Techn. Univ., Diss.--Braunschweig, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 289 - 319.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Foreign criminal syndicates are using South Africa as a springboard to commit certain crimes throughout the world. The crimes vary from fraud to murder to dealing in drugs. The South African Police Service does possess the capacity and the means to trace and arrest these criminals but this is not enough. Foreigners arrested in this country are tried and sentenced without any checks being done in order to determine whether the subject is possibly sought by other policing agencies throughout the world. One of the means available to the South African Police Service but which is completely under utilizsed is the component "Interpol", which is based within the Crime Intelligence division at Head Office in Pretoria. One reason for the under utilisation of this component is the absence of an operational policy. The design of a policy document will inform members of the South African Police Service of the environment in which Interpol operates and what contribution it can make in respect of- the investigation of crimes that have an international dimension. The theoretical aspects of the policy environment have been discussed and it was found that it is of importance that the proper goals and objectives are formulated and that policy analyst must be able to differentiate between the two. As progress is made in respect of the policy document the analyst will have to keep abreast with current tendencies and make the necessary adjustments. These changes must not be of such a nature that the goals and objectives of the policy document are changed or altered. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the police, especially in Europe, began to realise that criminals were regularly committing offences in other countries and then returning to their own country. There was nothing that the police could do in this regard as the extradition of a criminal was done applied for in exceptional circumstances. The possibility of establishing an international policing agency in order to assist all policing agencies in combating these "cross-border" crimes was investigated. The first conference was held during 1914 in Monaco. This was the first of many conferences that would lead to the establishment of the international policing agency known as "Interpol". South Africa only joined the organisation in September 1993. It is proposed that an operational policy document be drafted and send to all the divisions of the South African Police Service. This document clearly stipulates how Interpol Pretoria can be of assistance to all the divisions of the South African Police Service. This includes what must be done when foreign nationals are arrested in South Africa and when members of the South African police Service undertake official journeys to foreign countries. The document also includes how the component is managed, its structure and the nature of its duties. Research has proven that there is a need for a policy document for Interpol Pretoria. It is recommended that the operational policy document be accepted. Once accepted, the document must be converted into a national instruction. The advantages of a document of this nature are: ./' The component already exists and no additional funding is required to establish the component. ./' More members of the South African Police Service will be able to make use of the services rendered by the component. Of the disadvantages in this regard, is that it is a long-winded procedure that has to be followed before the document is approved. Visits will have to be undertaken to hold "information sessions" with the commanders within the various provinces. Research has illustrated that policy documents are valuable within the Public Service. The absence of a policy document is not necessarily a disadvantage to certain units within the policing environment but when it comes to available resources not being optimally utilized, the reason therefore could be the absence on an operational policy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika word deur buitelandse misdaadsindikate as afsetgebied gebruik om sekere misdade oor die hele wêreld heen te pleeg. Die misdade wissel van bedrog tot moord tot dwelmhandel. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens beskik weloor bronne en kennis om die misdadigers op te spoor en in hegtenis te neem. Maar dit is nie genoeg nie. Buitelanders wat in hegtenis geneem word, word vervolg sonder dat daar vasgestel word of die persoon deur ander polisie-agentskappe in ander wêrelddele gesoek word. Van die bronne wat tot die beskikking van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens is, maar wat heeltemalonderbenut word, is die "Interpol"-komponent van Misdaadintelligensie, Hoofkatnoor, Pretoria. Een van die redes hiervoor is dat daar geen operasionele beleid vir hierdie komponent bestaan nie. Die opstel van so 'n beleidsdokument sal lede van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens inlig oor die werksmilieu waarbinne "Interpol" werk en watter bydrae die komponent by die ondersoek van misdade met 'n internasionale dimensie kan maak. Die teoretiese aspekte van die beleidsmilieu is bespreek en daar is gevind dat dit van kardinale beland is om behoorlik geformuleerde doelstellings en doelwitte op te stel. Die beleidsanalis behoort ook tussen die twee kan onderskei. Soos die opstel van die document vorder, is dit belangrik dat die analis met nuwe tendense moet tred hou en die nodige verstellings behoort aanbring te word. Dié verstellings behoort nie van so 'n aard wees dat dit die doelstellings en doelwitte van die beleidsdokument verander nie. Teen die middle van die negentiende eeu het die polisie, veral in Europa begin besef dat misdadigers gereeld misdade in ander lande pleeg en dan na hulle eie land terugkeer. Daar was niks wat die polisiebeamptes hieraan kon doen nie aangesien die uitlewering van 'n verdagte slegs in uitsonderlik egevalle aangevra is. Die moontlikheid is ondersoek dat 'n internasionale polisie-organisasie op die been gebring moes word wat alle polisie-agentskappe sou help om "oorgrensmisdade" te bekamp. Die eerste konferensie van dié is in 1914 in Monaco gehou. Dit was die eerste van 'n reeks konferensies wat aanleidign sou gee tot die totstandkoming van die internasionale polisie-organisasie wat vandag as "Interpol" bekend staan. Suid- Afrika het eers in September 1993 lid van dié organisasie geword. 'n Operasionele beleidsdokument word voorgestel wat na al die afdelings van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens versprei moet word. Die dokument gee 'n uiteensetting van hoe Interpol Pretoria ander afdelings van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens van hulp kan wees, soos byvoorbeeld wat van lede in sekere gevalle verlang word, soos waar buitelandse burgers gearresteer word en/of wanneer lede amptelike besoeke aan ander lande aflê. Die dokument gee ook 'n uiteensetting van hoe die komponent bedryf word, asook van sy struktuur en werksaamhede. Die navorsing bewys dat daar 'n behoefte aan 'n beleidsdokument vir Interpol Pretoria bestaan. Daar word aanbeveel dat die operasionele beleidsdokument aanvaar behoort te word. Nadat dit goedgekeur is, behoort dit in 'n nasionale instruksie omskep te word. Die voordele van so 'n dokument is meervoudig, en sluit die volgende in: ./ Die Komponent bestaan reeds en bykomende fondse hoef nie daarvoor bewillig te word nie . ./ Meer lede van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens sal die dienste gebruik wat die komponent verskaf. Van die nadele is dat dit 'n langdurige proses is om so 'n beleidsdokument te laat goedkeur. Besoeke sal aan die verskeie provinsiale kantore gebring behoort te word om 'inligtingsessies' met die bevelvoerders te hou. Die navorsig het weer eens bewys dat beleidsdokumente nog steeds 'n waardevolle plek in die Staatsdiens het. Die gebrek aan 'n beleid is nie noodwendig nadelig vir sekere eenhede binne die polisiemilieu nie, maar wanneer daar gekyk word na die onderbenutting van bestaande bronne, kan dit heel moontlik aan die afwesigheid van 'n operasionele beleidsdokument toegeskryf word.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: After a decade long multi-faceted political crisis, political parties in Zimbabwe signed the Global Political Agreement (GPA) of 2008 following the Southern African Development Community’s (SADC) mediated talks culminating in the formation of an inclusive government. This study sought to investigate the political role, if any, played by the diasporic media in mediating the Zimbabwean crisis. This research focused on diasporic media using as a case study The Zimbabwean newspaper considering that during the research period it was circulating both in the country and diaspora communities in Western Europe, the USA and SADC countries. Diasporic media in Zimbabwe is a phenomenon associated with the rise of robust political opposition to the former ruling ZANU PF regime. Accordingly, such media operated outside the purview of the contemporary legislative and legal regime although the newspaper circulated in Zimbabwe. A number of anti establishment news media sprouted to challenge and offer resistance in the cyberspace and on shortwave and in print media. The Social Responsibility Theory was employed with the aim of establishing whether or not The Zimbabwean observed the journalistic ethics of reporting with truthfulness, accuracy, balance and objectivity. The Social Responsibility Theory’s thrust is on de-sensationalising reportage, promotion of media ethics and self regulation. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The research established that The Zimbabwean newspaper played, to a larger extent, an active role in challenging the ZANU PF-led government and gave a platform to the oppositional Movement for Democratic Change. The conclusion arrived at in this study was that just like the state media, which promoted the government’s propaganda, The Zimbabwean did the same for the opposition parties in Zimbabwe. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Politieke partye in Zimbabwe het ná ’n lang politieke krisis met vele fasette die Global Political Agreement (GPA) van 2008 geteken. Dit het gevolg op die Suid-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG) se mediëring wat gelei het tot die vorm van ’n inklusiewe regering. Hierdie studie het probeer om die politieke rol, indien enigsins, van die diaspora-media in die mediëring van die Zimbabwiese krisis te ondersoek. Die navorsing het op diaspora-media gefokus deur ’n gevallestudie van die koerant The Zimbabwean te doen. Dié blad is gedurende die navorsingstyd in die land sowel as onder die Zimbabwiese diaspora in Europa, die VSA en SAOG-lande versprei. Diaspora-media in Zimbabwe is ’n fenomeen wat geassosieer word met die opkoms van ’n robuuste politieke opposisie teen die ZANU (PF)-regime. Dié media opereer dus buite die grense van die juridiese en wetgewende gesag van die land. ’n Verskeidenheid antiestablishment media het in die kuberruim, kortgolfradio en drukmedia ontwikkel wat beide uitgedaag en weerstand gebied het. Die Sosiale Verantwoordelikheidsteorie is gebruik om vas te stel of The Zimbabwean joernalistieke etiek nagekom het deur waarheidsgetrou en akkuraat, sowel as met balans en objektiwiteit, te rapporteer. Die teorie fokus om reportage te desensasionaliseer en om media-etiek en selfregulering te bevorder. Die studie het kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik. Die navorsing het vasgestel dat The Zimbabwean tot ’n groot mate ’n aktiewe rol gespeel het om die ZANU (PF)-regering uit te daag en ’n platform te bied aan die Movement for Democratic Change (MDC)-groepering. Die slotsom is dat, net soos die staatsmedia regering-propaganda bevorder het, The Zimbabwean dit vir die opposisiepartye in Zimbabwe gedoen het.

The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of armed conflicts predominantly draws on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. In this dissertation I argue against those that highlight material power when explaining outcomes of international mediation processes. Indeed, this dissertation shows that legitimacy, far more than capacity, determines outcomes of mediation. The reason why legitimacy matters so much is that if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutual satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties towards compliance, but if a mediator loses legitimacy, no amount of material resources will prove sufficient in mediating the conflict. In other words, material capacity in the form of economic and military resources may be useful to successfully mediate a conflict, but it is rarely sufficient. Through scrutinising international mediation processes in civil wars in Africa, I develop a theory that explains how mediators are effective because of a high degree of legitimacy rather than military or economic capacity. More specifically, I show how legitimacy matters through comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically referred to as ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, African third parties are effective in mediating civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type of mediation in conflicts in Africa. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2012, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African third parties, African third parties are far more likely to conclude peace agreements and these peace agreements are more likely to be durable. Two case studies, in which several mediation efforts in civil wars in Sudan are examined, further probe the causal mechanisms that I put forward to explain the effectiveness of African mediation. While I do not claim causal generalisability on the basis of these two case studies, the mediation efforts in Sudan nevertheless suggest that third party legitimacy is central to mediation success. This is the first systematic study that compares African and non-African mediation efforts. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that solely puts forward rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this dissertation overcomes key limitations in the current mediation literature, in which material sources of power are emphasised and social structures are ignored.

‘What is required is the ‘politics of the rhizome’ in which everyone, every community, every nation and every major region comes to terms with the uniqueness of their situation and acts accordingly – and realises that it is only by vast numbers of people, of groups and organizations acting in accordance with possibilities of their situations, that the environmental crisis will be solved.’ (Gare, 1995:161). The study investigates the implementation of Local Agenda 21’s education, awareness and training component by the Gaborone City Council Environmental Health Department (GCCEHD) to address environmental challenges facing the city of Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana. The research was conducted as a qualitative case study that made use of semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and document analysis as instruments of data generation. Samples of respondents were selected from the Gaborone City Council (GCCEHD) employees in management positions, workers, and elected political councillors. The study is contextualised through establishing environmental issues in the Gaborone City Council, identifying strategies to address environmental issues and the review of the Waste Management Plan 2003-2009, which the department uses as a guiding document for waste management. The study establishes that the council employees are mostly concerned with issues of waste management and need commitment from all Local Government sectors of the work force. The study established the importance of education, awareness and training as a response to environmental issues facing Gaborone. The study also establishes the need for social education in terms of public education, awareness and training needed for the public to adequately respond to environmental challenges in their context. Models and relevant policy and guiding documents such as the Vision for Greater Gaborone, DPSEEA Model and Botswana Environmental Planning Principles were identified and recommended for the department to consider. The awareness and training activities should be developed and involve the community in environmental management. This should enable the council to create opportunities for income generation, at the same time changing community negative attitudes towards the environment and improving service delivery by the department.

NOBRE, Clarissa Diniz Diógenes. Timorenses na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB): encontros e desencontros de uma experiência. 2015. 94f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-22T13:02:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cddnobre.pdf: 983723 bytes, checksum: 409b456f7f2d9982f11684dac1a62911 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-22T16:15:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cddnobre.pdf: 983723 bytes, checksum: 409b456f7f2d9982f11684dac1a62911 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-22T16:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cddnobre.pdf: 983723 bytes, checksum: 409b456f7f2d9982f11684dac1a62911 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This essay analyses the integration process of students coming from East Timor to study at the University of International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (Unilab), from the perspective of the relationship between these students and the administrative and educational head of the university. It was verified that, besides the difficulties and challenges of any experience in a new country, this group had to deal with bureaucratic problems arising from the lack of consensus between the two parties regarding the implementation of the cooperation agreement between the university and the Timorese government. It is important to highlight this conflict to understand how the process of admission and residence of those students happens in the Institution; getting to understand also the continuity of relations between the Unilab and the Timor-Leste government. Through field research, it was possible to realize the strength of this group, that even in an environment where the African component is privileged, put into evidence the institutional thinking and the weaknesses of the university in relation to: a) meeting the demands of foreign students (in this case of the East Timor students); and b)the maintenance of international agreements. Throughout this work, besides the analysis of the integration process from the perspective of the relationship between East Timorese students and the administrative and educational head of the university; we observed how these students are involved in the academic life, that despite the differences, and the economic issue is just one of them, live together and interact spontaneously with other students of the institution. / O presente trabalho faz um estudo sobre o processo de integração dos estudantes timorenses na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Unilab), a partir da análise da relação entre eles e a administração superior da instituição. Foi observado que, além das dificuldades e desafios próprios de qualquer vivência em um novo país, o grupo teve de lidar com problemas burocráticos advindos da dificuldade de consenso entre ambas as partes quanto a execução do acordo de cooperação entre a universidade e o governo timorense. Esse conflito é importante para compreender como ocorre o processo de acolhimento e permanência desses estudantes na instituição e a continuidade das relações entre a Unilab e o governo de Timor-Leste. Através da pesquisa de campo, foi possível perceber a força deste grupo, que mesmo em um ambiente onde o componente africano é privilegiado, pôs em xeque o pensamento institucional e as fragilidades da universidade em relação ao atendimento das demandas dos alunos estrangeiros, no caso os timorenses, e à manutenção de acordos internacionais. No decorrer deste trabalho, além da análise do processo de integração a partir do vínculo entre os timorenses e a administração superior, observamos como estes alunos estão inseridos nas práticas da vida acadêmica, em que apesar das diferenças, sendo a questão econômica uma delas, convivem e interagem espontaneamente com os demais discentes da instituição.

Contexto: O Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (PACS) existe há mais de 20 anos no Brasil, tendo lugar de destaque no cenário mundial por sua larga escala e integração com equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Apesar da dimensão do PACS e da ESF no Brasil, há poucos estudos avaliando o seu impacto. Em Luanda, Angola, o PACS, inspirado no modelo brasileiro, começou a ser implantado em 2007. O suporte técnico do Brasil foi solicitado para apoiar o processo, o que gerou um projeto de cooperação envolvendo instituições brasileiras e angolanas. Objetivos: Sumarizar a evidência conhecida da efetividade do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) no Brasil e avaliar a implantação de um programa da mesma natureza em Angola por meio de um processo de cooperação técnica Brasil-Angola. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada, usando o sistema GRADE para avaliação do nível de evidência. Para a análise da implantação do PACS de Luanda, foi feito estudo de caso com técnicas principalmente qualitativas: análise documental, registros das fichas dos ACS, observação direta, nove entrevistas com gestores e seis grupos focais com ACS. Resultados: Na revisão sistemática, foram incluídos 23 estudos, 14 (61%) dos quais avaliaram o ACS no contexto do PACS/ESF. Quanto ao desfecho, 13 estudos (56%) focaram em saúde materno-infantil, sete (30%) em doenças infecciosas, seis (26%) em problemas crônicos e dois (9%) na redução de iniquidades. O delineamento foi transversal ou de comparação antes e depois em 65% dos estudos. Apesar da baixa qualidade da evidência para a maioria dos desfechos, encontramos benefício do ACS (nível de evidência moderado) para frequência de pesagem em crianças, prevalência de amamentação (total, predominante e exclusiva) e introdução tardia da mamadeira. Quanto ao PACS de Luanda, 2548 ACS foram formados até junho de 2009, com 261.357 famílias cadastradas, representando 60% da cobertura prevista. Por meio de dados qualitativos, houve associação do PACS com melhora na saúde materno-infantil e com aumento da procura de serviços de saúde. Apesar disso, o programa enfrenta dificuldades que ameaçam a sua sustentabilidade: falta de remuneração regular e vínculo administrativo do ACS; necessidade de formação adequada, supervisão contínua e estratégias de avaliação; e pouca capacidade de resposta do serviço de saúde. Conclusões: Existe evidência, embora geralmente com qualidade limitada, mostrando efeito benéfico de intervenções do ACS no Brasil, especialmente para desfechos relacionados à saúde materno-infantil. Dada a dimensão do investimento brasileiro em ACS, investigar o benefício associado a esse profissional desponta como tema prioritário de pesquisa, o que também estimula o papel do Brasil na cooperação com Angola e outros países. O Brasil tem potencial de contribuir para a implantação do PACS em Angola, compartilhando a sua própria experiência com ACS no contexto do SUS e fornecendo suporte técnico a partir das demandas apresentadas, principalmente na avaliação do programa. Além disso, os aprendizados da cooperação são uma oportunidade para o Brasil repensar seus próprios desafios. No contexto geral, a intensificação das estratégias de avaliação desponta como necessidade urgente no âmbito da estruturação dos sistemas de saúde. / Context: The Communnity Health Workers Program (CHWP) exists for more than 20 years in Brazil, and is being acknowledged internationally for its large scale and integration with Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams. Despite massive investment in Community Health Workers (CHWs) expansion, there are few studies documenting their impact in Brazil. In Luanda, Angola, a CHWP inspired in the Brazilian model is being deployed since 2007. Brazil‟s technical support was demanded from the beginning of the implementation process, originating a cooperation project involving various Brazilian and Angolan institutions. Objectives: To summarize available evidence of the effectiveness of CHWs in Brazil, and to evaluate the implementation of a similar program in Angola, by means of technical cooperation with Brazil. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, using GRADE to assess the level of evidence. For the analysis of CHWP implementation in Luanda, we chose the case study design, using mainly qualitative techniques: documental analysis, data from CHWs‟ reports, direct observation, nine interviews with program coordinators and six focal groups with CHWs. Results: In the systematic review, 23 studies were included, 14 (61%) of which assessed the CHW linked to PACS/FHS. Concerning outcomes, 13 studies (56%) focused on maternal and child health, seven (30%) on infectious diseases, six (26%) on chronic health problems, and two (9%) on inequities reduction. Design was cross-sectional or before and after comparison in 65% of studies. Despite the low quality of evidence for the majority of outcomes, we found significant beneficial effect with CHWs (moderate evidence level) for frequency of weighing children, prevalence of breastfeeding (overall, predominant and exclusive) and late introduction of bottle-feeding. As for the analysis of program implementation in Luanda, 2548 CHWs were trained, with 261,357 families registered by June 2009, which represents 60% of planned coverage. According to qualitative data, CHWP was associated with improvements in maternal and child health and with increase in the demand for health assistance. Nevertheless, the program faces important difficulties that could prevent its sustainability: lack of regular payments and stable contracts for CHWs; need for formal training, continuous supervision and evaluation strategy; and reduced health service capacity. Conclusions: With the systematic review, we could conclude that there is evidence, in spite of its overall limited quality, showing beneficial effect of CHW interventions, especially those related to maternal and child health. Given the scale of the Brazilian investment in CHWs, investigating their specific contribution is a priority in the health research agenda, further stimulating the role Brazil can play in the cooperation with Angola and other countries, by sharing the experience with CHWs in the context of Brazil‟s universal health system, and by providing technical support, according to the needs arising in the implementation process, especially in program evaluation. At the same time, learning from Angola, Brazil has the opportunity to reflect on its own policies and challenges. In general, intensification of evaluation strategies is highlighted as an urgent need within the context of health systems‟ strengthening. / Telemedicina

Small and medium-sized enterprises perform important task in economy. To the category fall into enterprises to 250 employees. They supply social background and make for limitation of migration inhabitantes abroad or their inland. For development of small and medium-size enterprises in south Bohemia and Lower Bavaria serve programmes for their support. Entrepreneurs have possibility cooperation with organisations which offer facilities for sphere facilitation of bussines. Through these institutions happenes link-up including cooperation between Czech-German regions.

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida (gilvan.almeida@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-26T14:06:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 147.pdf: 1362748 bytes, checksum: 02ed56c939ba7ceae525fef0123444c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Barata Manoel (msbarata@coc.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-14T18:08:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 147.pdf: 1362748 bytes, checksum: 02ed56c939ba7ceae525fef0123444c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T18:08:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 147.pdf: 1362748 bytes, checksum: 02ed56c939ba7ceae525fef0123444c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / O presente trabalho procura reconstituir a criação do Centro Internacional de Leprologia (CIL), um empreendimento do governo brasileiro que contou com o apoio da Liga das Nações e com o auxílio financeiro de Guilherme Guinle. O CIL foi um projeto idealizado e realizado pelo cientista brasileiro Carlos Chagas. Membro do Comitê de Higiene da Liga das Nações desde 1922, Chagas levou o tema da lepra para esta arena de discussão, demonstrando sua importância internacional e as realizações para o controle da doença em seu país. Uma Comissão da Lepra foi estabelecida pela Organização da Saúde consolidando o tema na agenda internacional. Em 1931 foi firmado o acordo entre o Brasil e a Liga das Nações, mas o CIL só iniciou suas atividades em 1934. Previsto para funcionar pelo prazo mínimo de cinco anos, o Centro teve entre suas atividades a pesquisa laboratorial, o teste dos tratamentos pesquisados nos doentes, o ensino da leprologia e uma publicação científica a Revista Brasileira de Leprologia. O CIL encerrou suas atividades em 1939, quando o governo brasileiro decidiu não prosseguir com o convênio firmado com a Organização da Saúde da Liga das Nações. Percebemos que foram os interesses locais que motivaram a cooperação internacional entre Brasil e Liga das Nações no entre guerras. A consolidação desse empreendimento demonstra que o sistema de ideias e políticas no Brasil acerca da lepra esteve entrelaçado às agências internacionais e suas idéias sobre saúde. / The present work intends to reconstitute the creation of the International Leprosy Center (CIL), an enterprise of Brazilian government that counted on the support of League of Nations and on the financial aid of Guilherme Guinle. The CIL was a project idealized and carried through by the Brazilian scientist Carlos Chagas. Health Committee member since 1922, Chagas took the subject of the leprosy for this area of discussion, showing over its international matter and the accomplishments regarding the control of the illness in his country. A Leprosy Commission was established by the League of Nations Health Organisation consolidating the subject on the international agenda. In 1931 the agreement between Brazil and League of Nations was firmed, but the CIL itself initiated its activities in 1934. Foreseen to function for a minimum stated period of five years, this Center had on its activities the laboratorial research, the test of the treatments observed in searched with diseased people, the teaching of leprosy and the scientific publication – the Revista Brasileira de Leprologia. The CIL ended up its activities in 1939, when the Brazilian government decided not to keep the agreements firmed with the League of Nations Health Organisation. We perceive that it was individual interests that motivated the international cooperation between Brazil and the League of Nations through the years between wars. The consolidation of this enterprise clearly shows that the system of ideas and politics in Brazil concerning the leprosy was interlaced to the international agencies and its ideas on health.

Este estudo teve como objetivo abordar aspectos comparativos de cooperação internacional focando o tráfico internacional de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual. Inicíase a abordagem refletindo sobre a dignidade da pessoa humana e as questões socioculturais que permitem que a exploração sexual continue a existir e necessite uma investigação e persecução diferenciada de outras modalidades criminosas. A cooperação internacional, entre órgãos governamentais e não governamentais, é discutida em razão da transnacionalidade do crime de tráfico internacional de pessoas e atuação de organizações criminosas. O estudo comparativo de legislações e melhores práticas implementadas pelos Estados é realizado principalmente em relação aos países membros da União Europeia e do MERCOSUL e busca apontar pontos positivos e deficiências a fim de sugerir ações que devem ser implementadas ou melhoradas para que o tráfico internacional de pessoas para exploração sexual possa tornar-se cada vez mais difícil de ser realizado / This work aims to address comparative aspects of international cooperation focusing on international trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation. The approach initiates reflecting on the dignity of the human person and the socio-cultural issues that allow the sexual exploitation to continue to exist and to require an investigation and prosecution that differs from other criminal procedures. International cooperation, between governmental and non-governmental organizations, is discussed because of the transnational nature of the crime of international trafficking in persons and of the activities of criminal organizations. The comparative study of legislation and best practices implemented by the States addresses mainly the European Union and MERCOSUR member States and seeks to identify strengths and weaknesses in order to suggest actions that should be implemented or improved so that the international trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation may become increasingly difficult to realize.