Thèses (M.Serv.Soc.)--Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2005. / In ProQuest dissertations and theses. Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 18 oct. 2007). Publié aussi en version papier.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Bibliogr.: f. 255-272. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Ο ορισμός και η ανάλυση της έννοιας του κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού και συγκεκριμένα των διαφόρων παραγόντων που συντελούν στο φαινόμενο αυτό. Η καταγραφή των μεγάλων συγκοινωνιακών έργων που έχουν ολοκληρωθεί και εκείνων που είναι υπό κατασκευή και πως εκείνα έχουν βοηθήσει στην καταπολέμηση του συγκεκριμένου φαινομένου στη περιοχή της Δυτικής Ελλάδος και συγκεκριμένα στο νομό Αιτωλοακαρνανίας / --

This dissertation interrogates the links between immigration, citizenship, and social inequality by exploring temporary migrants' lived experiences of social exclusion in Manitoba. Based within a provincial context that supports temporary migrants' transitions to permanent residency through the Provincial Nominee Program, I examine how the promise of permanent settlement and a two-step immigration process influences migration decisions and the lived experiences that follow. Also, this dissertation highlights the ways in which temporary migrants find ways to exercise agency as they negotiate a complex migration system that is designed to exclude them. Drawing on twenty-six in-depth qualitative interviews and informed by a narrative methodology, I analyze accounts of temporary migrants who work in the hog processing industry in two rural communities. Using a theoretical lens informed by segmented labour market theory and citizenship theories, the dissertation reveals how processes of social exclusion are the outcomes of both labour market positions and legal exclusion from full membership in a nation-state. As a result, temporary migrants are positioned in an uncertain state of partial legal and social belonging. Theorizing the social effects of temporary migrants' location both in the labour market and in the complex matrix of legal statuses demonstrates the nuanced ways that temporary migrants understand how they can and do fit in Canadian society and make decisions based on such understandings. A significant empirical finding from this research is that having options for permanent residency is not a panacea for temporary migrants' unequal and marginalized social locations. In fact, the promise of permanent residency can contribute to an imbalance of power where employers have control over the futures of temporary migrants and their families. Pervasive effects of non-permanent status persist long after transitions to permanent resident status and are compounded by social dimensions such as language, class, gender, and race to shape temporary migrants' ability to engage in Canadian society. My analysis reveals the ways in which government designations (legal status) lack the ability to entirely erase social markers, making it questionable whether such classifications can restructure the social interactions and experiences of temporary migrants. / February 2016

Nonequilibrium statistical physics involves the study of many-particle systems that break time reversibility|also known as detailed balance|at some scale. For states in thermal equilibrium, which must respect detailed balance, the comprehensive theory of statistical mechanics was developed to explain how their macroscopic properties arise from interactions between their microscopic constituent particles; for nonequilibrium states no such theory exists. The study of active matter, made up of particles that individually transduce free energy to produce systematic movement, provides a paradigm in which to develop an understanding of nonequilibrium behaviours. In this thesis, we are interested in particular in the microscopic interactions that generate the clustering of active particles that has been widely observed in simulations, and may have biological relevance to the formation of bacterial assemblages known as biofilms, which are an important source of human infection. The focus of this thesis is a microscopic lattice-based model of two random walkers interacting under mutual exclusion and undergoing the run-and-tumble dynamics that characterise the motion of certain species of bacteria, notably Escherichia coli. I apply perturbative and exact analytic approaches from statistical physics to three variants of the model in order to find the probability distributions of their nonequilibrium steady states and elucidate the emergent interactions that manifest. I first apply a generating function approach to the model on a one-dimensional periodic lattice where the particles perform straight line runs randomly interspersed by instantaneous velocity reversals or tumbles, and find an exact solution to the stationary probability distribution. The distribution can be interpreted as an effective non-equilibrium pair potential that leads to a finite-range attraction in addition to jamming between the random walkers. The finite-range attraction collapses to a delta function in the limit of continuous space and time, but the combination of this jamming and attraction is suffciently strong that even in this continuum limit the particles spend a finite fraction of time next to each other. Thus, although the particles only interact directly through repulsive hard-core exclusion, the activity of the particles causes the emergence of attractive interactions, which do not arise between passive particles with repulsive interactions and dynamics respecting detailed balance. I then relax the unphysical assumption of instantaneous tumbling and extend the interacting run-and-tumble model to incorporate a finite tumbling duration, where a tumbling particle remains stationary on its site. Here the exact solution for the nonequilibrium stationary state is derived using a generalisation of the previous generating function approach. This steady state is characterised by two lengthscales, one arising from the jamming of approaching particles, familiar from the instant tumbling model, and the other from one particle moving when the other is tumbling. The first of these lengthscales vanishes in a scaling limit where continuum dynamics is recovered. However, the second, entirely new, lengthscale remains finite. These results show that the feature of a finite tumbling duration is relevant to the physics of run-and-tumble interactions. Finally, I explore the effect of walls on the interacting run-and-tumble model by applying a perturbative graph-theoretic approach to the model with reflecting boundaries. Confining the particles in this way leads to a probability distribution in the low tumble limit with a much richer structure than the corresponding limit for the model on a periodic lattice. This limiting probability distribution indicates that an interaction over a finite distance emerges not just between the particles, but also between the particles and the reflecting boundaries. Together, these works provide a potential pathway towards understanding the clustering of self-propelled particles widely observed in active matter from a microscopic perspective.

This dissertation investigates the exclusion of Moses from the Promised Land in Numbers and Deuteronomy. Why are there different reasons given for his exclusion in the two books? Can they be explained by the complex redactions of Deuteronomy? There are four different answers to the question of Moses’ exclusion. According to Deut 1-3, divine anger is directed at Moses because he is the leader of the first exodus generation on whom the wrath of God is visited. Moses is excluded because he should bear the same punishment as the first generation of Israelites who left Egypt. Another reason is given in Deut 4, a mixture of late layers in the Deuteronomistic History. Accordingly, Moses’ exclusion is compared to the destruction and scattering of the future generations of the Israelites who provoked God to anger. The “anger-punishment pattern” of Moses’ exclusion, which is a theme of divine anger in the Deuteronomistic History, is used to confess the sin of the Israelites. Thirdly, in the post-Priestly passages in Numbers and Deuteronomy, Moses is ordered to die because of the sin of failing to sanctify YHWH. The exclusion of Moses is a natural consequence of his death outside the Promised Land. Finally, Deut 31 and 34 imply that Moses has reached the limit of life span which was set by YHWH.

A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo analisar os múltiplos determinantes propulsores da reprovação dos alunos dos 1 e 2 períodos dos Cursos Técnicos Integrado ao Ensino Médio em Química e Controle Ambiental no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro/campus Nilópolis. Não cabe nesse estudo dar conta de todos os determinantes, por que são muitos e, é inalcançável exauri-los, mas, refletir sobre os que mais respondem sobre a reprovação. O Ensino Médio e a Educação Profissional possuem centralidade neste trabalho justamente pela relação dual e dicotômica entre trabalho e educação no sistema capitalista e assunção da educação pelo Estado. É intenção de o trabalho discutir até que ponto o IFRJ na intencionalidade da educação que ministra vai em direção da transformação ou conformação social. A discussão dos dados realizou-se num movimento constante entre as partes e o todo, ou seja, sem ponto absoluto de partida ou de chegada. Para realizar a pesquisa foram utilizados questionário e entrevista semi-estruturados aplicados com os alunos do 1 e 2 períodos dos cursos, com os professores que ministram aulas nestes períodos, coordenadores dos cursos de Química e Controle Ambiental, os dirigentes da direção de ensino sistêmica e do campus e a Coordenação Técnico-Pedagógica. O roteiro do questionário e da entrevista teve como eixo central levantar os principais fatores apontados pelos pesquisados que direta/indiretamente conduzem a reprovação. As principais conclusões apontam para a individuação e culpabilização da reprovação, a externalização do fenômeno, a filosofia institucional liberdade com responsabilidade e a estrutura administrativa e pedagógica. / The present Masters dissertation has the goal of analysing the multiple variables that determine the retention of students who are in the 1st and 2nd semesters of the Chemistry and Environmental Control Technical Course Integrated with High School at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, located in Rio de Janeiro/Nilopolis campus. The goal of this study is not to analayze all the variables that contribute to students retention; because such variables are numerous, it would be impossible to analize all of them. Instead, this study aims to reflect about the variables that are most responsible for students retention. The High School and the Professional Education have centralized their efforts in this analysis because of the duo and dichotomic relationship between work and education in the capitalist system, and the ascension of education by the State. The intention of this study is to discuss up to what point the IFRJ, in the intentionality of the education it provides, goes on the direction of transformation or social conformity. The discussion of the data took place in a constant movement between the parts and the whole, this is, without any absolute finish or start points. This research was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with students from the 1st and 2nd semesters of the courses. These questionnaires/interviews were administered during the class period by the teachers who taught them, by the coordenators of the Chemistry and Environmental Control courses, by the directors of campus and systemic learning, and by the Technical-Pedagogic coordenation. The script of the questionaires and interviews had the central goal of finding out the most important factors pointed out by the interviewees as direct/indirect contributors to retention. The most important conclusions indicate an individualization and blaming of retention, externalization of the phenomenon, the instutional philosophy freedom with responsibility, and the administrative and pedagogic structure.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_ea_me_rcla.pdf: 1229331 bytes, checksum: b0b54220fc81d0a8fa7a1b50b2ffee73 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida na comunidade do Riachão, que tem mais de 250 anos de existência, de vida autônoma e de contato com as culturas da sociedade nacional. A escolha dessa comunidade se deu pelo fato de se tratar de uma comunidade que vive fora dos padrões sociais condicionantes daquilo que, até pouco tempo, era conhecido como único modelo de civilização. Ela buscou sua fundamentação teórica na Etnomatemática, que estuda as várias maneiras de explicar e de entender os distintos contextos naturais e socioeconômicos, diferenciados no tempo e no espaço. Reflete o que o olhar limitado permitiu observar e interpretar de forma transcultural e holística acerca do que esses saberes/fazeres representam para a construção do ser Kalunga. Usando as técnicas de caráter etnográfico, procurei analisar o desenvolvimento dessa organização, levando em consideração seus aspectos históricos, sociais e circunstanciais. Assim, esta pesquisa possui algumas das características dos estudos antropológicos, cuja prática essencial é a etnografia dos efeitos do contato da cultura com outras culturas no âmago de seu dinamismo cultural. Sua proposta é: observar a produção de conhecimento surgida da necessidade que a comunidade tem de se estabelecer de modo independente e, nessa dinâmica de produção de conhecimento, verificar o processo de difusão dessa cultura, estudar os hábitos alimentares, vestuários, dança, pinturas, artesanatos, rituais religiosos, etc. fazendo emergir as matemáticas produzidas e, ainda, descrever o processo educacional da criança Kalunga que habita o Riachão. / The present research was developed in the community of Riachão, that has more than 250 years of existence, of autonomous life and of contact with the cultures of the national society. The choice of that community was because the fact of being a community that lives out of the patterns social stipulated of that that, until little time, it was known as the only civilization model. It looked for her theoretical justify in Ethnomatemathics, that studies the several ways to explain and of understanding the different natural contexts and socioeconomics, differentiated in the time and in the space. It reflect the vision that the limited glance allowed to observe and to interpret in the cultural dynamics, of form holistic, those that know-how represents for the construction of the Kalunga being. Using the techniques of character ethnographic, I tried to analyze the development of that organization, taking into their account aspects historical, social and incidental. Thus, this research possesses some of the characteristics of the anthropological studies, whose essential practice is the ethnography of the effects of the contact of the culture with other cultures in the heart of cultural dynamism. Her proposal is: to observe the emerged knowledge production of the need that the community has to establish in an independent way and, in that dynamics of knowledge production, to verify the process of diffusion of that culture, to study the alimentary habits, clothings, dances, paintings, crafts, religious rituals, etc., making to emerge the produced mathematics and, still, to describe the process educational of the child Kalunga child that inhabits Riachão.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_vma_me_bauru.pdf: 470251 bytes, checksum: 80b697f01583ca46174889b1804fcfbe (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação tem por finalidade discutir a configuração jornalística da revista Ocas, e suas imbricações com as relações sociais que delineiam o projeto social que a sustenta, a Organização Civil de Ação Social (OCAS). Para atingir tal objetivo a dissertação parte do estudo da configuração do espaço urbano e as contradições e tensões inerentes ao seu desenvolvimento, buscando pontuar o papel da comunicação nesse contexto e a sua relação com as principais características do fenômeno da urbanização. Em seguida, são apresentadas as principais discussões em torno da conceituação de experiências comunicativas que se pretendem críticas ou alternativas no contexto social na contemporaneidade, buscando localizar, dentre os vários conceitos apresentados, o objeto deste estudo. Por fim, utilizando-se os recursos metodológicos da análise de conteúdo, complementada pela análise de enquadramento, são analisadas duas seções específicas da revista Ocas - as reportagens de capa e a seção Cabeça sem teto - nas edições que circularam nos anos de 2009 e 2010. A partir da leitura e descrição dos textos analisados, este estudo faz uma caracterização da prática jornalística em questão, revelando as estratégias que a publicação utiliza para estruturar sua atuação social, cujo principal objetivo é oferecer à população em situação de rua e/ou risco social possibilidades de obtenção de renda e superação da exclusão, além de configurar uma forma de visibilidade para tal conjuntura / This dissertation aims to discuss the journalistic settings in Ocas magazine and its connections with the social relations that shape the social project which supports it - the Civil Organization for Social Action (OCAS). To achieve this goal, we study the urban space configuration and the contradictions and tensions inherent to its development, in order to measure the role of communications in this context and its relations to the main features of the urbanization phenomenon. Then, we present the main discussions on publications that have experienced a kind communication based on criticism, also named alternative, in the contemporary social context, to define, among the many concepts presented, this object of study. Eventually, using the content analysis methodology, complemented by the framework analysis, two specfic sections of Ocas magazine are analyzed - the cover stories and that one named 'Cabeça sem teto' (Homeless Head', in a free translation) - throughout the edition that circulated in 2009 and 2010. From the reading and description of the texts analyzed, this study presents a characterization of the journalistic practices found on them, showing the strategies that the publication uses for structuring its social performance. Its main goal is to offer, to the homeless people and/or people at social risk, opportunities to obtain incomes, overcome exclusion and raise visibility to their situation

Orientador: Antonio Nivaldo Hespanhol / Banca: Edgar Aparecido da Costa / Banca: Sonia Maria N. Marangoni Montes / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a citricultura paulista a partir do aparecimento da doença de citros denomin ada cancro cítrico no município de Presidente Prudente - SP, no ano de 1957. O combate ao cancro cítrico mobilizou os poderes públicos e privados no Estado de São Paulo, desencadeando o maior embargo fitossanitário da história da agricultura brasileira. As conseqüências desse embargo refletem até os dias atuais um quadro de exclusão frente aos poucos produtores da Região de Presidente Prudente - SP. Além disso, provocou um intenso debate na região a respeito do papel desempenhado pelo FUNDECITRUS, em suas a ções de erradicação do cancro cítrico na região, promovendo assim de acordo com os produtores um tratamento desigual para os produtores da região em questão e os produtores da região nobre da citricultura ao Norte do Estado. / Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze the citriculture State São Paulo starting from the emergence of the disease of citric denominated citrus canker in the municipal district of Presidente Prudente - SP, in the year of 1957. The combat to the citrus canker mobilized the public and private powers in the State of São Paulo, unchaining the largest seizure phytosanitary of the history of the Brazilian agriculture. The consequences of that seizure contemplate little by little until the current days a picture and exclusion front producing Region of Presidente Prudente - SP. Besides, it provoked an intense debate in the area regarding the paper carried out by FUNDECITRUS, in their action s of erradication of the citrus canker in the area, promoting like this in agreement with the producers an unequal treatment for the producing of the area in subject and the producing of the noble area of the citriculture to the North of the State. / Mestre