The purpose of the present study is to expand our current understanding of second language classroom discourse by exploring how four English as a second language (ESL) teachers working in an intensive English program structurally organize classroom language lessons through the use of language; how students and teachers perceive the functions of the various stages in a lesson; how teachers prepare for their language lessons; and how various discourses and texts in this teaching context influence teachers‘ spoken discourse in the classroom. In order to carry out the exploratory study of language lessons, a multidimensional genre-oriented approach is utilized that is sensitive to both textual and contextual analyses of language lessons. The findings suggest that despite the spontaneous nature of classroom settings and sometimes improvised nature of classroom teaching, experienced ESL teachers have generated and internalized schemata of language lessons, which consists of a stable schematic structure and linguistic patterns that are recognizable by both teachers and students. However, rather than viewing a language lesson as a distinctive genre, the study suggests that it might be described more precisely as a sub-genre of the classroom discourse genre proper that shares broad communicative purposes with other classroom discourse sub-genres, although also maintaining its own distinct characteristics. Further, the analysis indicates that seven resources appear to interact in dynamic, dialogic, and complex ways as experienced teachers set about constructing lessons that are goal-oriented, activity-driven, cohesive, and meaningful for both themselves and their students. Finally, the results demonstrate that experienced teachers integrate various material resources in the classroom that influence their talk; consequently, a language lesson can be regarded as both a process and a product that is highly multimodal, multimedial, and intertextual. The study concludes with implications for genre studies, classroom discourse studies, and second language teacher education, and with suggestions for future research.

En esta investigación se ha desarrollado un método basado en el análisis de un corpus que facilita la identificación semiautomática del vocabulario especializado, combinando criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos, y en función de las variables de frecuencia, distribución, restricción y representatividad de una unidad léxica en el dominio especializado. Se ha diseñado y recopilado un corpus lingüístico especializado del inglés escrito, profesional y académico, de la Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones (5,5 millones de palabras).El repertorio obtenido comprende las formas especializadas, con diferentes grados de especialización, estadísticamente más significativas y representativas. Entre ellas se encuentran términos puramente técnicos que no aparecerían en otro dominio, y unidades léxicas propias del lenguaje general, del académico y de otras áreas del saber que adquieren un significado especial en las telecomunicaciones.La caracterización léxica se complementa con el estudio de las relaciones sintagmáticas, mediante la exploración de los colocados contiguos, colocados significativos, combinaciones especializadas y clusters. / A corpus-based method has been developed to facilitate the semi-automatic detection of specialized vocabulary, by combining qualitative and quantitative criteria in relation to the variables of frequency, distribution, restriction and representativiness of a lexical unit in a specialized domain. The specific corpus designed and compiled for research purposes covers the academic and professional written English of Telecommunication Engineering (5.5 millions words).The obtained lexical repertoire is a list of the statistically most significant and representative specialized forms within a range of different degrees of specialization. There are both highly technical terms restricted to the domain and lexical units from the general, academic and other subject areas language, which activate a specialized meaning in telecommunications.The lexical characterization is completed with the study of sintagmatic relations by exploring adjacent collocates, significant collocates, specialized combinations and clusters.

L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’explorer la frontière entre les erreurs grammaticales d'une part et les erreurs textuelles d'autre part, dans les productions écrites des étudiants francophones rédigeant en anglais langue étrangère (L2) à l’université. Pour ce faire, un corpus de textes d’apprenants en anglais L2 a été recueilli et annoté par le biais de plusieurs schémas d’annotation. Le premier schéma d’annotation est issu de l’UAM CorpusTool, un logiciel qui fournit une taxonomie d’erreurs intégrée. Les premières annotations ont été croisées avec d’autres annotations issues des métafonctions sémantiques que nous avons établies, en nous appuyant sur la linguistique systémique fonctionnelle.En plus de fournir des statistiques en termes de fréquence d’occurrence des erreurs spécifiques chez les apprenants francophones, le croisement des schémas a permis d’identifier certaines valeurs proprement phraséologique, sémantique et textuelle qui semblent poser des problèmes particulièrement épineux. A ce titre, une classification de ce que nous avons appelé des erreurs d’acceptabilité textuelle a été établie, dans le but notamment d’avoir une vue globale sur les erreurs identifiables à ce niveau d’analyse. En bref, le présent travail retrace donc le cheminement de l’ensemble de notre thèse de ses débuts conceptuels jusqu’à la proposition d’un modèle explicatif permettant d’établir la description de toute occurrence erronée identifiée en langue étrangère – qu’elle soit notamment grammaticale (c’est-à-dire, imputable au système linguistique) ou textuelle(c’est-à-dire, imputable au texte). / The main objective of this study is to try and pinpoint the frontier between grammatical (or sentence-level) errors on the one hand and textual errors on the other in university student essays. Accordingly, a corpus of English L2 learner texts, written by French learners, was collected and annotated using several annotation schemes. The first annotation scheme used is based on a model from the UAM CorpusTool software package, which provided us with an integrated error taxonomy. The annotations obtained were then cross-analyzed using the semantic metafunctions identified in systemic functional linguistics.In addition to providing statistics in terms of specific error frequency, our cross analysis has identified some areas that appear to pose particularly difficult problems, i.e. phraseology, and certain semantic and textual constructions. A classification of what we have called textual acceptability errors has thus been established. In short, the thesis begins with an examination of conceptual issues and ends with the proposal for an explanatory model that can describe erroneous occurrences identified in a foreign language – whether they are grammatical (i.e., linked to the language system itself) or textual (i.e. linked to the text) in nature.

The aim of this work was to investigate the treatment given to reading in classes of English as a foreign language at colleges in Maceió, especially in two courses of the tertiary sector of economy Systems Analysis Courses and Executive Secretariat Course. The relevance of the work is related to the importance of reading in English as a necessary activity to the academic and professional literacy. From this research it was possible to observe reading conceptions and its status in force nowadays in the institutions studied. In order to investigate that issue, the methodology used was based on the observations of classes in four colleges in which the discipline Inglês Instrumental (English for Specific Purposes) is taught. Thus, this work can be considered as being a qualitative research, of an ethnographic kind. Besides classroom observations, field note taking, informal interviews and questionnaires for both students and teachers were also used. The theoretical background was based on the studies of the history of reading, the socio-cognitive and discoursive aspects of reading strategies, foreign language teaching approaches and principles of English for Specific Purposes. One of the results obtained indicated that, in a general way, the teachers observed included some of the English for Specific Purposes assumptions in their classes in spite of demonstrating strong influences of the traditional features of language teaching. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o tratamento dado à leitura em aulas de Inglês como língua estrangeira em faculdades de Maceió, especificamente em cursos do setor terciário da economia Análise de Sistemas e Secretariado Executivo. A relevância do trabalho está relacionada à importância da leitura em inglês como uma atividade necessária aos letramentos acadêmico e profissional. A partir desta pesquisa foi possível observar as concepções e seu status em vigor nos dias atuais nas instituições estudadas. Para tal investigação, a metodologia usada foi baseada em observações de aulas em quatro faculdades em que a disciplina Inglês Instrumental é ensinada. Dessa forma, a pesquisa pode ser considerada como qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico. Além das observações em sala de aula, registros, entrevistas informais e questionários escritos para ambos alunos e professores também foram usados. O referencial teórico foi baseado em estudos sobre a história da leitura, os aspectos sociocognitivos e discursivos envolvidos nas estratégias de leitura; abordagens do ensino de línguas estrangeiras e nos princípios do ensino de inglês para fins específicos. Um dos resultados obtidos indicou que, de modo geral, os professores observados utilizam alguns princípios de inglês instrumental em suas aulas, apesar de demonstrarem fortes influências de aspectos tradicionais de ensino de línguas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:25:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1681.pdf: 9469748 bytes, checksum: c338529cfdda9ab66d63e87dd75ae7ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-09 / This study presents a comparison of the English as a Foreign Language courses offered at two companies. Our purpose is to evaluate what is the treatment of the language use specificities in these companies employees peformance of their functions in their daily work routine. We discuss the key role of needs analysis in the design of effective LSP courses, as stated by Hutchinson and Waters (1984, 1987) and Dudley-Evans and St John (1998), among other reserchers in the field. Our data analysis shows how important it is that professionals who decide to work in this area search for solid theoretical information on this fruitful and progressive branch of EFL/ESL, more specifically. Our study can provide initial theoretical basis for those language teachers, especially the ones working with EFL,who wish to be introduced or to obtain / Este estudo objetiva comparar os cursos de inglês de duas empresas a fim de avaliar qual o tratamento dado às especificidades de uso da língua no desempenho das funções de seus funcionários-alunos em suas rotinas de trabalho. Embasados, principalmente, nos achados de Hutchinson e Waters (1984, 1987) e Dudley-Evans e St John (1998), discutimos a relevância da análise de necessidades como instrumento essencial para o planejamento de um curso para propósitos específicos mais adequado às necessidades e aos interesses de um público-alvo. A análise de dados mostra a importância que o conhecimento teórico sobre o ensino de línguas para propósitos específicos tem no trabalho de profissionais que se propõem a atuar nessa, fértil e crescente, área do ensino de línguas. Esta pesquisa pode ser utilizada como um embasamento teórico inicial para professores de língua estrangeira, sobretudo língua inglesa, que queiram conhecer ou saber mais a respeito do planejamento de um curso para propósitos específicos.

Cette thèse en anglais de spécialité s'inscrit dans le champ de la recherche en didactique de l'anglais juridique. Elle a pour objet d'observer si les séries judiciaires télévisuelles américaines contemporaines peuvent être une représentation fidèle de la procédure accusatoire en vigueur aux Etats-Unis. La première partie présente notre cadre théorique et méthodologique. Elle s'ouvre sur une réflexion concernant le champ de l'anglais juridique et les supports pédagogiques à la disposition des enseignants de cette spécialité. Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons en quoi les séries contemporaines sont des illustrations fidèles de la procédure et au discours spécialisé. Dans notre troisième partie, nous observons en quoi les séries judiciaires peuvent être un support motivant pour l'apprentissage de l'anglais juridique. / This dissertation focuses on the field of English for Special Purposes (ESP). It aims at analysing whether contemporary american TV series are reliable sources of information for the teaching of legal English to French law students. Part 1 presents the theoretical and methodological framework of this research. It begins with a reflexion on the definition of legal English and a presentation of all the documents that teachers can use in order to illustrate the common law system. Part 2 focuses on the analysis of specialised content and discourse that one may find in TV series. Part 3 is dedicated to exploring the use of TV series in class from a motivational perspective. Finally we provide several teaching scenarios which imply the use of TV series in order to teach legal English.

Submitted by Fernando de Barros Hyppolito null (fbhyppolito@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-21T19:24:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação julho 2017.pdf: 4381643 bytes, checksum: 69ee3f854438ad8f571cb258d5b59d2b (MD5) / Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido está sem a ficha catalográfica. A versão submetida por você é considerada a versão final da dissertação/tese, portanto não poderá ocorrer qualquer alteração em seu conteúdo após a aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-07-26T13:17:32Z (GMT) / Submitted by Fernando de Barros Hyppolito null (fbhyppolito@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-08T00:36:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Repositório Versão Final Dissertação julho 2017.pdf: 4523215 bytes, checksum: ee69428153fc60d302147650ed03a4c9 (MD5) Repositório Versão Final Dissertação julho 2017.pdf: 4523215 bytes, checksum: ee69428153fc60d302147650ed03a4c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-08-11T13:38:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hyppolito_fb_me_arafcl.pdf: 4523215 bytes, checksum: ee69428153fc60d302147650ed03a4c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T13:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hyppolito_fb_me_arafcl.pdf: 4523215 bytes, checksum: ee69428153fc60d302147650ed03a4c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-31 / Este trabalho objetivou investigar um curso de Inglês para Fins Específicos de um Centro de Ensino de Línguas de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. O estudo visou detectar possíveis causas das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos seus participantes. O curso abordava as habilidades de leitura, interpretação e tradução de textos de diversas áreas, baseando-se nos cursos de graduação que a instituição oferece. A metodologia empregada foi conduzida pelo Estudo de Caso (NUNAN, 1992), Análise de Conteúdo (BAUER, 2007), juntamente com a pesquisa qualitativa (LARSEN-FREEMAN; LONG, 1991). A pesquisa foi realizada com base nos conceitos de Vieira-Abrahão (2006) e Bauer (2007), sendo conduzida na seguinte ordem: coleta de dados dos alunos participantes; organização e categorização dos dados coletados; análise qualitativa, para designar as causas mais comuns de dificuldades, assim como a indicação de alunos que apresentam problemas para realização de tais atividades. Apesar das análises apontarem o bom desempenho dos alunos no aproveitamento geral do curso, identificamos que a ausência dos participantes ao longo do curso, o baixo número de atividades extras executadas, as crenças dos alunos, a pouca dedicação ao estudo de determinados tópicos, e o uso da língua materna foram as causas de algumas dificuldades identificadas. Tecemos comentários sobre os encaminhamentos para futuros cursos, as lacunas identificadas nesta investigação, as possíveis contribuições para a área, bem como os encaminhamentos e temas que apareceram e que podem ser explorados em outros estudos. / This work aimed to investigate an English for Specific Purposes course of a Language Teaching Center of a public university in the state of Sao Paulo. The study intended to detect possible causes of difficulties faced by its participants. The course dealt with the skills of reading, interpreting and translating texts from several areas, based on the undergraduate courses offered by the institution. The methodology used in this investigation was done by the Case Study (NUNAN, 1992), Content Analysis (BAUER, 2007), along with qualitative research (LARSEN-FREEMAN; LONG, 1991). The research was performed based on the concepts of Vieira-Abrahão (2006) and Bauer (2007), being conducted in the following order: data collection of the participating students; organization and categorization of data collected; qualitative analysis, to designate the most common causes of difficulties, as well as the indication of students who presented problems to carry out such activities. Although the analyzes indicate the students' good performance in the general use of the course, we identified that the absence of the participants during the course, the low number of extra activities performed, the lack of the study of certain topics, and the usage of the mother tongue were the causes of some of the problems identified. In the end, we made comments about the referrals for future courses, the gaps identified in this research, the possible contributions to the area, as well as the referrals and themes that appeared and that can be explored in other studies.

Les commentaires sportifs télévisés en anglais n’ont jamais été envisagés selon les principes de l’analyse du discours, c’est-à-dire en mettant en rapport leurs propriétés formelles avec les conditions dans lesquelles ils sont produits et avec les enjeux sociaux, économiques et culturels qu’ils portent. En nous appuyant sur un corpus transcrit par nos soins, composé de cinq retransmissions sportives de forme et de contenu variés (rugby, football, athlétisme et catch), nous tentons de répondre à la question suivante : les commentaires sportifs télévisés en anglais constituent-ils un genre de discours spécialisé ? Leur nature spontanée, de même que la tension entre information et divertissement qui les traverse, semblent incompatibles avec la conception dominante de la spécialisation, qui fait la part belle à la terminologie et à la transmission de connaissances. L’examen du corpus témoigne pourtant d’une réflexion sur les besoins des téléspectateurs et sur la manière d’y répondre. Ainsi, les commentateurs s’appuient sur les images pour réduire la syntaxe à l’essentiel et mettre en relief la dimension cognitive des procès ; par ailleurs, ils cherchent à refléter au mieux les valeurs du sport commenté et à s’accommoder des contraintes qui pèsent sur eux. En définitive, l’étude des commentaires sportifs télévisés démontre le bien-fondé d’une approche graduée de la notion de spécialité qui, en reposant principalement sur la recherche d’efficacité, présente l’avantage de valoir autant pour les discours « manifestement spécialisés » (Petit : 2010) que pour les sciences humaines. / Live sports commentary in English has never been studied following the principles of discourse analysis, which consist in linking its formal properties with its context of production and social, cultural and economic implications. Using the corpus that I transcribed, composed of five sports broadcasts of diverse forms and contents (rugby, football, athletics and wrestling), I attempt to answer the following question: is live sports commentary a specialised genre? Its spontaneous nature and its constant tension between information and entertainment seem hard to reconcile with the prevailing conception of specialisation, which is based upon such notions as terminology and knowledge transfer. Yet, the corpus study shows evidence of a reflection on the viewers’ needs and on how to address them. Commentators tend to rely on the images to reduce syntax to the essence and to emphasise the cognitive dimension of the situations they describe. They also strive to reflect the values of the sports they commentate and to put up with the constraints they face.The study of live sports commentary substantiates a graded approach of specialisation which, by resting mainly upon the speaker’s search for efficiency, has the benefit of applying to discourses that are “evidently specialised” (Petit 2010) as well as to social sciences.

Orientador: Elza Taeko Doi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T20:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_SandraMagalhaesde_M.pdf: 1272275 bytes, checksum: 64c7c04935a346d7349119148bcb6d7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este é um estudo etnográfico que analisa o inglês técnico (¿Inglês para Propósitos Específicos¿ ou IPE) a partir do ponto de vista de alunos de diferentes áreas: Computação, Meio Ambiente e Enfermagem. O objetivo principal é determinar as preferências e as necessidades de cada grupo no que se refere às quatro habilidades (ouvir, falar, ler e escrever). O pressuposto básico contesta a noção de que ensinar IPE deveria significar ensinar ¿leitura¿. Os dados foram coletados através de (1) questionário investigativo, centrado nas preferências dos alunos; (2) gravação de aula em áudio, na qual professora e alunos discutem as respostas ao questionário com o objetivo de negociar o conteúdo do curso; (3) questionário final, que avalia as respostas dos participantes, à luz de suas preferências. O embasamento teórico deste estudo inclui o trabalho de vários pesquisadores, com uma ênfase especial em AUGUSTO (1997) e CELANI (1988) sobre IPE; LEFFA (1999; 2001; 2003) e PAIVA (2005), sobre o papel do inglês como uma língua multinacional; NUNAN (1988; 1999; 2003) e TUDOR (1996) sobre a abordagem centrada no aluno. Os dados coletados mostram que a produção oral, que tende a ser menos focada no inglês técnico, é considerada a mais importante das habilidades pelos alunos de Enfermagem e de Computação. Segundo a opinião dos estudantes de Meio Ambiente, a produção oral vem em segundo lugar. Os resultados são consistentes com a concepção de linguagem dos participantes, isto é, aprender uma língua significa aprender a falar. Além disso, eles corroboram a noção amplamente difundida de que os possíveis candidatos a um emprego devem falar inglês fluentemente a fim de se tornarem competitivos no mercado de trabalho / Abstract: This is an etnographic study that analyzes technical English (¿English for Special Purposes¿ or ESP) from the point of view of students in different fields: Computer Science, Environmental Science and Nursing. The main goal is to determine the preferences and needs of each group as far as the four learning abilities (listening, speaking, reading and writing) are concerned. The basic assumption challenges the notion that teaching ESP should be synonymous with teaching ¿reading¿. The data have been collected by means of (1) an investigative questionnaire, which focuses on students¿ preferences; (2) in-class tape recording, in which teacher and students discuss the answers to the previous questionnaire with intent to negotiate course content material; (3) a final questionnaire, which assesses students¿ responses in light of their preferences. The theoretical underpinnings of this study include the work of a number of researchers, with a special emphasis on Augusto (1997) and Celani (1988), on ESP; Leffa (1999; 2001; 2003) and Paiva (2005), on the role of English as a multinational language; Nunan (1988; 1999; 2003) and Tudor (1996) on student-centered approach. The data show that speaking, which tends to take a back-seat in technical English, is considered the most important of the four abilities by the Nursing and Computer Science students. In the opinion of the Environmental Science students, it comes in second. The results are consistent with the subjects¿ conception of language, that is, learning a language means learning to speak. In addition, they corroborate the widespread notion that prospective candidates must know how to speak English fluently in order to be competitive in the job market / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Orientador: Matilde Virginia Ricardi Scaramucci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T17:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas_PatriciadeOliveira_M.pdf: 3746550 bytes, checksum: dc43570f17a02f5a6d10606a53716429 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este estudo visa apresentar o percurso reflexivo de uma professora recém-graduada, em sua prática de ensino de leitura em inglês com propósitos específicos para funcionários de uma empresa de manutenção de aeronaves. O objetivo das aulas era ensinar esses funcionários a lerem manuais de manutenção, sem a necessidade de traduzi-los. O processo de reflexão sobre a prática da professora foi realizado a partir de seus relatórios, contendo as atividades desempenhadas e o material didático por ela utilizado. Para a fundamentação do trabalho, foram utilizados estudos sobre a reflexão na formação do professor: de Schön (1983; 1992), complementados por Smyth (1992), Zeichner & Liston (1996) e Vieira-Abrahão (2002). No percurso reflexivo da professora deste estudo, as questões pedagógicas propostas por Smyth (1992) foram fundamentais para a retomada de sua prática, mostrando quais eram as visões de leitura da professora e de que maneira esse percurso a ajudou a reformular algumas delas. / Abstract: The objective of this study is to present a period of reflection of a university graduate's teaching practice of reading in English having specific purposes, for workers from an aircraft maintenance company. The aim of the lessons was to teach these workers how to read maintenance manuals without having to translate them. The process of reflection concerning the teaching practice was done using reports, including activities which were carried out, and the teaching material used. Regarding the basis of the work, studies about reflection in teacher training from: Schön (1983; 1992), complemented by Smyth (1992), Zeichner & Liston (1996), and Vieira-Abrahão (2002) were used. In the teacher reflection process, in this study, educational questions proposed by Smyth (1992) were fundamental in getting back to the practice, showing the views of reading of the teacher and in which way this reflection helped her to reformulate some of these views. / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada