This paper is the result of a minor field study conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, during the period of November and December 2007. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the current business environment for apparel manufacturing in Istanbul. Research was carried out through an industry analysis in terms of competition and potential future development for apparel manufacturers. The research has been carried out through interviews with actors related to the apparel manufacturing segment. Interviewees include five manufacturers, two sourcing agents, one trade organization and one professor with research in the area. Our findings concerning the business environment are based on Michael E. Porters theoretical framework on “How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy”. In the case of Turkish apparel manufacturers this paper concludes how the barriers of entry for new actors are high, unless integrating forward. Additionally in general terms the suppliers have a weak bargaining position while customers are relatively strong in the bargaining process. The rivalry among apparel manufacturers is low, but it can be stated how less differentiated manufacturer experience significant higher level of rivalry. Further on this paper also concludes how these factors not are affected by any substitute products, much due to the broad scope of the study. In respect to these factors a general strategy used by apparel manufactures has been identified as they try to affect the balance of these competitive forces through e.g. differentiation and vertical integration.

本研究針對台灣半導體設計產業的演變軌跡進行探討與分析，本研究以國內技術層次及市場發展都相對優良的IC(Integrated Circuit，簡稱IC)設計產業為範疇，利用安妮塔․麥格漢(Anita M.Mcgahan)在「創新的軌跡」對IC設計產業的演化作分析以及探討，同時亦可將分析結果提供IC 設計產業作為未來發展之參考。研究所得之結論如下: 1、IC設計產業的產品生命週期短，技術汰換率高，市場變化快速。 2、IC設計產業是創造型演變軌跡。 3、台灣IC設計產業者核心資產較不易保護，但核心活動都較堅固。 4、IC設計產業中的電腦晶片組和LCD驅動晶片與視訊控制IC都已為成熟期。 本研究之結論在管理上的意義: 1、IC設計產業的核心資產易遭受威脅，完整的核心活動可降低核心資產所遭受的損失。 2、IC設計產業的核心資產最重要的為專利和產品的研發技術。 3、IC設計產業的核心活動上，因為台灣的上、下游垂直分工的形態，讓台灣IC設計廠商跟供應商的關係大致良好，所以台灣廠商的核心活動也佔有優勢。

[pt] O objetivo principal deste estudo é identificar na indústria de artigos esportivos como as estratégias das firmas durante o período de 2001 a 2003 afetaram o seu posicionamento e, conseqüentemente, o seu desempenho. Também são identificadas as principais dimensões estratégicas adotadas pelas firmas que refletem o modo como elas competem. Por último, é avaliada a presença de grupos estratégicos nesta indústria. A Base de dados utilizada é composta de 24 firmas e contém informações sobre seu comportamento estratégico. São consideradas 08 variáveis estratégicas, 03 variáveis de desempenho e 05 variáveis ambientais. Os dados coletados foram analisados utilizando métodos estatísticos multivariados como análise de fator, análise de cluster e MANOVA. Os resultados obtidos através dessa análise sugerem que as diferenças de desempenho médias dos grupos estratégicos formados podem ser explicadas em função das diferenças entre as decisões estratégicas de cada firma da amostra. / [en] The main objective of this study is to identify, in the sports goods industry, how the strategies of the firms, during the period of 2001 to 2003, affected their positioning and consequently their performance. The most important strategic dimensions adopted by the firms, which reflect the way they compete, are also identified. Lastly, the presence of strategic groups is also evaluated in the industry. The database used if constituted of 24 firms and contains information regarding their strategic behavior. It´s considered 08 strategic variables, 03 performance variables and 05 environmental variables. The data collected was analyzed using multivariate statistical methods such as factor analysis, cluster analysis and MANOVA. The results obtained through this analysis suggest that medium performance difference among constituted strategic groups can be explained as a function of differences in strategic decisions of each firm in the sample.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá situací na celosvětovém automobilovém průmyslu v době právě probíhající finanční krize. Popisuje dané odvětví pomocí mikro a makro ekonomických modelů. Dále také uvádí globální trendy a specifika daného průmyslu. Autor prezentuje své názory na aktuální finanční situaci a analyzuje její dopady na automobilový průmysl. Tyto závěry se opírají o teorie strategického managementu a o analýzy dané problematiky. Na základě těchto poznatků pak autor navrhuje strategie, které by v kritických případech mohly vézt k záchraně a vyzdvihuje příležitosti, ze kterých by bylo možné profitovat. Práce poskytuje čtenáři teoretický pohled na aktuální ekonomikou situaci v automobilovém průmyslu a nabízí autorovy hypotézy na strategie, které by mohli vézt z krize v tomto odvětví.

The Paris Agreement has stipulated global lowering of carbon emission to reach the 1.5°C target by 2030. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has suggested several scenarios with rapid innovation and downscaling of energy usage. Against this background, this thesis analyzes the productive capacity of Sweden to reach the corresponding carbon emission target. A product-byindustry input-output-model of the economy to study different re-allocations of production is used. The effect of these re-allocations on the output as well as carbon dioxide emissions from domestic production are considered. Linear optimization is used to achieve efficient re-allocations. Two scenarios are considered: one called the “basic case”, and one called the “efficient export case”. The basic case uniformly rescales the output. The efficient export case internalizes the export and allows it to be uniformly rescaled by the optimization up to trade balance as well. The data is from 2016 as it is the latest data with the necessary information. The result for the basic case shows that the 1.5°C target in 2016 can be reached without downscaling the output. The total employment shrinks by 2%, while some sectors of the economy are significantly changed. The result of the efficient export case has a similar result while total employment shrinks by 11%. The basic case releases 2% less than the reported carbon emissions, and the efficient export case 24% less where the efficient export case downscales the gross domestic product with 13%. The dynamics of innovation, negative impacts on production, and population growth are not accounted for in these estimates. Further studies need to internalize more constraints and develop more detailed models to provide more accurate policy guidance.

本研究共一冊，預計四萬至五萬字，分九章十六節：第一章、導論（研究目的、觀念 架構）。第二章、相關文獻探討（理論基礎、實證研究、）。第三章、研究方法（研 究假設、研究範圍與資料蒐集、研究限制）。第四章、產業分析（總體環境、科技、 產業政策及廠商特色）。第五章、環境、策略與企業績效之關係（環境因素之關係、 環境與策略之關係、策略與績效之關係）。第六章、結論與建議。一般而言，影響企 業成長的因素可歸納為內部與外部因素，前者包括企業家的特質、組織管理要素、企 業文化等因素；後者則指企業的科技、經濟、產業環境及政府政策等因素。本文專從 外部因素來研究，並輔以經營策略、競爭武器為中介變數，探討影響企業成長之外部 因素有那些﹖這些因素彼此間之關係如何﹖外部因素影響企業成長之途徑為何﹖

The main aim of the theoretical part of this diploma thesis is to describe importance of writing the business plan and charecterize its main features. In the second part, the detailed and comprehensive business plan is created in the way it could be used for a bank institution to obtain loan to start own enterprise in the accommodation and hospitality industry. The plan should also help enter the market successfully, obtain certain market share and consolidate position and ensure growth of the pension in the future.

[pt] O objetivo principal deste estudo é identificar na indústria de construção civil como as estratégias das empresas durante o período de 2011 a 2016 afetaram o seu posicionamento e, consequentemente, o seu desempenho. Também são identificadas as principais dimensões estratégicas adotadas pelas firmas que refletem o modo como elas competem. Por último, é avaliada a presença de grupos estratégicos nesta indústria. A Base de dados utilizada é composta de 15 empresas e contém informações sobre seu comportamento estratégico. São consideradas cinco variáveis estratégicas e sete variáveis de desempenho. Os dados coletados foram analisados utilizando métodos estatísticos multivariados como análise de fatores, análise de cluster e MANOVA. Os resultados obtidos através dessa análise sugerem que as diferenças de desempenho médias dos grupos estratégicos formados podem ser explicadas em função das diferenças entre as decisões estratégicas de cada empresa da amostra. / [en] The main objective of this study is to identify in the construction industry how the strategies of companies during the period from 2011 to 2016 affected their positioning and consequently their performance. It also identifies the main strategic dimensions adopted by firms that reflect how they compete. Finally, the presence of strategic groups in this industry is evaluated. The database used is composed of 15 companies and contains information about their strategic behavior. Five strategic variables and seven performance variables are considered. The data collected were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods such as factor analysis, cluster analysis and MANOVA. The results obtained through this analysis suggest that the average performance differences of the strategic groups formed can be explained by the differences between the strategic decisions of each company in the sample.

[pt] A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo principal apresentar à empresa Y qual a melhor forma de expandir o negócio de varejo de frozen yogurt no mercado do Rio de Janeiro. Para que este objetivo fosse alcançado, inicialmente foi estudada a indústria na qual o negócio de frozen yogurt, um tipo de fast food, está inserido, à luz da teoria de Michael Porter para análise estrutural de indústrias e da concorrência. Em seguida, buscou-se descrever as principais características de três modelos de expansão viáveis no caso: expansão por meio de operações próprias, por meio do sistema de franchising e por meio da forma plural. Este último modelo é um sistema híbrido, caracterizado pela coexistência de operações franqueadas e lojas próprias. Ao longo do trabalho são apresentados os principais pontos fortes e vulnerabilidades de cada um destes modelos aplicados ao negócio de frozen yogurt e, ao final, é sugerida qual a forma de expansão mais apropriada para o negócio. / [en] This paper has as main objective to suggest to company Y the best way on which to expand its frozen yogurt retail business in Rio de Janeiro s market. To reach this objective, it was initially studied the industry in which the frozen yogurt business, a kind of fast food, is inserted, based upon Michael Porter s theory of structural analysis for industries and competition. The next step was to describe the main features of three different viable expansion models, in this case: expansion through company-owned stores, through franchised stores or through a plural form. This last model, being a hybrid system, featured by the coexistence of franchised stores and company owned stores. Throughout this work the main strengths and vulnerabilities of each of these models applied to the frozen yogurt business are presented and in the end the most appropriate expansion strategy for the business is suggested, based upon the analysis and criteria adopted.

The main goals of the thesis were to prepare an analysis of activities of strategic management, to improve the synergy between strategic and operational management, to enhance the quality of strategic decisions in selected company. The first step was to study and comparison of Czech and foreign professional literature and make literary summary that gives the reader into the issue of strategic management. The practical part is performed by first analysis of the current state of strategic and operational management in selected company through the following analyzes: STEP analysis, industry analysis, financial analysis, guided interview with the director of the company. Based on the results of previous analyzes were determined strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats of the company. Their influence is compared in the SWOT analysis. The last part presents proposals for measures that would lead to improving the coordination of strategic and operational management and an overall improvement in key areas of the company.