Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-27T18:51:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gisele Lúcio da Costa Petrillo - 2014.pdf: 1032231 bytes, checksum: dcc6c6ac0313fff4340875655a301426 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2017-07-07T20:29:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gisele Lúcio da Costa Petrillo - 2014.pdf: 1032231 bytes, checksum: dcc6c6ac0313fff4340875655a301426 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T20:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gisele Lúcio da Costa Petrillo - 2014.pdf: 1032231 bytes, checksum: dcc6c6ac0313fff4340875655a301426 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / A internacionalização do Ensino Superior (ES) é um processo mundial crescente desde a década de 1990, provocado e estimulado pela globalização das interações políticas, econômicas, institucionais e sociais entre os países. Essa pesquisa verifica as estratégias e políticas públicas adotadas, nos níveis nacional e setorial, para a promoção da internacionalização do Ensino Superior do Brasil, percorrendo o período de 1960 até os dias atuais, chegando ao Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras. O objetivo dessa investigação consiste em compreender os processos de internacionalização e de formulação de políticas públicas para a internacionalização do ES e discutir acerca da efetividade dessas políticas dentro do modelo de Estado “gerencialista” e democrático brasileiro. A metodologia desse trabalho conta com a revisão sistemática da literatura acerca do estado da arte da internacionalização do ES e da literatura sobre políticas públicas com ênfase no ciclo das políticas e na importância das etapas de formulação, implementação e avaliação, além de contar com a análise de documentos oficiais, produzidos por agências internacionais, como UNESCO e OCDE, e nacionais, como CAPES e CNPq. Para analisar as informações e dados coletados, emprega-se o método qualitativo dedutivo. Existe uma percepção restrita e limitada quanto ao tema, sendo a forma passiva e cooperativa predominante no país, que coaduna com o padrão de inserção do país no sistema internacional e mostra-se em consonância com o modelo de desenvolvimento projetado, assim como com os interesses estratégicos brasileiros. O arcabouço institucional e a maneira, centralizada e verticalizada, de condução do processo de formulação e de implementação das políticas, concebido aos moldes top down (de cima para baixo), com objetivos gerais e metas não específicas, subscritos em grande parte dos acordos de cooperação internacionais, políticas setoriais, programas e planos que promovem a internacionalização do ES, refletem negativamente na possibilidade de se avaliar a efetividade dessas políticas no contexto do Estado “gerencialista” brasileiro e o accountability para a sociedade. Isso implica uma necessidade de conceber um modelo de internacionalização mais adequado e integrado ao projeto de Estado brasileiro e uma revisão do processo de formulação das políticas públicas em todas suas fases, de tal forma que se possa avaliar a efetividade dessas políticas públicas, incluídas nessas o Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras. / A internacionalização do Ensino Superior (ES) é um processo mundial crescente desde a década de 1990, provocado e estimulado pela globalização das interações políticas, econômicas, institucionais e sociais entre os países. Essa pesquisa verifica as estratégias e políticas públicas adotadas, nos níveis nacional e setorial, para a promoção da internacionalização do Ensino Superior do Brasil, percorrendo o período de 1960 até os dias atuais, chegando ao Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras. O objetivo dessa investigação consiste em compreender os processos de internacionalização e de formulação de políticas públicas para a internacionalização do ES e discutir acerca da efetividade dessas políticas dentro do modelo de Estado “gerencialista” e democrático brasileiro. A metodologia desse trabalho conta com a revisão sistemática da literatura acerca do estado da arte da internacionalização do ES e da literatura sobre políticas públicas com ênfase no ciclo das políticas e na importância das etapas de formulação, implementação e avaliação, além de contar com a análise de documentos oficiais, produzidos por agências internacionais, como UNESCO e OCDE, e nacionais, como CAPES e CNPq. Para analisar as informações e dados coletados, emprega-se o método qualitativo dedutivo. Existe uma percepção restrita e limitada quanto ao tema, sendo a forma passiva e cooperativa predominante no país, que coaduna com o padrão de inserção do país no sistema internacional e mostra-se em consonância com o modelo de desenvolvimento projetado, assim como com os interesses estratégicos brasileiros. O arcabouço institucional e a maneira, centralizada e verticalizada, de condução do processo de formulação e de implementação das políticas, concebido aos moldes top down (de cima para baixo), com objetivos gerais e metas não específicas, subscritos em grande parte dos acordos de cooperação internacionais, políticas setoriais, programas e planos que promovem a internacionalização do ES, refletem negativamente na possibilidade de se avaliar a efetividade dessas políticas no contexto do Estado “gerencialista” brasileiro e o accountability para a sociedade. Isso implica uma necessidade de conceber um modelo de internacionalização mais adequado e integrado ao projeto de Estado brasileiro e uma revisão do processo de formulação das políticas públicas em todas suas fases, de tal forma que se possa avaliar a efetividade dessas políticas públicas, incluídas nessas o Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-03-31T12:24:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelle Silva Santos - 2014.pdf: 1342505 bytes, checksum: 5a90a914bdf050196fe1acdde9f729a9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-04-02T10:28:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelle Silva Santos - 2014.pdf: 1342505 bytes, checksum: 5a90a914bdf050196fe1acdde9f729a9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-02T10:28:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelle Silva Santos - 2014.pdf: 1342505 bytes, checksum: 5a90a914bdf050196fe1acdde9f729a9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper aims to present the process of agenda setting and policy formulation that led Brazil's participation in the installation of the Sociedade Moçambicana de Medicamentos (SMM). For this, the Model of Multiple Streams of John Kingdon (1984) is used. Although this is a method traditionally used for policy analysis nationwide, it was employed in this study considering its wide range of variables, allowing us a consistent analysis of the domestic and external aspects that influenced the conduct of that policy. Another great aspect treated in this study is that of international cooperation, whose profile will be presented in general and their specific activities in Brazil and Mozambique. Even if the goal is centered on the Brazilian agenda, we shall also bear aspects of Mozambican reality that will be needed for the analysis of the object. As a result of the research, we identified the factors that influenced the conduct of streams that originated the partnership between Brazil and Mozambique for the installation of SMM. Specifically, we conclude that the window that gave rise to the policy in question was opened by the stream of Brazilian politics. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de formação de agenda e seleção de alternativas que deu origem a participação do Brasil na instalação da Sociedade Moçambicana de Medicamentos (SMM). Para tanto, será utilizado o Modelo dos Fluxos Múltiplos, de John Kingdon (1984). Embora este seja um modelo tradicionalmente utilizado para análise de políticas de âmbito nacional, ele foi empregado neste estudo considerando sua ampla gama de variáveis, que nos permitirão uma análise consistente dos aspectos domésticos e externos que influenciaram na condução dessa política. Outra grande vertente aqui analisada é a da cooperação internacional, cujo perfil será apresentado de modo geral e em suas atuações específicas no Brasil e em Moçambique. Ainda que o objetivo esteja centrado na agenda brasileira, adicionalmente traremos aspectos da realidade moçambicana, necessários para a análise do objeto. Como resultado da pesquisa, identificamos os fatores que influenciaram na condução dos fluxos que deram origem à parceria entre Brasil e Moçambique para a instalação da SMM. De modo mais específico, concluímos que a janela de oportunidade que deu origem a essa política foi aberta pelo fluxo da política brasileira.

O presente trabalho aborda a atuação de atores privados nos programas brasileiros de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Sua contribuição específica é tratar aqueles atores como grupos de interesse que perseguem objetivos próprios. A literatura que se dedica ao estudo de atores privados na cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento (CID) tem considerado as organizações não-governamentais como os atores privados clássicos desse tipo de atividade. Alicerçada em premissas construtivistas, parcela substancial de tal literatura defende que os atores privados que atuam na CID se diferenciam dos outros atores por realizarem a prática de advocacy e, assim, defenderem interesses coletivos. Ao mesmo tempo, a globalização e o processo de liberalização política que atingiu diferentes países latino-americanos modificaram a natureza da política externa, que, além de representar interesses coletivos no plano internacional, passou a ter de negociar mais intensamente interesses setoriais, a partir de sua inserção no conflito distributivo interno. Apesar disso, o estudo da atuação desses atores privados como grupos de interesse na formulação de política externa ainda constitui uma área a ser explorada na literatura. Tal lacuna se aprofunda significativamente nos estudos sobre a atuação de atores privados na CID. Esta tese busca, por meio do diálogo com a literatura pertinente, auxiliar no preenchimento desses vazios. / This thesis approaches the participation of private actors in the Brazilian international cooperation for development programs. Its specific contribution is to treat those actors as interest groups who pursuit self-interests. The literature about private actors in international cooperation for development considers non-governmental organizations to be the classic private actors involved in this activity. Based on constructivist assumptions, a substantial part of that literature proposes the private actors who participate in international cooperation for development are different from the other actors because the former makes advocacy instead of lobbying and, therefore, support collective interests. At the same time, globalization and the process of political liberalization which occurred in many Latin- American countries modified the nature of foreign policy. In this new scenario, beyond to represent collective interests in the international arena, foreign policy decision makers have been pressured to negotiate with specific interests. Despite of that, the field of study about interest groups in foreign policy decision making process rests almost unexplored. This gap deepen significantly in the literature about private actors in international cooperation for development. This thesis objective is to help to fill those gaps.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor a adoção do instituto da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica pelo Tribunal Penal Internacional como forma de aumentar a efetividade de seus requerimentos de cooperação aos Estados. Para isto, foram analisadas as intervenções humanitárias e a criação dos tribunais penais internacionais de Ruanda e da Ex-Iugoslávia. Esta análise concluiu que a falta de efetividade tem sido o maior problema enfrentado pelas ações voltadas à proteção internacional dos direitos humanos. Sob este aspecto foi estudada a criação do Tribunal Penal Internacional, sua estrutura, suas normas de cooperação e apontada a falta de um instituto que garanta a eficácia de seus atos jurídicos quando estes dependem da cooperação com Estados. Através do estudo da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica percebeu-se sua compatibilidade com o Direito Internacional, em relação aos Estados sob atuação da jurisdição complementar do Tribunal. Sendo assim, defende-se sua adoção como uma contra-medida tomada no contexto da responsabilidade de um Estado perante o Tribunal Penal Internacional por um ato de não cooperação, quando este for caracterizado por fraude ou abuso de competência. Assim, afirma-se a possibilidade e a conveniência da adoção do instituto da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica como um instrumento que garanta uma maior efetividade do Tribunal no exercício de suas funções. / This work has for objective to consider the adoption of the institute of the disregard of the legal entity for the International Criminal Court as form to increase the effectiveness of its cooperation requirements to the States. For this, the humanitarian interventions and the creation of international the criminal courts of Rwanda and of Former-Yugoslavia had been analyzed. This analysis concluded that the effectiveness lack has been the biggest problem faced for the actions directed to the international protection of the human rights. Under this aspect was studied the creation of the International Criminal Court, its structure, its norms of cooperation and pointed the lack of an institute that guaranties the effectiveness of its legal acts when these they depend on the cooperation with States. Through the study of the disregarding of the legal entity its compatibility with the International Law was perceived, in re1ation to the States under performance of the complementary jurisdiction of the Court. Being thus, its adoption is defended as a countermeasure taken in the context of the responsibility of a State before the International Criminal Court for an act of non-cooperation, when this will be characterized by fraud or abuse of power. Thus, it is affirmed possibility and the convenience of the adoption of the institute of the disregarding of legal entity as an instrument that guaranties a bigger effectiveness of the Court in the exercise of its functions.

Orientador: Renato José Pinto Ortiz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:20:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello_HivyDamasioAraujo_D.pdf: 4113556 bytes, checksum: e0523a0dca21cc0ce5765555cf59a50d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é o de, primeiramente, a partir de uma visada sociológica, analisar a importância do Banco Mundial enquanto organismo promotor de políticas e práticas transnacionais em educação. Com foco no setor educacional, examinarei tanto como esse organismo assumiu tal posição, sobretudo a partir da década de 1990, quanto, complementarmente, o modo como essa posição se manifesta na definição substancial de políticas, práticas e, sobretudo, valores educacionais. O Banco vincula a educação à economia, vendo aquela como fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico e combate à pobreza. Em segundo lugar, concentro-me na atuação do Banco Mundial no setor educacional brasileiro, pois, apesar da sua ambição de atuação planetária e do tratamento generalizante no nível do discurso, a importância que ele adquire em cada contexto nacional é variável. No caso do Brasil, um dos seus maiores clientes, a convergência de posições e crenças entre o Banco Mundial e o governo brasileiro no setor educacional ganha evidência, sobretudo a partir de meados da década de 1990, sinalizando o papel ativo de uma intelligentsia, um grupo de intelectuais, isto é, de policy makers a serem entendidos enquanto agentes responsáveis - e ao mesmo tempo consagrados - pela circulação e recepção de idéias do Banco no país / Abstract: The first goal of this thesis is to analyze, through a sociological approach, the growing importance of the World Bank as an institution that promotes transnational policies in education. More specifically, I shall examine both how the World Bank took such a position - from the 1990s on - and how this position manifested in the design of policies, practices and, educational values. The Bank usually links education to economy, and understands the former as the basis both for economic development and fighting poverty. Additionally, the thesis focuses in the World Bank actions in the Brazilian educational sector. Despite its ambition to act throughout the world and its generalizations in the discursive level, the importance the World Bank achieved in each context is variable. In the case of Brazil, one of its biggest clients, a convergence of positions and beliefs between the World Bank and the educational sector of the Brazilian government becomes evident from the midst of the 1990s. In this sense, I shall explore the active role of an intelligentsia, a group of intellectuals who acted as policy makers responsible and consecrated by the circulation and the reception of ideas of the World Bank in the country / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutora em Sociologia

Research consisting of two parts. The first part concerned the implementation of the Territorial Agenda 2020 and its relation with the economic oriented Agenda 2020 and Cohesion Policy. The second part concerned a more specific part of the implementation process, namely in structures of international cooperation in the Benelux. Using the theory of Europeanization (downloading, uploading, circular and horizontal) an analysis provided insights in the way the Netherlands and Flanders use the TA2020 and previous documents, as well as the VLANED group (a cooperation network of spatial planners from Flanders and the Netherlands) is using the TA2020 in their meetings.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Forests in developing countries have the potential to contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change, promote biodiversity and support the livelihoods of rural, local people. Approximately one-fourth of such forests are under the control of local communities, which primarily manage forests for subsistence and to meet their livelihood needs. The trend of bottom-up community control is increasing through the adoption of decentralization reforms over the last 40 years. In contrast, the United Nations has introduced the top-down program, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) for the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon and the sustainable management of forest in developing countries. REDD+ incentivizes forest-managing communities to sequester carbon and reduce emissions. REDD+ has created hope for managing forests to mitigate climate change and has created fear that the new initiative may not be effective and may not ensure continuing forest-managing community benefits. However, little research has been conducted to answer these concerns. By taking nationally representative data from Nepalese community-managed forests (“forest commons"), I bring insights into whether and how these forests can contribute to REDD+ initiatives, particularly as they relate to carbon sequestration, biodiversity, equity in benefit sharing and collective action. My results indicated the highly variable carbon and biodiversity in the forest plots across the country, depicting the availability of space for additional growth in carbon storage and biodiversity conservation. My results also reflect the complex and varied relationships of carbon with different indices of biodiversity at the national level, across geographic and topographic regions, and in forests with varying canopy covers. Weak positive relationships between carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation indicate the possibility of synergies between carbon-forestry and biodiversity conservation. I also found that the formal community forestry program (CFP) has clearly positive impacts on biodiversity conservation and household-level equity in benefit sharing and a negative impact on carbon sequestration at the national level. However, disaggregated results of impacts of CFP on biodiversity, carbon and equity across geography, topography, forest quality and social groups display mixed results i.e., either positive or negative or neutral. I also identified that different drivers of collective action have different (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) associations with carbon sequestration, which either supports or challenges established knowledge. In aggregate, my research indicates the potential of contribution by forest commons, and specially the CFP, to global environmental initiatives such as REDD+. It suggests that targeted, dedicated policies and programs to increase carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation and foster equity and collective actions are critical. In addition, my results also contribute to the growing literature on socio-ecological implications of forest commons that demonstrated the need of interdisciplinary research to understand human-nature relationships in the changing context.

The following treatise first frames the role of CBOs in responding to the HIV/Aids crisis in relation to their position in the global health governance system through a literature survey that moves from an analysis of the global structures down to the local. The survey covers the role of international organisations, international NGOs (INGOs), national governments, local NGOs and CBOs and outlines the context in which Masizakhe is working within the global health governance structure. Secondly the research design and methodology are outlined focusing on the longitudinal, case study and participant--‐observation approaches. Hypotheses, conceptualisation, definitions, key variables are described and data collection methods and fieldwork practice extrapolated upon. Following that data capturing, editing and analysis are discussed in conjunction with shortcomings and sources of error. In the fourth chapter the research discusses the history, structure and outlines the research findings by comparing what has changed within the organisation over time, presenting and discussing the results. The outcomes of this research have shown that existing problems in this particular CBO are very difficult to overcome without committed, sustained support from donors, government, community and the organisation’s members. CBOs are often hamstrung by a series of intersecting factors which hamper their ability to problem--‐solve, even when the route to overcoming the problem is clear, particularly when the capacity and will to do so is not always present from both within the organisation and from outside support systems. These challenges then impact on the overall quality of and ability to deliver the services the organisation is structured to deliver. The major challenge for the organisation remains the inconsistent donor cycle and resultant instability thus created within an organisation already working in a highly volatile, unstable situation marked by poverty and disease. Thus the title, The Aids of Aid?, captures the essence of Masizakhe’s struggle with its own syndrome of problems. It summarises a comment made by the project secretary said that: “Sometimes it feels like we are not only fighting for the health of our people – We are fighting for the health of our organisation. We are a sick organisation trying to help sick people. All we need is donors and funding –we can’t live without them, and when they don't give, we get sick” (Stamper, Pers Comm, 2011). The other emergent challenges were a battle internally with ‘founder syndrome’, lack of management transparency and a dysfunctional board.

In recent years, concern about food safety linked to health issues has seen a rise in private food safety standards in addition to the regulations set by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO). These have presented challenges to producers and exporters of agricultural food products especially the producers of fresh fruits and vegetables. In spite of the food safety-linked challenges from the demand side, the vast range of business-environment forces pose equally formidable challenges that negatively impact on the exporting industries’ ability to maintain or improve their market shares and their ability to compete in world markets. The objective of this study was therefore to establish the competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the international markets within this prevailing scenario. Due to the diversity of the definitions of competitiveness as a concept, this study formulated the following working definition: “the ability to create, deliver and maintain value and constant market share through strategic management of the industrial environment or competitiveness drivers”. This was based on the understanding that the international market shares of an industry are a function of forces in the business environment which range from intra-industry, external and national as well as the international elements. The unit of analysis were the citrus producers engaged in export of their products and the study made use of 151 responses by producers. The study adopted a five-step approach to the analysis of the performance of the South African citrus industry in the global markets, starting with the analysis of the Constant Market Share (CMS) of the South African citrus industry in various world markets, establishing the impact of the business environmental factors upon competitiveness, establishing the costs of compliance with private food safety standards, determining the non-price benefits of compliance with the standards, as well as highlighting the strategies for enhancing long-term competitiveness of the industry in the international markets. South Africa is one of the top three countries dominating the citrus fruit export market. Since its entry into the citrus fruit exports market in the 1900s, the industry has sustained its activity in the international market. The Constant Market Share Analysis shows that, amidst the challenges on the international market side, and the changes in the business environment, over much of which the industry has limited control and influence, the industry has maintained its competitive advantage in several markets. The CMS shows that South Africa’s lemons are competitive in America. Despite a negative trend, the South African grapefruit has been competitive in France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Oranges have been competitive in the Greece, Italy, Portugal, UK, Asian and Northern Europe markets. Competitiveness in these markets has been due to the inherent competitiveness of the industry. Competitiveness in such markets as the Middle East has been attributed to the relatively rapid growth of these markets. The South African citrus industry has similarly undergone many major processes of transformation. The business environmental factors influencing its performance have ranged reform to the challenges beyond the country’s borders. These factors directly and indirectly affect the performance of the industry in the export market. They have influenced the flow of fruits into different international destinations. Of major concern are the food safety and private standards. Challenges in traditional markets as well as opportunities presented by demand from newly emerging citrus consuming nations have seen a diversification in the marketing of the South African citrus. The intensity of competition in the global market is reflected by the fluctuations in the market shares in different markets as well as the increase and fluctuations of fruit rejection rates in some lucrative markets such as America. A combination of challenging national environmental forces and stringent demand conditions negatively impact on revenues especially from markets characterised by price competitiveness. This study identified cost of production, foreign market support systems, adaptability, worker skills, challenges of management in an international environment and government policies such as labour and trade policies as some of the most influential obstacles to competitiveness. Some of the most competiveness-enhancing factors were market availability, market size, market information, market growth and the availability of research institutions. However, compliance with private standards still poses a challenge to the exporters. The different performance levels of the industry in various markets prove the dissimilarity of the demand conditions in the global market. These are supported by the negative influence associated with the foreign market support regimes as well as the challenges associated with compliance with private food safety standards. While market availability, market growth, market information and size were identified as enhancing competitiveness, the fluctuations and inconsistencies in the competitiveness of the industry in different foreign markets require more than finding markets. Resource allocation by both the government and the industry may need to take into account the off-setting of the national challenges and support of farmers faced with distorted and unfair international playing fields. Otherwise, market availability is not a challenge for the industry save meeting the specifications therewith as well as price competitiveness which is unattainable for the South African citrus producers faced with high production costs. For the purposes of further study, it is recommended that account should be taken of all the products marketed by the industry (including processed products such as fruit juices) in order to have a whole picture of the competitiveness of the industry in the international market. This study also proffers a new theoretical framework for the analysis of the business environment for the citrus industry and other agro-businesses. This framework takes into account the indispensability of the food safety standards and measures as well as the diversity of the global consumer and the non-negotiability of food trade for the sustenance of the growing population.