This Thesis follows the portfolio format and a brief overview is given here. Chapter one is a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between emotion regulation, anxiety and depression in older adults. Chapter two is a research journal which explores the relationship between fear of falling and emotion regulation in community dwelling older adults. The systematic review is written up for publication in the Journal of Affective Disorders. The research article is written up for publication in Aging and Mental Health. Their respective style guidelines were followed. Purpose The aim of the thesis was to explore the relationship between emotion regulation and psychological distress in older adults. The aim of the systematic review was to explore the relationship between self-reported emotion regulation, anxiety and depression in older adults. The empirical study aimed to look at the relationship between fear of falling, a common type of psychological distress in older adults, and emotion regulation. It also aimed to look at the relationship between fear of falling related avoidance behaviour and emotion regulation. Methods The literature was systematically searched for research which has explored the relationship between emotion regulation, anxiety and depression in older adults. The papers which met the inclusion criteria were rated according to predetermined quality criteria. An overview of the results and implications were discussed. The empirical research used a cross-sectional design to examine the research hypothesis. Older adults completed self-report measures of emotion regulation, fear of falling, fear-related avoidance behaviour, anxiety and depression. Correlational analysis explored the relationship between the study variables. A linear regression model examined the unique contribution of emotion regulation to fear of falling after controlling for age, falls history, anxiety and depression. Results 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The most prevalent relationship explored was that between rumination and depression with consistent evidence that higher levels of rumination were related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Common methodological limitations were the lack of valid and reliable emotion regulation measures for older adults, non-random sampling, and failure to control for important confounding factors. Within the empirical research, a significant relationship between emotion regulation and fear of falling was found. There was also a significant relationship between emotion regulation and fear of falling avoidance behaviour. After controlling for age, number of falls, depression and anxiety, emotion regulation was no longer significantly associated with fear of falling. Depression was the only modifiable variable that retained a significant association to fear of falling.

The recent rapid warming of the planet, driven overwhelmingly by human emissions and activities, represents a novel and dire threat to both human and natural systems. It also constitutes an unprecedented global injustice, with those facing the first and, in many cases, the worst impacts being least responsible for causing the problem: the global poor, other species and future generations. Awakening to such a threat also presents a challenge for ethical deliberation, through provoking deep emotional responses that disturb settled identities. In view of all this, the task of ethical deliberation is urgently required. Yet it is itself vulnerable to being derailed by a variety of coping mechanisms that operate to keep the true scale of the problem below the level of our full attention and prevent the necessary frank assessment of what may be required of us. These largely unconscious protective strategies also open the door to those very emotions being exploited by the cultural, economic and political forces primarily responsible for the crisis in the first place. Hence, superficial and inadequate responses proliferate while many feel paralysed into inaction. In the face of this threat to thought, this project seeks to articulate an identity and stance based on Christian theological resources that opens up new space for ethical deliberation in the face of climate fears. Instead of being paralysed by such fears, this thesis argues that fear can instead illuminate and motivate when it is resituated in the service of love through solidarity with the suffering Christ, the poor and with the whole community of creation.

Skin conductance responses were used to assess the effects of THC on conditioned fear response amplitude and extinction using a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm that paired an aversive unconditioned stimulus (shock) with a conditioned stimulus (angry face). Participants (N = 10 males) exhibited conditioning to the CS+, as indicated by a larger CR to the CS+ than to the CS-. THC did not have a significant effect on extinction of the CR across trials, but there was a significant interaction of social anxiety with drug that suggests that THC may facilitate extinction of CR to fear-conditioned stimuli in more socially anxious individuals. These results provide support for the hypothesis that THC may act as an anxiolytic in fear-eliciting situations. The current study was limited by a small sample size and a potential confound that may have influenced the SCL during conditioned responding.

O presente trabalho pretende investigar o tema da morte a partir da abordagem do filósofo franco-lituano Emmanuel Levinas, tendo como base suas obras Totalité et Infini (1961) com tradução para o português - e Dieu, la mort et le temps (1993) em sua tradução para a língua espanhola -, dialogando com a obra do filósofo alemão, Martín Heidegger, intitulada de Ser e Tempo (1927). Provavelmente, Levinas seja um dos filósofos do século XX mais debatidos e, por pertencer a uma família judaica, educado segundo sua tradição religiosa, a sua abordagem filosófica se mostra pertinente para nossa reflexão. Esta pesquisa se delimitará no estudo e reflexão sobre o tema da morte, pois essa questão não tem sua importância apenas para as reflexões religiosa e filosófica, mas para o homem enquanto ser que vive como um todo. A relevância desta pesquisa está na reflexão do sentido da morte para o ser humano, como um ser que vive, além das consequências emocionais envoltas no fenômeno da morte como angústia, medo e desconhecimento. Levinas entra em um intenso diálogo com a filosofia heideggeriana e sua abordagem sobre a morte e suas repercussões no homem. Esta pesquisa está dividida em três partes: a primeira etapa deste trabalho tratará da introdução sobre o autor, ou seja, sua pessoa, seu tempo e sua obra; na segunda parte deste estudo, trataremos da concepção da morte para o filósofo com quem Levinas mais dialoga na obra Dios, la muerte y el tiempo, Martín Heidegger e seu ser-para-a-morte. Aqui, trataremos da finitude do Dasein, do projeto ontológico heideggeriano, bem como a angústia, medo e as possiblidades existenciais mais autênticas do Ser; na terceira parte de nossa proposição de estudos, lançar-nos-emos à reflexão de temas referentes à morte na filosofia levinasiana. Nessa parte, refletiremos acerca da nossa morte, da morte do Outro e temas circundantes ao tema do morrer, como angústia, medo e o infinito. A metodologia que será aplicada a esta pesquisa está baseada nas análises da reflexão levinasiana a partir de Dios, la muerte y el tiempo, Totalidade e Infinito de Emmanuel Levinas e Ser e Tempo de Heidegger. Pretende-se com este trabalho contribuir para os estudos em ciências da religião, filosofia da religião e teologia, bem como em outras áreas afins.

Submitted by Olavo Negrão Pereira Barreto null (1295659@fclar.unesp.br) on 2017-07-14T22:17:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O Medo e a Política Antiterror do Ocidente no Processo de Globalização.pdf: 1194416 bytes, checksum: 452a58284ad6d8b41de7c3f2cb85e141 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-18T20:39:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barreto_onp_me_arafcl.pdf: 1194416 bytes, checksum: 452a58284ad6d8b41de7c3f2cb85e141 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T20:39:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barreto_onp_me_arafcl.pdf: 1194416 bytes, checksum: 452a58284ad6d8b41de7c3f2cb85e141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo contemplar uma análise sociológico histórica sobre o fenômeno do terrorismo. Focalizando o espaço temporal no cenário de globalização pós-fim da Guerra Fria, seguindo-se da reconfiguração da geopolítica global, até os dias atuais onde o terrorismo, assim como a guerra, se fazem presentes na vida de todos os cidadãos, direta ou indiretamente, cotidianamente. Buscou-se uma reconstituição histórica do fenômeno, assim como os processos que foram transformando o terrorismo em um instrumento de manipulação de massa através da dispersão do medo global. Medo este que possibilitou um contexto de militarização da vida social e da desconstrução da soberania nacional e do universo do Direito. / The present work aims to contemplate a historical sociological analysis of the phenomenon of terrorism. Focusing the temporal space in the scenario of globalization after the end of the Cold War, followed by the reconfiguration of global geopolitics, to the present day where terrorism, as well as war, are present in the lives of all citizens, directly or indirectly, every day. We sought a reconstruction of the history of the phenomenon, as well as the processes that were transforming terrorism into an instrument of mass manipulation through the dispersion of global. Fear this that allowed a context of militarization of social life and deconstruction of national sovereignty and of the universe of the Right.

abstract: There is a popular notion that creativity is highly valued in our culture. However, those "in the trenches," people in creative endeavors that actually produce the acts of creativity, say this is not so. There is a negative correlation between the value stated and the true value placed on creativity by our contemporary culture. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate that correlation as well as a possible contributing factor to this negative correlation--the fear of risk involved in enacting and accepting creativity. The methods used in this study were literature review and interview. An extensive literature review was done, as much has been written on creativity. The review was done in four parts: 1) the difficulty in defining creativity; 2) fear and the fear of creativity; 3) solutions - ways to be, express, and accept creativity; and 4) the plethora of articles written about creativity. Six one-on-one interviews were conducted with creative individuals from a variety of commercial creative endeavors. Creatives in commercial fields were chosen specifically because of their ability to influence the culture. The results of this study showed that the hypothesis, that there is a negative correlation between the value stated and the true value placed on creativity, is true. The fear of risk involved in enacting and accepting creativity as a factor in this dichotomy was also shown to be true. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.D. Design 2013

The successful reduction of fear is the aim of clinicians treating people with anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder or phobias. Existing treatments for these conditions, however, require many treatment sessions and are prone to relapse. A new technique, first demonstrated in rats by Monfils, Cowansage, Klann, & LeDoux (2009) and later shown to be effective in humans (Schiller et al., 2010), provides a method of efficiently reducing fear in a manner which is resistant to various known triggers of relapse. This procedure involves a single presentation of the fear-inducing stimulus one hour prior to extinction training. This procedure produces extinction learning that is resistant to the return of fear resulting from a change of context, the passage of time, exposure to the unconditioned stimulus, and even further conditioning of the stimulus with an aversive stimulus. This dissertation focuses on one particular property of this procedure: that a stimulus extinguished using this procedure is resistant to subsequent retraining of the fear association. The first four experiments presented here are aimed at replicating this phenomenon and determining whether prediction error at retrieval is necessary for the effect to occur. Following on from these studies, the next chapter presents three experiments which investigate whether trial spacing effects could explain the enhanced extinction and highlights conditions under which the effect is weakened, or possibly reversed. The next three experiments compare the properties of a stimulus extinguished under these conditions with a stimulus extinguished under normal conditions. These studies focus on explanations involving inhibition, inattention and the disruption of stimulus representations. In the final three experiments, the possibility of reversing the effect is investigated. These studies look at the effect of memory retrieval prior to retraining of the stimulus to determine the conditions under which the stimulus can again come to elicit a fear response.

There is a tendency amongst scholars to view comedic elements common to Roman Comedy, such as the tricky subordinate or the nagging wife, as part of a developing Western Comedic Tradition. The appearance of these characters in Medieval Japanese Kyōgen, a comedic art-form unconnected with Western Comedy, challenges this viewpoint and suggests that they are part of a wider comedic identity. This thesis compares and contrasts Roman Comedy and Kyōgen through their techniques of fear-alleviation, exploring the manner in which each culture addresses social anxieties. The first chapter explores the comedic master-slave/servant relationship through the medium of the tricky slave/servant. It examines how the motif of the tricky subordinate is used to alleviate contemporary fears of authority figures. Chapter 2 considers the other half of this relationship, focusing on authority’s fear of rebellion and how this is addressed through the loyal and/or stupid slave/servant. Chapter 3 explores the depiction of religious and supernatural figures in the two comedic forms and examines the methods by which these awe-inspiring beings are portrayed humorously and rendered harmless. The fourth chapter reflects on the treatment of illness in Roman Comedy and Kyōgen. It discusses how contemporary social anxieties regarding blind men (Medieval Japan) and the stigma of insanity and epilepsy (Rome) are alleviated through the humorous comedic depiction of blind and insane/epileptic characters. Chapter 5 explores the comedic presentation of professional figures. This chapter contrasts the boastful character of the comedic soldier of Roman Comedy with the braggart priest of Kyōgen. In Chapter 6, the focus is on the misogynistic treatment of wives in both comedic art-forms. This chapter explores contemporary fear of wives and how this fear is alleviated through their negative portrayal in comedy. This thesis finds that there is a strong correlation between Roman Comedy and Kyōgen, both in the types of social anxiety which they seek to alleviate and the methods by which they seek to accomplish this. It also finds that the motif of the tricky subordinate and the nagging wife are not just Western phenomena but that they are also present in the Eastern Comic Tradition. The comparison of Roman Comedy with Kyōgen, an unrelated comedic form, leads to an enhanced understanding of the role which these characters play in alleviating social anxiety. It also enables the consideration of stock characters in Roman comedy from a wider viewpoint, presenting an opportunity for scholars to re-evaluate characters such as the tricky subordinate and the nagging wife as products of a wider, universal comic tradition.

Children, over the course of development, experience numerous situations capable of eliciting fear; however, the behaviours which children exhibit in these situations remain unclear. The investigation presented here pursued the question "how do young children express fear in a non-painful medical situation where they perceive threat from physical harm?". It is important to note that this study differentiated between fear and anxiety, however it did not examine differences between these two emotions. 116 children, between the ages of 12 and 87 months, and their parents participated in the study. Children's fine-grained behavioural responses, (i.e., facial activity) and broader behavioural displays (e.g., crying, protective behaviours) were examined during a fearful situation. The specific threat used to provoke fear was orthopedic cast removal with an oscillating saw. Few people, including adults, who have had a cast removed would challenge the notion that the oscillating saw can effectively elicit fear. Facial activity was measured with the Baby-FACS coding system and global behaviours were assessed with the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress. Results demonstrated the existence of a constellation of facial actions and a group of more global behaviours indicative of fear in young children. The facial actions and global behaviours identified in the total sample were examined on a subset of the children who were rated as displaying clinically significant fear. The same 13 facial actions were found to cluster together in the sample of children displaying clinically significant fear. Further, global behaviours occurred with a higher frequency in this sub-sample. Age and cast location were found to predict children's fear for both classes of behaviour in that younger children and children with casts on their legs had higher facial action factor scores and OSBD scale scores than older children or those with arm casts. Finally, facial activity and global behaviours appeared to be valid measures of fear as they were both correlated to an independent observer's and the cast technician's ratings of fear. Results are discussed in relation to current theories of emotional development and implications for clinical applications are reviewed. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

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