De plus en plus d’études s’intéressent aux variations des taux d’homicides et de la criminalité à travers les villes. Ces dernières suggèrent que des facteurs sociaux, économiques et démographiques expliqueraient ces variations, comme le revenu national brut par habitant, les inégalité de revenus, la corruption, la consommation d’alcool, la taille des populations des villes, etc. Cependant, ces recherches ont été effectuées en Amérique du Nord majoritairement, et aucune ne s’est intéressée à ces variations à l’échelle mondiale. Ce mémoire analysera la variation des taux d’homicides à travers les grandes villes du monde en lien avec les prédicteurs déjà connus. Il intègrera en plus des données issues du site Numbeo.com sur la perception de la criminalité contre la personne et les bien, ainsi que le sentiment de sécurité le jour et la nuit. L’objectif est d’observer s’il existe des différences ou ressemblances au niveau des facteurs contributeurs des taux d’homicides des villes. La présente étude portera sur le taux d’homicide, la perception de la criminalité contre la personne et les biens et sur le sentiment de sécurité le jour et la nuit à travers 108 villes de la planète. L’objectif est d’identifier les principaux facteurs associés à la criminalité. Des analyses bivariées permettront de voir jusqu’à quel point ces variables se ressemblent, en plus de sélectionner les variables sociales, économiques et démographiques restantes à intégrer dans le modèle de régressions linéaires multiples. Les résultats des analyses multivariées indiquent que les inégalités sociales et la corruption sont les meilleurs prédicteurs des taux d’homicides, de la perception de la criminalité et du sentiment de sécurité. La corruption est ressortie plus forte concernant la perception de la criminalité et le sentiment de sécurité que les inégalités sociales comparées aux taux d’homicides. Ainsi, ces résultats établissent que les mêmes facteurs sont associés à la criminalité des villes comparées aux pays, même s’il existe quelques petites différences. / More and more studies focus on variations in homicide rates and crime across cities. These suggest that social, economic and demographic factors explain these variations, such as gross national income per capita, income inequality, corruption, alcohol consumption, cities population size, etc. However, these searches were mainly conducted in North America, and none were interested in these changes across the planet. This thesis will investigate homicide rates, in respect to known predictors, of the largest cities across the world. It will also incorporate data from Numbeo.com about crime perception against person and property as well as the feeling of safety during the day and night. This is done to observe if differences or similarities in the factors linked to homicide rates in cities exist. This study will focus on the homicide rate, the crime perception against person and property as well as the feeling of safety in 108 cities across the globe. The goal is to identify principle-contributing factors to crime. Bivariate analysis will determine to which degree these three variables share common area and further, which variables form the social, economic and demographic variables can be appropriately integrated into the linear multiple regressions analysis model. Multivariate analysis results indicate that social income inequalities and corruption are the strongest predictors of homicide rates, crime perception and safety feeling. Corruption emerged stronger on crime perception and feeling of safety than social income inequalities compared to homicide rate. Thus, these results indicate that the same factors are associated with crime in cities as in countries, although some small differences exist.

The primary argument in this thesis is that the common assumption that an actor has emotion inside him- or herself which can be evoked and projected outwards is an outdated misconception. A proposition is made to replace this possessive acting model, which underpins the realist tradition and is based on the popularized aspects of Stanislavsky’s system for actor training, by a situational acting model. This new model is founded on the idea that emotion is something that actors “do”. Furthermore, a theory of this situational model is advanced where the actor is seen to perform emotion in an interplay with action in three different ways: in the world symbolically as an expression, of the world phenomenologically as in-sensing or out-sensing, and with the world as a becoming – which opens the actor up to greater forces of nature and society.                                      The material in this thesis has been focused on from both a contextualizing and a theoretic perspective. The contextualizing perspective places the actor’s doing of emotions in a historical context. The theoretic aspect concentrates on how performing emotions is realized in practice, and it proceeds from an analysis of two contemporary Swedish examples: the actresses Lena Endre in the role of Lady Macbeth at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm in a production of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth from 2006, and Mia Skäringer in her stage show Horny as Hell and Really Holy from 2010. In exploring this material, a combination of Paul Ricoeur’s “hermeneutics of suspicion” and Paul Stoller’s ”sensuous scholarship” is applied.           A synthetic theoretical approach is employed that is set on a phenomenological foundation in combination with theories of emotion and affect as well as gender theory and theatre theory. The discussion is informed by Michael Polanyi to gain an understanding of tacit knowledge and the role of kinesthesia; by Simone de Beauvoir to establish a perspective on the body as a situation; by Sara Ahmed to see the potential for a cultural politics of emotion and a queer view of intentionality; and by Maurice Merleau-Ponty to propose a way of looking at the human being as being of the world as opposed to in the world. Interpretations of a few of Gilles Deleuze’s and Félix Guattari’s concepts such as rhizome, becoming, and body without organs, are added to this list in order to provide a background for what the third way of doing emotion is about.

Depuis longtemps, le sentiment d’insécurité suscite l’intérêt des chercheurs en sciences sociales. En milieu carcéral, ce phénomène est encore peu étudié. Les différentes études arrivent à des résultats incohérents par rapport aux facteurs reliés au sentiment d’insécurité des détenus. Les différentes façons de conceptualiser et de mesurer ce phénomène apparaissent souvent comme une des causes de l’incohérence des résultats obtenus. La présente étude a comme objectif général d’approfondir les connaissances sur le sentiment d’insécurité des incarcérés et présente les objectifs spécifiques suivants: (1) dresser un portrait quantitatif du sentiment d'insécurité en tenant compte de ses dimensions affective, cognitive et comportementale; (2) estimer le taux de victimisation dans les pénitenciers canadiens du Québec; (3) analyser les facteurs reliés aux différentes dimensions du sentiment d'insécurité; (4) analyser l’interrelation entre les différentes dimensions du sentiment d’insécurité. Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, les données recueillies auprès de 293 détenus de dix pénitenciers québécois ont été analysées. Des analyses descriptives ont été utilisées pour documenter le sentiment d’insécurité des détenus en tenant compte de différentes dimensions. Des analyses bi variées et multi variées ont permis d'identifier les facteurs individuels et contextuels en relation significative avec les différentes dimensions du sentiment d’insécurité. Des modèles de régression hiérarchisée ont permis d’analyser l’interrelation entre les différentes dimensions du sentiment d’insécurité, en tenant compte de l’influence de facteurs individuels et contextuels. Les résultats ont révélé un niveau d’insécurité peu élevé et variable parmi la population carcérale et aussi que les différentes dimensions du sentiment d’insécurité étaient affectées par différents facteurs et qu'elles étaient partiellement inter reliées. / For a long time, the feeling of safety has been a subject matter of interest to social scientists. Applied in prisons, this phenomenon is not much studied. Different studies have come to inconsistent results with respect to factors related to insecurity. The different ways of conceptualizing and measuring this phenomenon often appear as a cause of the inconsistency of the results. The present study aims to deepen general knowledge about the insecurity sentiment and present the following specific objectives: (1) provide a quantitative picture of the feeling of safety, taking into account its emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions; (2) estimate the victimization rate in Canadian penitentiaries in Quebec; (3) analyse the different factors that are related to the different dimensions of feeling of safety; (4) analyse the interrelation between the different dimensions of the feeling of safety. To achieve these objectives, data from 293 inmates held in ten Quebec prisons were analyzed. Descriptive analyses were used to document the insecurity of prisoners taking into account various dimensions. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have permitted to identify the individual and contextual factors that are significantly associated with the different dimensions of insecurity. Hierarchical regression models were used to verify the interrelation between the different dimensions of feeling of safety, taking into account the influence of other factors. The results showed a level of insecurity that is low and variable among the prison population, and also that the different dimensions of insecurity were affected by various factors and were partially interconnected.

La période de la latence est analysée à travers ses objets culturels ( jouets, livres, dessins animés, jeux vidéo). Il ressort de ce matériel que la latence élabore l’archaïque en créant des interprétations qui ont valeur de « constructions » . La question du double transitionnel est très présente, symbolisée par l’animal de compagnie imaginaire. L’éprouvé caractéristique est le sentiment de « merveilleuse étrangeté ». Le processus de symbolisation a ceci de particulier que le game soutient le play. Puis, est proposée la notion d’ « un processus de reconnaissance mutuelle » et est alors abordée la question des particularités de la latence. Enfin, la latence est interrogée au fil de l’analyse clinique du suivi de trois enfants latents en Centre médico psychologique. / Latency period is analysed through cultural material corresponding to this age ( toys, books, cartoons, vidéo games). It appears from the material that latency works up the return of the archaic by suggesting interpretations that have value of « constructions » in the sense of Freud. The question of a transitionnal double is very present and symbolized by the fictionnal pet. The characteristical experience of latency is the feeling of « wonderful strangeness ». The process of symbolization during latency is particular in the way that game induces playing. The notion of a « reciprocal acknowledgement » and finally the main features of latency taken are considered. And then latency is interrogated with three latent children at the mental health center.

Cette thèse montre en quoi l'analyse de l'activité des professeurs des écoles enseignant une Langue Vivante Etrangère peut apporter des connaissances utiles au processus de formation continue de ces maîtres au sein de leur polyvalence. L'activité humaine est invisible tant pour les observateurs que pour les acteurs eux-mêmes, d'où notre recours au cadre théorique et méthodologique de l'analyse ergonomique de l'activité enseignante qui s'inscrit dans une perspective historico-culturelle et se nourrit des apports féconds d'une clinique de l'activité. La Méthode d'Auto Confrontation, méthode indirecte, nous permet la création d'un milieu spécifique où nous prenons en compte l'expérience des enseignants et où nous cherchons à transformer le travail pour le comprendre. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur l'analyse de l'activité de six enseignants engagés dans l'enseignement de l'anglais afin de rendre compte de leurs manières de faire, des arbitrages et compromis à l'oeuvre. Une première représentation des pratiques enseignantes laisse ainsi apparaître trois registres d'action principaux liés à leur maîtrise de la conduite de classe, à leur connaissance de la démarche didactique et pédagogique de l'enseignement des LVE et à leur maîtrise de la langue cible. Un processus spécifique lié à la confiance en soi a émergé en cours d'analyse et joue un rôle central dans leur activité. Un nouvel éclairage de la polyvalence est alors envisagé où nous proposons une rencontre entre analyse du travail et formation. La « mise en situation active » (MSA) décline les perspectives découlant de la visée technologique de notre recherche. / This thesis shows how the analysis of the activity of the school teachers teaching a Foreign Language can bring useful knowledge to the process of ongoing training to these teachers within the core of their versatility. Human activity is invisible as much for the observers as for the actors themselves, which leads us to fall back on the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the ergonomic teaching activity which joins a historical-cultural perspective and is fed by the fertile contributions of a clinic of activity. The method of Self-Confrontation, an indirect method, allows us to create a specific space where we take into account the experience of the teachers and where we seek to transform the work in order to understand it. We turned to the analysis of the activity of six teachers engaged in the teaching of English in order to report on their methods, their judgments and compromises in action. A primary representation of their teaching practices thus allows three principle registers of action linked to their mastery of classroom management, to their knowledge of the didactic and pedagogical process of the teaching of Foreign Languages and their mastery of the target language. A specific process linked to self-confidence emerged during the course of the study and played a central role in their activity. A new understanding of versatility is thus envisioned where we propose to link the work analysis and training. The "put into live action" breaks down the perspectives coming from our targeted online research.

O presente trabalho tem por objeto a análise da influência do psiquismo do juiz no modo como preside o processo estilo de colheita de dados e relacionamento com os demais sujeitos (partes e advogados, principalmente) e produz suas decisões. Há, portanto, uma interface entre Direito e Psicologia, tomando-se como paradigma a teoria dos tipos psicológicos de Carl Gustav Jung e seguidores, com os acréscimos que lhe foram feitos por Isabel Briggs Myers e Katharine Cook Briggs. Para fins de contraste, a teoria de Jung é confrontada com a tipologia psicanalítica de Freud. No âmbito jurídico, especial atenção é dada à relação das funções pensamento e sentimento com o senso de justiça, sugerindo se que a teoria tridimensional do Direito, de Miguel Reale, seja a expressão jurídica do uso equilibrado das funções perceptivas e judicativas. Esta a primeira parte do trabalho. Na segunda, são analisados tipologicamente seis magistrados do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, tomando-se por base sua atuação profissional, conforme por eles expressa em entrevista. A entrevista foi feita a partir de um questionário padrão, de modo a estabelecer paralelos discursivos e daí colher semelhanças e diferenças, analisadas à luz do tipo psicológico aferido. Para aferição do tipo psicológico de cada entrevistado, além da análise do conteúdo de sua fala, foi aplicado um segundo questionário, de natureza específica. A título de conclusão, verificou-se haver grande consistência no postulado de que existe correlação entre o tipo de personalidade do magistrado e o resultado de seu trabalho. Isso abre grandes perspectivas seja de estudo-aprendizado na área, seja de aperfeiçoamento profissional e pessoal destes agentes, cuja atividade é tão vital para o processo de produção de justiça no caso concreto. / This paper is aimed at analyzing the influence of the judges psyche as s/he presides over the process the way s/he collects data and relates with the other parties (to the lawsuit and attorneys, mainly) and makes his/her decisions. There is therefore an interface between Law and Psychology, since we have selected as a paradigm the theory of psychological types of Carl Gustav Jung and his followers, with the additions made by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs. For contrasting purposes, Jung\'s theory is compared with Freud\'s psychoanalytical typology. From a legal perspective, special attention is given to the correlation between thought and feeling functions and the «sense of fairness», and it is suggested that Miguel Reales three-dimensional theory of Law be the legal expression of the balanced use of perceptive and judicative functions. This is the first part of the paper. In the second, six judges of the São Paulo State Court are typologically analyzed, based on their professional activities, as stated by them during an interview. The interview was based on a standard questionnaire so as to draw discursive parallels and be able to collect similarities and differences in the light of the psychological type assessed. To assess the psychological type of each interviewee, in addition to analyzing their speech content, a second questionnaire, of a specific nature, was applied. In conclusion, the assumption that there is a correlation between a judges type of personality and the result of his/her work has proven to be greatly consistent. This could bring great prospects, both in area studies and learning and the personal and professional improvement of these agents, whose activity is so vital to the actual process of administering justice.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Carlos Franco.pdf: 633689 bytes, checksum: c02336627780ffd59b0d8c8a9cca207a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis presents an investigation about the feeling and emotions of Art teachers who have been acting into a Paulista State school of teaching followed by changes that happened last decades. To develop this study we chose to qualitative research using a semi structured interview. There were light teachers of Art who participated of this work acting in a Teaching Directory of Great São Paulo region , professionals that are well known to execute their work in the community. Our study is guided by the Theory of Henri Wallon who discussed the human being development as an integration result between the organism and the environment, the organic and the social as well as the affective, cognitive and coordination reactions. We could also check the speech of teachers that educational changers were derived from public politicians into Paulista s governments who had engaged the environment of work of Art teachers, whit full classes, low salaries, extensive period of work, lack of didactic materials and an appropriate room to the teaching of Art, among others and developed feelings of in satisfaction, revolt and disgusting on teacher. It was also possible to verify that those factors rohich had promoted problems and make the action difficult to teachers of Art by not causing the rules asked by these professionals who have with the education and teaching a serious program that showed actual and constant improvement of their docent practice and an engaged program with those young people who they act, what has revealed through attitudes of care, responsibility to the development of their teaching process, of students and also by themselves established / Esta tese apresenta uma investigação sobre os sentimentos e emoções dos professores de Arte que atuam na Rede Estadual de Ensino paulista frente às mudanças que se efetivaram nas últimas três décadas. Para desenvolver este estudo optamos por uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa utilizando a entrevista semi-estruturada. Participaram da pesquisa oito professores de Arte que atuam em uma Diretoria de Ensino da Grande São Paulo, profissionais estes que têm seu trabalho reconhecido na comunidade onde atuam. Nosso estudo está orientado pela proposta teórica de Henri Wallon, que contempla o desenvolvimento humano como resultado da integração entre o organismo e o meio, entre o orgânico e o social, bem como dos domínios afetivo, cognitivo e motor. Pudemos constatar no discurso dos professores que as mudanças educacionais decorrentes das políticas públicas nos governos paulistas comprometeram o ambiente de trabalho dos professores de Arte, com salas superlotadas, salários baixos, carga excessiva de trabalho, falta de materiais didáticos e salas apropriadas para o ensino de Arte, entre outros, e desencadearam sentimentos de insatisfação, revolta e desilusão nos professores. Por outro lado, também verificamos que esses fatores que interferiram no trabalho e dificultaram a ação dos docentes de Arte não comprometeram o compromisso que estes profissionais têm com a educação e com o ensino, pois se mostraram atualizados e em constante busca de aprimoramento de sua prática docente e compromissados com os jovens com que atuam, o que se revelou por atitudes de cuidado, zelo e responsabilidade para com o desenvolvimento do seu ensino, dos seus alunos e de si próprios

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 o medo e os vinculos sociais no brasil.pdf: 1006706 bytes, checksum: f6cb177b7ba54a36ecdf1f4afe47bb70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-10 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / The subject matter of this study is the link between unequal persons; organized by command-obedience relationships so as to configure the terms dominant-dominated. The link is a notion that embraces simultaneously the social relationships and the psychical process underneath them; thus it s a useful theoretical tool when the matter of the investigation are psychosocial processes. The analysis of command-obedience relationships points to the presence of elements of paternalistic culture, even in openly capitalist work relationships. The effects of this culture hit the worker s subjectivity, making more complex the effort to fight for his rights. Workers oscillate between two forms of ordination of the link; the moral one, keen to the paternalistic culture, alternates with the interest-aimed ordination, proper of the capitalist means of production. One can observe how the ideology of the work system uses emotional disposition and traditional significants in order to achieve its profit goals. There s a special interest in following some of the effects or paternalistic culture on social life, such as: the difficulty to exert authority even when one is entitled to, to stand for one s rights and to cope with corrupt authorities. There are also the subjective effects, specially the paranoid feeling, the threat represented by autonomy issues and the lowering of self-esteem, resulting of narcissistic gaps associated to the lack of public property sense. To identify with one s aggressor implies living with a negative sense of one s own ideal. One consequence is self-rejection, experienced by Brazilians as a rule. I suggest there are structural conflicts both in our subjectivity and bidding, leading us to live as first and second rate people; the answers are manifold, but each one will have to deal with this question his own way. Brazil is a name that lives within us, and the place where we live. The way by which the law is enforced by many authorities who don t represent it, but end up substituting it, intensifies the echoes of paternalistic culture. The thesis outline starts from a nucleus: the analysis of work relations among damaged workers in order to identify the processes that lead to work accidents. Furthermore, it seeks to mesurate work relations as relationships between dominant and subaltern classes, pervaded by mistrust . The social status of dependency and the subjection bond are also common terms to both situations, the enduring repressed element is the wish for autonomy, to be one s own person as opposite to be the one who serves. The analysis of the praxis from professional members of the public health system indicates the construction of a psychical and ideological organization with premises that are distinct from paternalism. Therefore, the other won t represent an opportunity to demonstrate some sort of superiority but a chance to offer the better one has to offer instead. This reciprocity might establish links, which are less sadist-masochist and more in agreement to the genital organization of the libido, that is to say, fertile to both. The diference, in this case, has no qualities added / A matéria deste estudo é o vínculo entre desiguais, organizado por relações de mando-obediência de forma a configurar os termos dominante-dominado. O vínculo é uma noção que abrange simultaneamente a relação social e o processo psíquico a ela subjacente, por isso é um instrumento teórico útil quando o interesse da investigação são processos psicossociais. A análise das relações de mando-obediência indica a presença de elementos da cultura paternalista, mesmo em relações de trabalho francamente capitalistas. Os efeitos desta cultura atingem a subjetividade do trabalhador tornando mais complexo o esforço de lutar por seus interesses. Os operários oscilam entre duas formas de ordenação do vínculo; a ordenação moral, própria da cultura paternalista, se alterna com a ordenação por interesse, própria do modo capitalista de produção. Observamos como a ideologia da organização de trabalho utiliza as disposições emocionais e significantes tradicionais para melhor realizar seus objetivos de lucro. É de especial interesse acompanhar alguns dos efeitos da cultura paternalista sobre a vida social, como a dificuldade para autorizar-se diante do que se tem efetivamente autoridade, fazer valer direitos e conviver com autoridades corruptas. Há também os efeitos sobre a subjetividade, em especial o sentimento paranóide, a ameaça que representa formas de autonomia, o rebaixamento da auto-estima, resultado de falhas narcísicas associadas à carência de sentido do que é público. A identificação com o agressor coloca o problema de vivermos com um ideal cujo sentido é negativo em relação ao sujeito. Uma conseqüência é a rejeição do brasileiro por ele mesmo. Sugiro haver conflitos estruturantes da nossa subjetividade e dos vínculos, levando-nos a viver como gente de primeira e de segunda; as respostas são diversas, mas cada um terá de se haver com esta questão. Brasil é um nome que nos habita e que habitamos. A maneira como se pratica a lei, em que muitas vezes a autoridade não a representa, mas acaba por substituí-la intensifica as ressonâncias da cultura paternalista. O desenho da tese é partir de um núcleo: análise das relações de trabalho com trabalhadores acidentados para identificar os processos que conduzem ao acidente de trabalho. A seguir, dimensionar a relação de trabalho como relação entre classes dominantes e subalternas, permeia a essas relações a suspeição. A condição social de dependência e o vínculo de sujeição também são termos comuns a ambas situações, o elemento que permanece reprimido é a ânsia por autonomia, ser par si em contraposição ser para servir. A análise da práxis de profissionais da rede pública de saúde indica a construção de uma organização psíquica e ideológica com pressupostos distintos dos paternalistas, de forma que o outro não seja ocasião para demonstrar uma superioridade qualquer , mas de oferecer a ele o que se tem de melhor, construindo, com reciprocidade, um vínculo com menos características sado-masoquistas e mais em conformidade com a organização genital da libido, ou seja, fecundo para ambos. A diferença, no caso, não tem adjetivação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:56:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 o medo e os vinculos sociais no brasil.pdf: 1006706 bytes, checksum: f6cb177b7ba54a36ecdf1f4afe47bb70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-10 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / The subject matter of this study is the link between unequal persons; organized by command-obedience relationships so as to configure the terms dominant-dominated. The link is a notion that embraces simultaneously the social relationships and the psychical process underneath them; thus it s a useful theoretical tool when the matter of the investigation are psychosocial processes. The analysis of command-obedience relationships points to the presence of elements of paternalistic culture, even in openly capitalist work relationships. The effects of this culture hit the worker s subjectivity, making more complex the effort to fight for his rights. Workers oscillate between two forms of ordination of the link; the moral one, keen to the paternalistic culture, alternates with the interest-aimed ordination, proper of the capitalist means of production. One can observe how the ideology of the work system uses emotional disposition and traditional significants in order to achieve its profit goals. There s a special interest in following some of the effects or paternalistic culture on social life, such as: the difficulty to exert authority even when one is entitled to, to stand for one s rights and to cope with corrupt authorities. There are also the subjective effects, specially the paranoid feeling, the threat represented by autonomy issues and the lowering of self-esteem, resulting of narcissistic gaps associated to the lack of public property sense. To identify with one s aggressor implies living with a negative sense of one s own ideal. One consequence is self-rejection, experienced by Brazilians as a rule. I suggest there are structural conflicts both in our subjectivity and bidding, leading us to live as first and second rate people; the answers are manifold, but each one will have to deal with this question his own way. Brazil is a name that lives within us, and the place where we live. The way by which the law is enforced by many authorities who don t represent it, but end up substituting it, intensifies the echoes of paternalistic culture. The thesis outline starts from a nucleus: the analysis of work relations among damaged workers in order to identify the processes that lead to work accidents. Furthermore, it seeks to mesurate work relations as relationships between dominant and subaltern classes, pervaded by mistrust . The social status of dependency and the subjection bond are also common terms to both situations, the enduring repressed element is the wish for autonomy, to be one s own person as opposite to be the one who serves. The analysis of the praxis from professional members of the public health system indicates the construction of a psychical and ideological organization with premises that are distinct from paternalism. Therefore, the other won t represent an opportunity to demonstrate some sort of superiority but a chance to offer the better one has to offer instead. This reciprocity might establish links, which are less sadist-masochist and more in agreement to the genital organization of the libido, that is to say, fertile to both. The diference, in this case, has no qualities added / A matéria deste estudo é o vínculo entre desiguais, organizado por relações de mando-obediência de forma a configurar os termos dominante-dominado. O vínculo é uma noção que abrange simultaneamente a relação social e o processo psíquico a ela subjacente, por isso é um instrumento teórico útil quando o interesse da investigação são processos psicossociais. A análise das relações de mando-obediência indica a presença de elementos da cultura paternalista, mesmo em relações de trabalho francamente capitalistas. Os efeitos desta cultura atingem a subjetividade do trabalhador tornando mais complexo o esforço de lutar por seus interesses. Os operários oscilam entre duas formas de ordenação do vínculo; a ordenação moral, própria da cultura paternalista, se alterna com a ordenação por interesse, própria do modo capitalista de produção. Observamos como a ideologia da organização de trabalho utiliza as disposições emocionais e significantes tradicionais para melhor realizar seus objetivos de lucro. É de especial interesse acompanhar alguns dos efeitos da cultura paternalista sobre a vida social, como a dificuldade para autorizar-se diante do que se tem efetivamente autoridade, fazer valer direitos e conviver com autoridades corruptas. Há também os efeitos sobre a subjetividade, em especial o sentimento paranóide, a ameaça que representa formas de autonomia, o rebaixamento da auto-estima, resultado de falhas narcísicas associadas à carência de sentido do que é público. A identificação com o agressor coloca o problema de vivermos com um ideal cujo sentido é negativo em relação ao sujeito. Uma conseqüência é a rejeição do brasileiro por ele mesmo. Sugiro haver conflitos estruturantes da nossa subjetividade e dos vínculos, levando-nos a viver como gente de primeira e de segunda; as respostas são diversas, mas cada um terá de se haver com esta questão. Brasil é um nome que nos habita e que habitamos. A maneira como se pratica a lei, em que muitas vezes a autoridade não a representa, mas acaba por substituí-la intensifica as ressonâncias da cultura paternalista. O desenho da tese é partir de um núcleo: análise das relações de trabalho com trabalhadores acidentados para identificar os processos que conduzem ao acidente de trabalho. A seguir, dimensionar a relação de trabalho como relação entre classes dominantes e subalternas, permeia a essas relações a suspeição. A condição social de dependência e o vínculo de sujeição também são termos comuns a ambas situações, o elemento que permanece reprimido é a ânsia por autonomia, ser par si em contraposição ser para servir. A análise da práxis de profissionais da rede pública de saúde indica a construção de uma organização psíquica e ideológica com pressupostos distintos dos paternalistas, de forma que o outro não seja ocasião para demonstrar uma superioridade qualquer , mas de oferecer a ele o que se tem de melhor, construindo, com reciprocidade, um vínculo com menos características sado-masoquistas e mais em conformidade com a organização genital da libido, ou seja, fecundo para ambos. A diferença, no caso, não tem adjetivação

La place et le rôle des affects dans la relation didactique sont encore peu étudiés au niveau secondaire. Les recherches internationales se font surtout sur de jeunes enfants. Le but de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre comment les professeurs et les élèves trans-agissent dans la relation didactique. Cela nécessite de comprendre comment ses agents, élèves et les professeurs perçoivent, ressentent et comprennent leurs expériences scolaires. Car la question reste difficile : comment les élèves apprennent-ils ? Dans notre collège, des professeurs et des chercheurs se sont associés sur une longue durée pour travailler ensemble dans un collectif qui partage les mêmes valeurs d’éducation. Sur cette base, nous avons mené une recherche sur les événements didactiques et les mouvements affectifs des élèves et des professeurs. Nous documentons le travail de classe par le film et une méthodologie spécifique. Nous montrons d’abord l’importance des affects dans l’expérience scolaire des agents de la relation didactique.Nous apprenons à quoi ils sont sensibles, dans quelles conditions et avec quels effets. Nous concevons l’enseignement comme une action conjointe et nous montrons que les actions des professeurs et des élèves sont entrelacées d’émotions didactiques qui orientent leurs comportements. Les affects didactiques engendrent des dynamiques d’apprentissage positives ou négatives. Et en ce qu’ils permettent aux agents de se comprendre, ceux-ci peuvent exercer leur puissance d’agir ensemble dans le monde social. / The place and role of emotions in the educational relationship are still little studied in high school.International research is mostly done on young children. The purpose of this research is to better understand how teachers and students interact in the didactic relationship. This requires understanding how students and teachers perceive, feel and understand their school experiences. Because the question remains difficult: how do students learn? In our college, professors and researchers have worked together for a long time to work together in a collective that shares the same values of education. On this basis, we conducted research on didactic events and the emotional movements of students and teachers. We document the class work by the film and a specific methodology.We first show the importance of affects in the educational experience of agents of the didactic relationship.We learn what they are sensitive to, under what conditions and with what effects. We conceive teaching and learning as a joint action and we show that the actions of teachers and pupils are intertwined with didactic emotions that guide their behaviors. Didactic affects generate positive or negative learning dynamics. And in that they allow agents to understand each other, they can exercise their power to act together in the social world.