Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Augsburg, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [226]-234) and index.

Part of habilitation - Universität, Regensburg, 2001.

This paper deals with rights of women and their social role during the Viking Age. The method is to compare things and written material. In the written material, three cases of rape have been identified. How each of these cases where looked upon differs; legally the punishment for rape was exile. Violence against wives implied their right to divorce, whereby they were entitled to take with them a great part of the family´s capital, namely their dowry and morning gift. A husband and wife did not inherit each other but a widow could inherit from her children if they died without offspring. Women buried in boat graves indicate that they had a function or were closely involved in the cult. From two graves, the Aska Grave and the Oseberg Grave, the findings can be interpreted as indicating a change in the social behaviour. I propose this was a way of breaking with the past and sabotaging the right to remember earlier cultural habits.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1998.

One of the principle factors that limits the areas to which seeded bermudagrass can be adapted is low temperature. Therefore, increasing the winter tolerance of seeded bermudagrass cultivars has been a goal of turfgrass breeders for many years. Design of an efficient breeding method for developing cultivars with increased tolerance to cool and freezing temperatures could be enhanced by having heritability estimates for cold tolerance traits. Additionally, the identification of correlated traits can be useful in improvement of cultivar development. Heritability estimates for winter tolerance can be obtained from cold treatments imposed artificially or from observations made in the field. Parental clones and their respective polycross half-sib families were established in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2004 in Lexington, KY. Differences in spring green up and fall dormancy measured in 2006 were detected between genotypes within the progeny and parental groups. These same lines were subjected to 15 replications of a freezing treatment in a freeze chamber. Differences in spring green up and fall dormancy were detected between genotypes within the progeny and parental groups. Differences in freeze response were also detected using the artificial freeze treatment. Broad-sense heritabilities were estimated to be 0.895 and 0.573 for spring green-up and fall dormancy respectively. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were found to be 0.885 and 0.265 for these same traits. These results indicate that this population could be improved for cold tolerance using phenotypic recurrent selection. Freeze response was found to be positively correlated to winter hardiness and seed yield in the parent group.

A fundamental tenet of classical Mendelian genetics is that allelic information is stably transmitted from parent to progeny. Work in our laboratory has revealed a novel exception to this law where Arabidopsis thaliana plants homozygous for the recessive organ-fusion mutation hothead (hth) gave rise to phenotypically and genotypically wild-type (HTH) progeny at high frequencies. We have coined the term restoration to describe this phenomenon, since the reverted HTH allele was not detectable in the parental genome but was present in a recent ancestor (the grandparent). Recent work in our laboratory has demonstrated that 45-94 bp insertions and deletions (indels) can also restore, irrespective of their genomic location. The work described in this thesis expands our understanding of restoration by characterizing previously identified non-parental loci at the molecular level, and monitoring the inheritance of native and transgenic alleles in hth mutant and wild-type genetic backgrounds. Two ??? eight hundred bp genomic intervals containing non-parental loci were cloned and sequenced. This revealed that the tracts of sequence which had been reinstated were identical in phase and sequence composition to the corresponding grandparental sequences. Furthermore, molecular markers flanking non-parental loci were profiled across 80-90 kb chromosomal regions. In all cases, the flanking markers reverted concurrently, suggesting that restoration can affect comparatively large genomic regions. However, it is not clear if flanking markers revert as a result of multiple independent events or, alternatively, are the result of one continuous restoration event. A number of individuals studied in this thesis are genetic mosaics, wherein the restoration events are localized within a single individual. Genetic mosaicism cannot be attributed to pollen contamination, and provides the strongest evidence to-date that restoration is a genuine and novel biological phenomenon. The inheritance of a transgenic allele and two native alleles was monitored in pedigrees compromising a number of distinct ancestries in hth-4, hth-8, and wild-type genetic backgrounds. Although none of the F3 progeny exhibited atypical segregation of the investigated alleles, molecular screening may have revealed localized (mosaic) restoration of the transgenic marker. However, these results remain inconclusive based on results obtained in a negative control experiment. Several significant conclusions can be derived from the work described in this thesis: (1) Restoration is a highly specific template-directed process. The template is likely of ancestral origin, although the nature of the template and the precise mechanism of restoration remain unclear. (2) Restoration frequently gives rise to individuals that are genetic mosaics, a finding that cannot be attributed to outcrossing. (3) Restored sequences are more readily identified by molecular genotyping than phenotypic screening. Possible mechanisms and recommended future studies are discussed.

This paper deals with the legal situation surrounding the legal statutory portion. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the statutory portions function in our society, does the rule fit into today’s society? To carry out this study, the authors analyzed the legal situation accordingly to the legal dogmatic method. Emphasis has been placed especially on laws but also non-government bills and doctrine.The statutory portion was introduced in the Swedish system, as early as in the 17th century. Its primary purpose then was to ensure a heritage to the descendants’ heirs. At this time most people died at a young age and their children were often young and incapable of supporting themselves. Today, it is more unusual to leave minor children, and it its more common to die of old age with already adult chil-dren. The statutory portion, which has as a purpose to ensure that parts of the de-scendants inheritance shall rightly fall to its heirs, is found today in 7 chapter 1§ ÄB .In recent years, a large number of non-government bills and government bills has been presented with proposals for the abolition of the statutory portion. Different writers express their view on the statutory portion as outdated and that the system does not fit into our society. Those who find the statutory portion outdated also express the meaning that statutory portion stands in conflict against both property law and the descendants last will.The authors consider the need for an investigation on the matter to determine whether the legal portion is outdated and no longer fulfills its purpose, or if it still is adapted to our modern society. / Denna uppsats behandlar den rättsliga situationen kring laglottsskyddet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda laglottens funktion i dagens samhälle, är regeln anpas-sad efter dagens rättsliga behov? För att genomföra denna undersökning har för-fattarna analyserat det rättsliga läget i enlighet med den rättsdogmatiska metoden. Tyngd har lagts särskilt på lagtext men även motioner och doktrin har spelat en viktig roll.Laglotten infördes i det svenska systemet redan på 1800-talet. Dess främsta syfte var då att säkerställa ett efterarv för den avlidnes bröstarvingar. På den här tiden dog de flesta i ung ålder och de barn som efterlämnades var ofta unga och oför-mögna att själva försörja sig. Idag är det mer ovanligt att den som avlider efter-lämnar omyndiga barn, oftast dör vi idag i en hög ålder och våra barn är då själva redan vuxna. Laglottsskyddet, vilkets innebörd är att viss del av en avlidens arv skall tillfalla dess bröstarvingar, hittas idag i 7 kap 1§ ÄB.Under de senare åren har ett stort antal motioner och propositioner lagts fram med förslag om ett avskaffande av laglotten. Olika skribenter utrycker en åsikt om att laglotten är föråldrad och att systemet inte passar in i vårt samhälle. Det menas också att laglotten strider emot både egendomsrätten och den avlidnes sista vilja.Författarna anser att det behövs en utredning på området, för att fastställa huruvida laglotten är föråldrad och ej längre uppfyller sitt syfte, eller om den än idag är anpassad till vårt samhälle. Efter en utredning finner författarna att en re-form av laglotten kan finnas nödvändig.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Univ., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. / Härtill 9 uppsatser.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Greifswald.