Cette thèse vise à explorer l’apport de la psychanalyse freudienne à la pensée politique. En abordant la réalité sociale et politique selon cette perspective psychologique, on peut concevoir qu’il y a des facteurs inconscients ainsi que conscients à la base du lien social. Il s’agit notamment du renoncement pulsionnel qui perpétue un conflit psychique inconscient et rend possible la cohésion sociale d’une part, et de l’identification ou renforcement du moi conscient afin de surmonter et dédommager ce conflit psychique tout en renforçant cette cohésion d’autre part. Après avoir mis en rapport les perspectives de P. Roazen, H. Marcuse et B. Bergen sur le lien social à partir des notions freudiennes, cette thèse défend une conception du moi comme finalité du lien social, et ce, sans pour autant aller à l’encontre de l’attitude introspective initiée par Freud.

This essay attempts to examine whether it is possible to find a mutual understanding of the concept of drive between Spinoza’s philosophy and Freud’s psychoanalytical theory. Former texts on this subject have given a variety of conclusions: from a radical separation between the two authors to a complete identification between the two. The drive, or the desire which is the term Spinoza uses, has in Spinoza’s philosophy its foundation in the concept of conatus. Conatus is every thing’s strive to persevere in its being and is the expression of God’s, or the only substance’s, force and action in a here and a now. In the Freudian theory the term trieb, drive, is defined by it’s variation regarding object, source and aim. The late Freudian theory of drives separates the life drive, also called Eros, from the death drive. Eros is the strive of every being to maintain life but also to procreate and create stronger unities of life. It is, as the strive of conatus, a persevering strive. However, in examining the strive of conatus to persevere in its being, which could be said to strive by the guidance of a principle of joy, the distinction between the concept of conatus and the Freudian Eros is made visible through the comparison to the Freudian pleasure principle.

This essay challanges one of the worlds most famous horror story, Mary Shelley'sFrankenstein.Who is the monster in this novel? People know the story but they often tend to blend the two head characters, Victor Frankenstein and his creature. Based on the psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, this essay argues that Victor Frankenstein is not the nice guy he seems to be. Appearances are not always what they seem and Victor Frankenstein turns into a "monster of the soul" due to suppressed feelings. His creature never stands a chance without any guidence and love. The creature is instead turned into a "monster of the body" since it is constantly badly treated from the start

There are very few works not associated with the Western canon to have received as much attention as Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart (Ogbaa 1). However, contrary to the many post-colonial interpretations of this novel, this essay employs a psychoanalytical literary approach to discuss the cause of the protagonist’s eventual demise, based on the premise that human behaviour is driven by an unconscious process. Consequently, this essay argues that following the ego’s inability to repress the infantile demands of the unconscious, the preconscious and the conscious self, ever more compulsive, repetitive and neurotic behaviours are displayed. Furthermore, this essay argues that Okonkwo’s relationship to his mother plays a significant role in explaining the tense relationship with his own father and sons. Subsequently, the protagonist’s self-confidence turns to pride and his masculinity develops into totalitarian rule leading to uncontrollable rage, Okonkwo’s world literally falls apart.

The research purposes of this thesis are to discuss the appropriateness of Yalom¡¦s use of the death issue in psychotherapy, and if the concept of death is different in Yalom, Heidegger and Freud. However, if we want to discuss this, we should discuss the correlation of Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy, Heidegger¡¦s philosophy and Freud¡¦s psychoanalysis of the unconscious. On the basis of these research purposes, the thesis will clarify these questions: 1. Is there any correlation of the death issue between Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy and Heidegger¡¦s ontology of being-toward-death? 2. Is there any correlation of the death issue between Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy and Freud¡¦s psychoanalysis of the unconscious? 3. After comparing these perspectives, this thesis will integrate the perspectives of death in Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy, Heidegger¡¦s ontology and Freud psychoanalysis of the unconscious to see if there is any special value in this dialogue frame. Also, what role does the death perspective play in connecting these three? This thesis hopes to better understand one of the ultimate concerns of Yalom ¡V death ¡V through the different points of view in Heidegger and Freud, and to clarify the special effectiveness and restrictions of using this concept in existential psychotherapy.

The thesis analyses the relations of psychology with literature by applying Freudian theories, and brings these relations into light in the novels of Doris Lessing, Yusuf Atilgan and D.M. Thomas. The first chapter clarifies the aim of the study and gives an overview of the relations between psychology and literature in the past and the present. It, then, provides brief background information about the theories of Freud and the relations of these theories with the themes, which are dealt with in the novels of the writers in question. The following chapters treat the novels according to the theories of Freud such as &ldquo / the Oedipus Complex, death and life instincts, unconscious, id, ego and superego&rdquo / , and therefore the thesis primarily focuses on the hidden feelings of the protagonists as well as their struggle in the twentieth century world. Through the analyses of the protagonists, the study asserts that Freud has been influential on the works of different authors in different cultures, which reinforces the idea of the universality of his psychoanalytical theories.

This thesis attempts to read ¡§Circe¡¨from Freudian perspectives to explore Joyce's narrative intermingling of psychical and historical worlds. It begins with an analysis of the haunting theme in this chapter,the dead, which constantly returns in¡§fantastic scenes,¡¨ followed by an elaboration on the way the ¡§Uncanny¡¨and the¡§Phantasy¡¨operate in each scene. These fantastic scenes,for me,function as signifiers for the unconscious of Joyce's characters and text:they express,abnegate, ridicule,exaggerate,and even betray the psyche of the two male protagonists¡Xespecially Bloom's castration complex¡Xand leads to a narrative and character aberration,allowing Joyce to repudiate the tradition of drama and novel, especially the English narrative convention of linear storytelling. By constructing a fantastic Ireland through crooked mirroring,Joyce becomes not only an international writer, but also an Irish writer.

Thesis--Heidelberg. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-224).

Diss. : Philosophie : Zürich : 1981.

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