions to mitigating environmental flow deficit. Solutions include increasing irrigation efficiency (S1), requiring more summer release from hydropower reservoirs at the headwaters (S2), a combination of the previous two (S3), implementing the In-Stream Flow Needs (S4) and implementing Water Conservation Objectives (S5). The solutions are not only examined by their ability to restore river flows, but also with respect to the economic consequences and effect on hydropower, irrigation, and municipalities. It is found that the three technical solutions (S1, S2, and S3) provide economic gains and allow more efficient water use, but do little to restore streamflows. Conversely, the two policy solutions (S4 and S5) are more effective at restoring river flow, but have severe consequences on the economy and water availability for irrigation and municipal uses. This analysis does not recommend a particular solution, but provides a quantification of the tradeoffs that can be used by stakeholders to make decisions. Further work on the SWAMP methodology is foreseen, to link SWAMPB with other models, enabling a comprehensive analysis across the entire SSRB.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL LUIS KLEIN.pdf: 5183881 bytes, checksum: c72755a48cf9cf0f75f8a8c73a4fe23c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study is about the design and implementation of a programmable ac electronic load with power regeneration capability. This equipment can be used in burn-in tests and at the development of switching power supplies. The main advantages of this kind of emulator is the power consumption reduction, lower volume compared to conventional loads, no cooling additional costs, peak load reduction, agility and easiness of non-linear and linear current load profile configuration. The emulator is composed by a current controlled rectifier, which drains from the equipment under test the desired current profile, and a current controlled inverter connected to the grid, which is responsible for power regenerating. Initially, a study for applications of the emulator is shown, where standards and tests requirements are analyzed. Afterward, the power structure of the emulator is shown. After that, the high frequencies filters are analyzed and designed, the circuit mathematical models are obtained, then a control project methodology based on frequency is shown. Simulation results complement the study and prove the applied methodology. Finally, a 4.5kVA prototype is developed and tested. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed. / Este estudo trata do projeto e implementação de uma carga eletrônica ca programável com regeneração de energia. Este equipamento pode ser empregado nos testes de Burn-in ou ensaios de desenvolvimento de fontes chaveadas. Dentre as principais vantagens na utilização do emulador, destacam-se: redução do consumo de energia elétrica, redução da área ocupada pelos dispositivos de testes com cargas convencionais, redução dos custos de instalação e de consumo de energia dos sistemas de refrigeração, redução dos picos de demanda de potência, facilidade e agilidade na configuração dos mais variados tipos de cargas lineares e nãolineares. O emulador é formado por um retificador controlado em corrente, responsável por drenar do EST o perfil de corrente desejado, e um inversor controlado em corrente, responsável pela injeção de corrente na rede elétrica, em contra-fase com a tensão, caracterizando a regeneração de energia. Inicialmente é apresentado um estudo das aplicações para o emulador, onde são analisadas as normas vigentes para testes de equipamentos com carga. Em seguida são apresentadas as estruturas de potência do emulador. Após isto são analisados e projetados os filtros de alta frequência, obtidos os modelos matemáticos dos circuitos necessários para o projeto dos controladores, assim como é apresentada uma metodologia de projeto de controle baseado na resposta em frequência. Resultados de simulação complementam o estudo e comprovam a metodologia apresentada. Para finalizar, um protótipo de 4,5kVA é desenvolvido e ensaiado, onde os resultados experimentais são analisados e discutidos.