Depuis longtemps, les pays s'intéressent aux conditions de santé des immigrants au moment d'autoriser leur entrée au pays pour y demeurer. C'est pourquoi les examens médicaux des demandeurs d'immigration font partie des démarches à suivre pour leur admission. Dans ce mémoire, nous proposons une analyse des implications de la santé dans le champ de l'immigration, en focalisant l'attention sur les situations particulières du Canada et de la France. Nous avons examiné les cadres juridiques des deux pays, ainsi que le contexte européen. Nous avons pris en considération trois approches mettant l'accent sur la santé et la sécurité publiques, des considérations économiques et des considérations d'ordre humanitaire. Nous avons observé que la portée des contrôles médicaux à effectuer varie selon l'orientation adoptée. Dans l'approche économique, l'examen de la condition médicale des requérants est plus exhaustive, et l'information de nature prédictive présente de l'intérêt. Bien que les objectifs des examens médicaux de l'immigration soient eux-mêmes légitimes, le caractère sensible des renseignements de santé, y compris génétiques, dont l'utilisation peut être vue comme une source possible de discrimination ou d'intervention injustifiée dans la vie privée des individus, requiert la plus grande prudence et le respect des principes largement reconnus relatifs au consentement et à la confidentialité. L'exigence d'un lien raisonnable et proportionné entre l'information demandée et les buts de la politique d'immigration doit également être respectée afin d'arriver à un juste équilibre entre la sauvegarde des intérêts considérés légitimes et les droits des personnes et leur dignité. / For a long time countries have been interested in the health conditions of immigrants in order to authorize their entry and to remain there. This is why the medical examination of immigration applicants is done as part of the admission requirements. In this thesis, we propose an analysis of the health implications in the immigration field by focusing on the particular situations of Canada and France. We examine the legal framework of the two countries, as weIl as the European context. We identify three approaches concentrated in the public health and safety, the economic considerations and the humanitarian reasons. We observe that the range of medical controls to be carried out varies according to the adopted approach. From the economic perspective, the examination of the medical condition of the applicants is more exhaustive, and the predictive information captures sorne attention. Although the objectives of the medical examination in the immigration field are themselves legitimate, the sensitive nature of the health information, including genetic information, can be seen as a possible source of discrimination or unjustified intervention in private life. This imposes the greatest prudence and respect of the well-known principles of consent and confidentiality. The requirement of a reasonable and proportioned link between the required information and the goals of the immigration policies must also be respected, in order to achieve the right balance between the legitimate interests of countries and the rights of the people. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maître en droit LL.M."

This research examines the challenges and barriers to service provision that newcomer settlement service providers (SSPs) encounter in Peel Region, Ontario. Semi-structured interviews are used to examine if suburban SSPs in the cities of Brampton, Mississauga and town of Caledon, encounter challenges related to providing services to both adult and youth newcomers. The findings indicate that government funding, and the conditions tied to that funding, are the greatest challenge for SSPs in Peel. Funding restrictions also produced challenges related to the structure and continuity of services and competition between service providers. Due to Peel's varied geography, transportation and organization location are challenges for some rural service providers. Service specific challenges are encountered largely in providing employment and mental health services. Reconsidering government policies around funding for settlement services is necessary. It is recommended that both SSPs and municipalities be integrated into settlement policy decisions.

This thesis examines a moment in recent U.S. immigration history where an opportunity was created to move towards merit-based immigration, but that proposal was rejected. In addition to the highly publicized proposal for the legalization of undocumented immigrants residing in the United States, the 2007 Immigration Reform Bill proposed a merit-based immigrant selection policy, or “Point System.” The new system would have evaluated potential immigrants according to characteristics deemed to be in the U.S. “national interest.” Critical discourse analysis of policy documents, media coverage in The New York Times and San Diego Union Tribune, and political rhetoric on the floor of the U.S. Senate reveals a distinct moral geography to selection policy. Whereas in Canada, economic immigration is the popularly endorsed mode of immigrant selection, the U.S. “Point System” proposal launched a diatribe by politicians and pundits, who called merit-based immigration “an experiment in social engineering” (Barack Obama 2007), against a “natural” human and “moral imperative” to reunite families (Robert Menendez 2007). This thesis demonstrates the complexity of the relationship between race and class, and how its complexity, when considered against the backdrop of immigration policy reform, becomes bound up in state endeavours to form and perpetuate national identity through discourses of citizenship. The U.S. economy’s need for transient labour conflicts with the state’s nation-building project: one that excludes Hispanic migrants. The moral crisis over the dismantling of family reunification in the U.S. serves as a competing discourse to the existing anxiety about Latino immigration and undocumented migrants, and as discussion, albeit veiled, of whether or not it is morally right to construct an immigration policy that disadvantages certain groups, most notably Latinos. / Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2008-06-30 12:35:39.393

No abstract available. / Thesis(Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1968.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Through the use of semi-structured and narrative interviewing, this study considers the perspectives of twelve newcomer women engaged in organizing and facilitating community activities with other newcomer women. The participants shared their views on the challenges faced by newcomer women, and the strength that these women access through community support. The study is grounded in an analysis of literature derived from such interdisciplinary sources as Peace and Conflict Studies, feminism, anthropology, and community-development. While newcomer women are faced with numerous hardships and losses, the participants – everyday peacemakers – emphasize the importance of empowerment. They engage in creating spaces for women to gather, form relationships, and benefit from economic and social development. Through this work, the women foster a form of ‘constrained empowerment’ that exists within the context of various structural barriers to well-being. Despite being constrained, this form of empowerment provides the foundation for social change, and social justice.

Through an examination of how culture and cultural difference affect sexual norms and practices this thesis explores the sexual subjectivities of ten Nigerian and Sierra Leonean young women living in Winnipeg. The theoretical framework deployed in this thesis is the social constructionist approach to sexuality. This approach involves an understanding that social processes affect the meanings and performances of sexuality and will be deployed to underscore the varying ways Nigerian and Sierra Leonean young women develop sexual beliefs and practices enmeshed in dating and economic exchange, connections to “home”, pleasure, and the body. The methodological approach is ethnographic and uses focus groups, interviews, and participant observation. I argue that the Nigerian and Sierra Leonean young women’s sexual subjectivities are influenced by their social locations as straddling two different social worlds and sets of cultural and sexual norms. Media, race and religion influence these young women’s sexual subjectivities.

This research examines the challenges and barriers to service provision that newcomer settlement service providers (SSPs) encounter in Peel Region, Ontario. Semi-structured interviews are used to examine if suburban SSPs in the cities of Brampton, Mississauga and town of Caledon, encounter challenges related to providing services to both adult and youth newcomers. The findings indicate that government funding, and the conditions tied to that funding, are the greatest challenge for SSPs in Peel. Funding restrictions also produced challenges related to the structure and continuity of services and competition between service providers. Due to Peel's varied geography, transportation and organization location are challenges for some rural service providers. Service specific challenges are encountered largely in providing employment and mental health services. Reconsidering government policies around funding for settlement services is necessary. It is recommended that both SSPs and municipalities be integrated into settlement policy decisions.

This thesis considers the apparent shift in Canadian refugee policy between the more liberal refugee programs of the 1980s to the more restrictive contemporary orientation. We provide an explanation for the nature and content of policy pronouncements made in the period following the events of September 11, 2001. In order to put contemporary policy in context, we begin our investigation post-World War II when Canada first entered the international arena as a fully independent state. What follows is an examination of why the Canadian government has preferred its choice of refugee policies, and a consideration of forces and institutions that have shaped policy in the postwar period. At the same time, we reflect on the tension between Canada's refugee policy choices and its stated commitment to humanitarian values and international agreements.

Until the 1980s, there was no Japanese community in Christchurch, but only a small number of individuals living mainly amongst European New Zealanders. However, from the mid-1980s changes in New Zealand's immigration policies and the introduction of a working holiday scheme between Japan and New Zealand, led to the growth of a distinctive Japanese community. Its distinctiveness lays in a fact that unlike the classic 'New' immigrant communities of Japanese in Auckland and some other countries, it consisted largely of permanent residents rather than business expatriates. By the 1990s, the community had become large enough to support formal organisational structures, such as the Japanese Society of Canterbury, established in 1991 and the Japanese Supplementary School of Canterbury, opened in 1999. These organisations were founded by the permanent residents, not business sojourners. They fostered a sense of community and were expressions of Japanese identity, but they also promoted links with the host society. In this respect, they were representative of attitudes prevalent amongst the Christchurch's Japanese permanent residents. A survey conducted as a part of the research for this thesis reveals that Japanese in Christchurch retain a strong ethnic identification with Japan. However, it as well shows that they also have a strong civic identification with Christchurch and with New Zealand because they are glad that they live there; and it shows that most of them socialise extensively with European New Zealanders, support Canterbury and the All Blacks, and adopt aspects of 'Kiwi culture'. They have a dual loyalty to the land of their birth and the place where they live.