published_or_final_version / abstract / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

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Thesis (D. Th.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Adviser: Garth Massy. Includes bibliographical references.

Recent research has unveiled a robust and pervasive phenomenon: individual members of a group consistently perceive higher levels of discrimination directed at their group as a whole as compared to themselves personally as members of that group. This phenomenon has been labelled the "personal/group discrimination discrepancy". Two studies were conducted using female subjects to investigate possible explanations underlying the personal/group discrimination discrepancy. Study 1 examined the effect of question wording employed in previous research. Study 2 investigated the relationship between an individual's perceptions of personal and group discrimination and her personal and social identity with respect to women as a group. Contrary to the main hypothesis, those subjects who made stronger associations between themselves personally as women and women as a group demonstrated a larger discrepancy between ratings of personal and group discrimination as compared to those subjects who less strongly associated themselves personally with the group. This result is discussed in terms of Turner's (1982) concept of depersonalization.

The thesis describes a program of research aimed at delineating an important concept in the social psychology of intergroup relations: tokenism. A series of experiments first established that disadvantaged group members faced with open access to an advantaged group (meritocracy) choose either inaction or attempts at individual upward mobility. Conversely, those faced with an advantaged group that is closed (complete discrimination) engage primarily in collective nonnormative action. However, when faced with severe, but not total, discriminatory restrictions (tokenism), disadvantaged group members consistently prefer individual nonnormative action. This preference is unaffected by increases in ingroup identification, increased prior ingroup interaction, and removal of direct self-interest. Some support was found for the role of situational ambiguity in maintaining the preference for individual action in conditions of tokenism. In two final experiments the behavioral responses of "successful tokens" were investigated. These experiments show that successful tokens shift their allegiance from the disadvantaged group to the advantaged group and choose action in support of this new high-status ingroup at the expense of the disadvantaged group.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Oklahoma State University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-191).

Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1998. / Thesis advisors: Dr. John E. Harmon and Dr. Richard Benfield. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves [101-107]).

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 141 p. : ill. (some col.), maps Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-141).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-127).