Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-28T17:19:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) (dig) Rodrigo Cavalcanti - Mestrado - 2015.pdf: 5072627 bytes, checksum: ee93c02997dad175a2f3146f88e28f68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T17:19:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) (dig) Rodrigo Cavalcanti - Mestrado - 2015.pdf: 5072627 bytes, checksum: ee93c02997dad175a2f3146f88e28f68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / FACEPE / O carnaval é uma data que se destaca no calendário brasileiro. Nessa época diversas festas acontecem por todo o país. Em Pernambuco já existem focos históricos de animação como o bloco do Galo da Madrugada, os palcos distribuídos pelo Recife Antigo e as fantasias das Ladeiras de Olinda. No interior chama a atenção a Folia do Papangu, uma festa conhecida pela presença dos Papangus, pessoas com o corpo inteiramente coberto por tecido e máscaras. Essa festa acontece desde o início do século passado e passou por diversas mudanças e hoje ela se configura como uma das maiores festas carnavalescas de Pernambuco. É um acontecimento repleto de referências culturais históricas da região oferecidas com o trato de um grande evento. As atrações da festa exercem um fascínio naqueles que a presenciam. A pesquisa então foca em entender como se dá esse encanto e a teoria zizekiana sobre o gozo no capitalismo orientou essa busca. Os foliões procuram na festa o gozo, que é estruturado pela fantasia. Observou-se tal experiência como construção sociohistórica e a análise de discurso foucaultiana foi adotada. Como resultados foram encontradas duas formações discursivas complementares que permitem o entendimento do funcionamento do gozo e da fantasia na Folia do Papangu. / Carnival is an outstanding time in brazilian calendar. Many festivities happen all around Brazil in this time. In Pernambuco there has been historic feasts such as Galo da Madrugada, Recife Antigo shows and the fantasies of Olinda. Bezerros, a small city of Pernambuco, draws attention with the Folia do Papangu feast. It is known as place where people covers themselves with fantasies and masks – the Papangu. Folia do Papangu is now one of the greatest feasts in Pernambuco. There, turists experiment an event full of historic and cultural elements with the profissioalism of a big spetacle. Folia do Papangu creates some kind of fascination. This research aims to understand this enchantment. For this, Zizek’s enjoyment theory was used. The people in this event seeks for enjoyment, wich is structured by fantasy, an ideia they have of reality. The research understood such an experience as discoursive and the Foucault’s discourse analysis was adopted. As result, two complementary discoursive formations rose and lead to the understaning of enjoyment and fantasy at Folia do Papangu

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-30T18:01:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese - Brunno Gaião - Propad 2016.pdf: 4366404 bytes, checksum: b102311f561640346657bc1d381dfe7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T18:01:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese - Brunno Gaião - Propad 2016.pdf: 4366404 bytes, checksum: b102311f561640346657bc1d381dfe7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-07 / FACEPE / Cada vez mais a cultura popular passa a ser regida por uma lógica de mercado. Manifestações culturais são resignificadas e oferecidas como produtos para consumo. No caso do carnaval, a festa surge como um evento-espetáculo localizado no fluxo das redes midiáticas. Assumindo as noções de mediação cultural e do discurso das mídias, e a existência de uma ideologia de imperativo do gozo na sociedade contemporânea, debruçamo-nos sobre o Carnaval do Recife partindo de uma perspectiva žižekiana de crítica psicanalítica à ideologia e propomos o seguinte questionamento: como a cobertura jornalística do carnaval do Recife revela a operação do imperativo do gozo na mercadorização desta festa à luz dos discursos fundamentais lacanianos entre os anos de 1985 e 2015? Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa documental adotamos a Análise de Discurso Lacaniana na análise de 810 matérias jornalísticas distribuídas entre os anos de 1985, 1995, 2005 e 2015. A análise evidenciou mudanças ocorridas na configuração dos discursos lacanianos neste período. Os Discursos da Universidade e do Capitalista suportam uma apropriação da cultura como recurso a ser gerenciado e explorado. O Discurso da Histérica apresenta sujeitos histericizados diante do “Carnaval”, significante-mestre ao qual é necessário atribuir significado. O Discurso do Analista produz significantes sínteses da relação dos sujeitos com a festa enquanto objeto de desejo. Na passagem do Discurso do Mestre para o Discurso dos Mercados a Lei patriarcal cede lugar a uma Lei superegóica do gozo, na qual o mais-gozar interpela o sujeito de maneira desublimada, como gozo obsceno e intrusivo. Assim, a conversão da cultura carnavalesca em produto(s) está ligada ao funcionamento do Discurso dos Mercados do carnaval do Recife, permitindo que o mais-gozar seja incorporado por objetos a parciais que atuam no intuito de interpelar o sujeito-folião ininterruptamente. Limites da pesquisa e indicações de novos estudos são feitos ao final do trabalho / Popular culture is becoming more and more governed by a market logic. Cultural manifestations are resignified and offered as products to be consumed. In the case of Carnival, the party appears as a spectacle-event within the flow of media networks. Assuming the notions of cultural mediation and discourse of the media, and the existence of an enjoyment injunction ideology in contemporary society, we examine Recife Carnival through a žižekian perspective of psychoanalytic critique of ideology and propose the following question: how the media coverage of Recife carnival reveals the operation of enjoyment injunction in the commodification of this party in the light of Lacanian fundamental discourses between 1985 and 2015? Through qualitative documentary research we have adopted the Lacanian Discourse Analysis in the analysis of 810 news stories published among the years of 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015. The analysis showed changes in the configuration of Lacanian fundamental discourses in this period. The University and Capitalist Discourses support appropriation of culture as a resource to be managed and exploited. The Hysteric’s Discourses presents subjects hystericized in confrontation with "Carnival" as a master-signifier to which they must assign meaning. The Analyst's Discourse produces significant synthesizers of relationship of subjects with the carnival party as an object of desire. In the transition from Master's Discourse to Discourse of the Markets, patriarchal law gives way to a superegoic enjoyment Law, in which the surplus-enjoyment interpelates the subject in a non sublime way, as an obscene and intrusive enjoyment. Thus, the conversion of carnival culture into product(s) is linked to the operation of Discourse of the Markets in Recife Carnival, allowing surplus-enjoyment to be incorporated by partial objects a, which interpelates the subject-reveler uninterruptedly. Limits of the research and directions for further research are made at the end of work.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A pesquisa trata da dismorfia muscular, tambÃm denominada vigorexia. Considera-se que a âvigorexiaâ nÃo à um conceito psicanalÃtico, mas que à possÃvel aproximar-se deste mediante a PsicanÃlise freudo-lacaniana. Assim, o objetivo à analisar com base na teoria psicanalÃtica a proposta de criaÃÃo, pela Psiquiatria, desse subtipo do jà descrito transtorno dismÃrfico corporal, alÃm de procurar perceber que tipo de discurso està presente no laÃo social do sintoma desses indivÃduos que apresentam clara distorÃÃo na imagem de corpo que os faz se acharem pequenos e fracos, quando na verdade sÃo bastante fortes e musculosos conduzindo-os a uma obsessÃo por atingir o corpo âperfeitoâ. Animado na relaÃÃo desses sujeitos com o desejo e com o gozo, aborda-se a relaÃÃo da vigorexia e os imperativos de gozo hodiernos em sua Ãnfase ao corpo masculino musculoso e definido. Considera-se que nÃo se pode falar da vigorexia como categoria para a PsicanÃlise, pois se deve tratÃ-la como um sintoma, uma expressÃo do mal-estar na cultura, manifestaÃÃo do real de gozo que retorna como uma forma hodierna de o homem se interrogar quanto à masculinidade, sobretudo como maneira de o sujeito fazer frente aos ideais civilizatÃrios que exigem a renÃncia do gozo. Conclui-se que a PsicanÃlise freudo-lacaniana pode apresentar uma teorizaÃÃo sobre a etiologia dessa sintomatologia, sem a necessidade de recorrer à criaÃÃo de novas categorias, seja no interior da teoria, seja para utilizar-se da classificaÃÃo psiquiÃtrica. Percebeu-se estreita articulaÃÃo entre o discurso do universitÃrio e os sintomas vigorÃxicos, sem, no entanto, ser possÃvel asseverar que indivÃduos com sintomas vigorÃxicos sejam necessariamente neurÃticos obsessivos; mas que, na adicÃÃo ao exercÃcio fÃsico como busca de um corpo ideal, hà questÃes que podem fazer forte empuxo à formaÃÃo de obsessÃes. Nesse sentido, elabora-se uma discussÃo de como os sintomas vigorÃxicos podem comparecer nas neuroses obsessiva e na histeria, sem excluir a possibilidade de que ela possa estar presente na perversÃo ou na psicose. / This study concerns to muscular dystrophy, also knows overtraining. The research considers that overtraining is not a psychoanalytic concept, but that it is possible to make both approches closer through freudo-lacanian psychoanalysis. So, this work aims at analyzing, from psychoanalytic research, the purpose of creating a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder, as well as searching to recognize which kind of discourse is within symptom social bond of that individuals who show a clear distortion in their body image, which make them feel weak and small, when, in fact, they are very strong and brawny, leading them into an obsession to reach a âperfectâ body. From such subjectsâ relationship with wish and enjoyment, this study argues on the relationship between overtraining and current imperatives of enjoyment focusing on a male body that is brawny and in shape. The study considers that one cannot talk about overtraining as a category to psychoanalysis, since it has to be treated as a symptom; as an expression of cultural distress; as a manifestation of enjoyment real, that comes back; as a contemporary way man found for questioning about maleness; and, primarily, as a way subject finds to face civilizatory ideals that require bodyâs surrendering. The research concludes that freudo-lacanian psychoanalysis can introduce a theorization on such symptomatology etiology, without needing to create new categories, both inside theory, or to use psychiatric categorization. The work shows a straight articulation between the graduating student discourse and the overtraining symptoms, but it is not possible to assert that individuals showing overtraining symptoms are necessarily obsessive neurotic, although there can be a strong appeal for obsessions formation within searching for ideal body. In such sense, the study designs a discussion on how overtraining symptoms can emerge within obsessive neurosis and hysteria, not excluding its possibility to be present in perversion or psychosis.

The aim of this study was to generate a substantive grounded theory to explain a variety of young people's experiences of football within and external to FA Charter Standard Clubs and Schools. A modified grounded theory methodology (Strauss and Corbin, 1998; Charmaz, 2000) was selected following an ethical commitment to 'listen to young people's voices'. This methodology was underpinned by critical realist ontological assumptions (Sayer, 2000) and reformulated according to Popperian epistemology (Popper, 1972; 1981). Ten mini-ethnographies were conducted in football clubs and schools in England over a period of 12 months. Data were generated through focussed group interviews with young people (aged 8-18), and participant observation captured in field notes. Over three increasingly deductive iterations (or 'vintages') of data collection and analysis, a substantive theory of socialisation processes in youth football was created. This abstract theory hypothesised that young people's experiences may be conceptualised as partially individualised responses to external influences, expressed as desires and concerns that may act reciprocally on the social context. More specific hypotheses (or models) were formulated and 'mapped over' the abstract theory. The relationship between stress, enjoyment and learning in youth football is explored in the first of these models, focussing specifically on the role of significant adults. Coach behaviour and its impact on the youth football environment is the subject of the second model, which describes an 'ideal type' football programme. Female experiences are the subject of the third section of the discussion which focuses on 'first contact' with football (particularly male domination in mixed football) and subsequent socialisation experiences. Here it is conjectured that the development of friendships and identity specific to football may increase the propensity to participate. The final model conceptualises socialisation processes for young players from black and minority ethnic communities. The problems of 'culture barriers' and institutional racism are explored before considering the role youth football might play in the wider 'integration debate'. Finally, some recommendations for policy change and for future research are offered. Here it is suggested that policy changes are monitored and evaluated with critical sociological studies focussing on young people's experiences of coaching and parenting and hegemonic power relations in female and multicultural football respectively.

Undervisningen som till störst del bedrivs i Sverige idag är arbete i matematikläroboken. Forskning visar att eleverna inte upplever att detta arbetssätt är motiverande eller meningsfullt. Problemlösning har i tidigare forskning visat öka elevernas motivation. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur problemlösning kan påverka motivationen hos elever i årskurs 6. Studien undersöker även hur eleverna upplever undervisningen, både genom arbete i läroboken och problemlösning, och hur interaktionen ser ut i klassrummet under de olika arbetssätten. Resultatet visar att eleverna upplevde arbete med problemlösning i grupper som positivt. De uttrycker även att det är mer givande att få arbeta med mer omfattande uppgifter som ger utmaning än att sitta och räkna massa tal i läroboken. Under arbetet med problemlösning pratade eleverna mer med varandra om matematik, och använde relevanta begrepp, jämfört med arbetet i läroboken då de framför allt pratade med läraren när de behövde hjälp. En slutsats som kan dras från denna undersökning är att det är positivt att arbeta med problemlösning då det upplevs roligare och mer motiverande, men undervisningen behöver fortfarande varieras för att nå alla typer av elever. / The mathematics textbook is dominating the teaching in Swedish schools today. Studies show that students don’t experience this as motivating or meaningful. Recent research has shown that problem solving could increase students’ motivation. The aim of this study is to examine how problem solving affects motivation in 6th grade students. The study also examine how students experience the teaching, both through work in the textbook and with problem solving, and how the interaction appears in the classroom during the different ways of working. The result shows that the students experienced problem solving in groups as positive. They expressed that it is more rewarding to work with more comprehensive tasks that is challenging than calculating in the textbook. During the work with problem solving the students talked more to each other about mathematics and used relevant terms. When they worked with the textbook they mostly talked to the teacher when they needed help. One conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that it is positive to work with problem solving as it is perceived more fun and therefore more motivating, but education still needs to be varied to reach all types of learners.

Tangible interfaces and mixed-reality environments have potential to bring together the advantages of physical and virtual environments to improve children’s learning and enjoyment. However, there are too few controlled experiments that investigate whether interacting with physical objects in the real world accompanied by interactive feedback may actually improve student learning compared to flat-screen interaction. Furthermore, we do not have a sufficient empirical basis for understanding how a mixed-reality environment should be designed to maximize learning and enjoyment for children. I created EarthShake, a mixed-reality game bridging physical and virtual worlds via a Kinect depth-camera and a specialized computer vision algorithm to help children learn physics. I have conducted three controlled experiments with EarthShake that have identified features that are more and less important to student learning and enjoyment. The first experiment examined the effect of observing physical phenomena and collaboration (pairs versus solo), while the second experiment replicated the effect of observing physical phenomena while also testing whether adding simple physical control, such as shaking a tablet, improves learning and enjoyment. The experiments revealed that observing physical phenomena in the context of a mixed-reality game leads to significantly more learning (5 times more) and enjoyment compared to equivalent screen-only versions, while adding simple physical control or changing group size (solo or pairs) do not have significant effects. Furthermore, gesture analysis provides insight as to why experiencing physical phenomena may enhance learning. My thesis work further investigates what features of a mixed-reality system yield better learning and enjoyment, especially in the context of limited experimental results from other mixed-reality learning research. Most mixed-reality environments, including tangible interfaces (where users manipulate physical objects to create an interactive output), currently emphasize open-ended exploration and problem solving, and are claimed to be most effective when used in a discovery-learning mode with minimal guidance. I investigated how critical to learning and enjoyment interactive guidance and feedback is (e.g. predict/observe/explain prompting structure with interactive feedback), in the context of EarthShake. In a third experiment, I compared the learning and enjoyment outcomes of children interacting with a version of EarthShake that supports guided-discovery, another version that supports exploration in discovery-learning mode, and a version that is a combination of both guideddiscovery and exploration. The results of the experiment reveals that Guided-discovery and Combined conditions where children are exposed to the guided discovery activities with the predict-observe-explain cycle with interactive feedback yield better explanation and reasoning. Thus, having guided-discovery in a mixed-reality environment helps with formulating explanation theories in children’s minds. However, the results also suggest that, children are able to activate explanatory theory in action better when the guided discovery activities are combined with exploratory activities in the mixed-reality system. Adding exploration to guided-discovery activities, not only fosters better learning of the balance/physics principles, but also better application of those principles in a hands-on, constructive problem-solving task. My dissertation contributes to the literatures on the effects of physical observation and mixed-reality interaction on students’ science learning outcomes in learning technologies. Specifically, I have shown that a mixed-reality system (i.e., combining physical and virtual environments) can lead to superior learning and enjoyment outcomes than screen-only alternatives, based on different measures. My work also contributes to the literature of exploration and guided-discovery learning, by demonstrating that having guided-discovery activities in a mixed-reality setting can improve children’s fundamental principle learning by helping them formulate explanations. It also shows that combining an engineering approach with scientific thinking practice (by combining exploration and guided-discovery activities) can lead to better engineering outcomes such as transferring to constructive hands-on activities in the real world. Lastly, my work aims to make a contribution from the design perspective by creating a new mixed-reality educational system that bridges physical and virtual environments to improve children’s learning and enjoyment in a collaborative way, fostering productive dialogue and scientific curiosity in museum and school settings, through an iterative design methodology to ensure effective learning and enjoyment outcomes in these settings.

Master of Science / Department of Kinesiology / David A. Dzewaltowski / Physically active games are one way to increase caloric expenditure in children. It is unknown if the structure of physically active games impacts physical activity levels. Furthermore, there has been no research examining psychosocial responses during a single game session. This study examined the effects of elimination games (EG) and non-elimination games (NEG) on physical activity (PA), self-efficacy (SE), peer victimization (PV), and enjoyment in children. Children (n=29) in 4th-6th grade (65.5% male) participated in two sessions where they played either NEG or EG. Children were stratified according to gender and weight status into game sessions that were counter-balanced across two days. Each session consisted of playing two games 20 min. in duration. NEG were adopted from the evidence-based Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH) games curriculum and modified for EG. Each child wore an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer and completed an 11-item questionnaire measuring self-efficacy, peer victimization, and enjoyment before and after each game session. Accelerometer data was analyzed using resting energy expenditure (METs). A mixed effects regression model was conducted with child and day nested within child as random effects and observation, game session, weight status, and gender as fixed effects. Overall, girls spent more time in sedentary PA compared to boys (p=0.0123). Children engaged in significantly more moderate-vigorous PA during NEG compared to EG (p=0.0013), ostensibly because of more time in moderate PA during NEG (p=0.0002) and less time in sedentary PA (p<0.0001). Furthermore, children significantly increased SE after playing both game sessions (p=0.0349), but a significant interaction between game session and time of measurement in the prediction of enjoyment showed that enjoyment increased after EG and decreased after NEG (p=0.0138). There were no differences in PV or weight status. These results provide preliminary evidence that NEG provide a greater amount of moderate-vigorous PA compared to EG and introduces differences in enjoyment responses during EG and NEG. Therefore, it is important to promote NEG to increase physical activity, but also important to monitor enjoyment responses to promote a healthy, but fun environment for children.

[pt] Esta dissertação consiste em uma aproximação entre a concepção de erotismo em Georges Bataille e a noção de gozo em Jacques Lacan, em um momento específico de seu ensino: o Seminário VII. Bataille e Lacan, herdeiros do pensamento freudiano, concebem o erotismo na visada da morte, em um sentido específico próprio a cada um. A morte, aqui, assinala a incompatibilidade entre o desejo, nossa existência habitual e o gozo em si. Finalmente, destacamos que, para ambos os autores, abordar o erotismo pela via da transgressão exige a formulação de uma ética. / [en] This dissertation is the approximation between the conception of eroticism in Georges Bataille and the notion of jouissance in Jacques Lacan, at a specific moment of this teaching: The seminar book VII. Bataille and Lacan, heirs of Freudian thought, conceive eroticism in sight of death, in a proper way to each one. Death, here, points to the incompatibility between desire, our usual existence and jouissance in itself. Finally, we emphasize that, for both authors, address the eroticism through transgression requires the formulation of an ethic.

[pt] Desde seus primeiros trabalhos, Freud dedicou-se à questão da angústia, da qual fazemos tema deste trabalho. Sua teoria sobre este afeto, no entanto, foi sendo submetida a uma série de revisões. Parece-nos permear este percurso uma articulação constante entre a angústia e um excesso impossível de representar que invade o sujeito nesta experiência. A fim de estabelecer as bases dessa leitura, percorremos em Freud e Lacan textos fundamentais sobre este afeto, enfatizando o que ali encontramos que deponha a favor da hipótese de uma aproximação entre angústia e excesso, que Freud, posteriormente, veio a articular como o além do princípio do prazer e que Lacan chamou de gozo. Na última e definitiva elaboração freudiana acerca da angústia, ela é considerada sinal diante de um perigo. Este perigo, em última instância, perigo de retorno de uma situação de desamparo psíquico, Lacan o formula como objeto a, o objeto da angústia. A relação da angústia com um objeto, longe de estar dada desde o início, foi sendo construída a partir das indicações do caráter real desta vivência, algo inominável e inapreensível pela teoria do recalque, mas que, por outro lado, representava um algo diante de que se angustiar. A despeito da crescente medicalização e da oferta de soluções rápidas para aplacar a angústia, a clínica contemporânea tem mostrado que essa questão está longe de perder relevância. Suas manifestações nos dias de hoje, no entanto, vêm apresentando a angústia muito mais em sua face traumática que em sua função de defesa. No lugar das fobias clássicas, as crises de pânico sem explicação. Vejamos de que modo a abordagem da angústia como experiência que testemunha a dimensão do real pode contribuir para a clínica contemporânea, especialmente no que concerne ao pânico. / [en] From his early work, Freud devoted himself to the issue of anguish, which is the theme of this work. His theory on this affect, however, was being subjected to a series of reviews. A constant discussion between anguish and an unrepresentable excess that pervades the subject seem to be around this study. In order to establish the basis of this reading, we have examined some important texts from Freud and Lacan, pointing out what we have found there to testify in favor of the hypothesis of an approach between anguish and excess, which Freud later articulated as the beyond the pleasure principle and what Lacan called jouissance. In the last and final freudian elaboration about the anguish, it was considered a sign of danger, as a risk of returning to a psychic state of helplessness. Lacan formulates this danger as the object a, the object of anguish. The relation of the anguish to an object, far from being established from the outset, was being made from the indication of the real nature of this experience, something unnamable and ungraspable by the theory of repression, but that, on the other hand, represented something up against which we should be anguished. Despite the increasing medicalization and the offers of quick solutions to ease the anguish, the contemporary clinic has shown that this issue is far from losing its relevance. Although, its current manifestations have been presenting the anguish in a much more traumatic way than in its function of defense. Instead of the classical phobias, there are panic attacks without explanation. We are going to see how the approach of anguish as an experience wich testifies the dimension of the real can contribute to the contemporary clinic, especially in relation to panic.

Chaque sujet doit composer avec le manque en tant que "parlêtre" et "sujet du désir". Le symptôme qui révèle le manque a son lot de souffrances. Celles-ci submergent parfois le sujet dans le trou du réel en le déstabilisant. Comment aider à donner du sens au manque dévoilé par la souffrance dans le symptôme ? Existe-t-il une façon optimale de se positionner face au manque ? Que faire avec le réel ? Le modèle psychanalytique, avec l'expérience du transfert/contre-transfert, donne une réponse et une possibilité de sortie. Dans cette thèse nous soumettrons des pistes pour faire face au manque et au réel inhérent. Lacan nous dit qu'à la fin de l'analyse il peut y avoir un lien inédit avec le symptôme, lien qui consiste à admette le "jouis" qui fonde le "suis", c’est-à-dire à assumer le fait d'avoir un manque qui rendra le sinthome pur. Le sujet se positionnera autrement. Il continuera à aller de l'avant, singulièrement inséré dans son environnement avec une nouvelle conscience, en établissant un maximum de liens optimaux avec les autres et son milieu. Un certain nombre d'études concluent que l'homme n'a pas de but extérieur à lui-même : il serait son propre but. Or le positionnement féminin propose une autre sortie qui ouvre le sujet à l'infini impossible à saisir mais toujours possible à entrevoir. Maître Eckhart l'a illustré en voyant le manque comme une voie de liberté et de réalisation dans cet impossible. Le sujet, libre de sa castration tentera de cerner un bout du réel, encore et encore, mais sans jamais s'en débarrasser. / Each individual has to face its dependence towards the "parlêtre" and the "subject of desire". The symptom that reveals its dependence is painful, and can sometimes overwhelms the subject by projecting him in an abysm of destabilizing reality. How can we help people finding meaning to this dependence now revealed and its painful symptom? Is there an ideal way to take action towards this dependence? What can be done with this reality? The psychoanalytic model, with the transfer/against transfer experience, gives an answer and a possible way to overcome the issue. In this thesis, clues will be given so that one can overcome the dependence and its inherent reality. Lacan tells us that at the end of the analyses, it can be a new link with the symptom, link which consists of admitting the "enjoy" which found the "be", that is to say to assume the fact that the dependence exists which makes the symptom pure. The individual will have a different opinion. He will continue on going forward, well established in his environment with a new consciousness. Some studies suggest that human being has not external goal in relation to himself: he would be his own goal. However the female positioning may open a new way offering the subject to the elusive infinity that we are always able to glimpse but not to grasp. Maître Eckhart illustrates it, showing the lack as a way of freedom and achievement in the suffering situation. The subject, free from his own castration will try again and again to catch a piece of real without ever getting rid of it.