Background: In 2009, the European Union (EU) adopted the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). This contributed to an already on-going change amongst the armed forces of the Union. No previous research has examined how the skills required of young officers in the EU are taught at the Basic Officer Education within either Sweden or Austria. Purpose: This thesis examines to what extent the skills needed of young officers in a CSDP-environment are taught during the Basic Officer Educations in Sweden and Austria. The purpose is to conclude if the Swedish and Austrian Basic Officer Educations are complying with the political wills of their respective countries, to adapt their armed forces to the EU and CSDP. Method: The author compares the Swedish and Austrian Basic Officer Education by examining curriculums and syllabuses, as well as conducting expert interviews with officials at the schools and comparing the results. The educations are examined based on how they educated the concept of CSDP and how interoperability and a European culture of defence are promoted. Conclusion: The results show that both Sweden and Austria educate their cadets in the CSDP and take measurements to promote interoperability and a European culture of defence. The results suggest that Austria does so to a further extent. Based on the results, the author suggests increased exchanges, Pooling &amp; Sharing during Basic Officer Education and further developments towards a common European Basic Officer Education. / <p>Erasmus</p>

傳統會計與決策管理系統受限於現行財務會計報導的架構，並未儲存與財務無關，或不能以金額衡量的資訊，無法對非財務性決策提供有效的幫助。而資訊語意的差異更使得傳統會計與決策管理系統不易與企業內其他資訊系統互通，造成系統整合上的困擾，歷來不斷有學者探討會計與決策管理系統資訊模式建立之方法，以增進會計與決策管理系統資訊模式的有用性。 本研究提出會計與決策管理系統資訊模式建立之框架與方法，強調會計與決策管理系統之建構，應與企業策略發展整體考量，同時導入REA model整合企業整體資訊模式與財會專業資訊模式，並採用UML作為系統發展流程之塑模工具，編製系統發展有關文件，以利後續選擇解決方案的映對程序，確認解決方案符合使用者需求，及增進會計與決策管理系統在企業內的整合性與互通性。 / Traditional accounting and decision management information system cannot support non-financial decision making, because there is only stored financial information without non-financial information due to the current financial accounting reporting structure. The information semantic differences block interoperability between accounting and decision management information system within the organization. And it also has caused the challenge of enterprise information integration. Researchers strive to find viable information modeling process or method to help accounting and decision management information system to be constructed. This thesis presents accounting and decision management information system information modeling framework and process. The framework stresses the construction of accounting and decision management information system must connect with enterprise vision and strategy. It also adopts and expands REA model to integrate accounting information model and enterprise information model at information modeling process. UML is a high-level modeling tool to develop system processes. The goal is to provide a standard method to develop system blueprints beyond tool-specific system solutions and to apply UML modeling documents to map different system solutions and make sure the solution fit with user requirements, and improve the integration and interoperability for accounting and decision management information system design and development.

在數位內容下載市場蓬勃發展的同時，非法傳輸的流量亦不惶多讓，是以DRM機制成為了著作權利人進入網路世界的絕佳後盾，以DRM提高複製的門檻，並據以實施其商業模式，故於各數位內容核心產業皆可見DRM應用之蹤跡，卻同時引發了究竟DRM是Digital “Rights” Management 亦或Digital “Restriction” Management的爭議。是天使？或是惡魔？便形成了人們對於DRM的不同觀感。 本研究係從技術、法律以及管理三個面向分別切入，由技術面看DRM保護著作物之極限何在，由法律面看相關科技保護措施之立法造成何種影響，合理使用的空間是否因DRM之實施而造成限縮，接著由管理面向看DRM在數位內容產業價值鏈中所扮演之角色及其與價值鏈上各端權力角力衝突之關係，最後由標準面看目前DRM相關標準的運作以及互通性標準的發展趨勢。並從個案研究觀察DRM在不同產業情境中的應用。 本研究認為，DRM技術本身是中性的，其關鍵在於商業設計運用。而在盜版問題無法完全根絕之情況下，以DRM作為因應之道將使得受限內容之經濟價值不若自由流通之內容，因為內容產業的發展關鍵在於「人氣」，而盜版永遠無法取代創意與使用者對於內容之需求。因此，既然無法防堵非法傳輸之現象，則不妨與之直接面對面進行作戰，權利人既掌握了關鍵的內容，則可以針對盜版的弱點提供更優質的服務。就我國目前數位內容產業發展之情境來看，現階段或許有採取DRM進行保護的必要性，以便在推動合法消費市場之際，平衡兼顧保護著作權人以及著作利用人之權益。然而，在虛擬世界中欲全面防堵非法散佈有其技術上之侷限性，消費者亦多半養成了免費取得之使用模式與心態，因此長期而言，或許應設法從創新的商業模式來扭轉此態勢。 / Though the use of digital rights management (DRM) has been controversial, it is still widely used in the digital world. Advocates think of DRM as an indispensable way to prevent unauthorized duplication and dissemination of copyrighted works while opponents often suggest that the term “rights” should be replaced by “restriction” to best describe how DRM works. This thesis aims to analyze the issues of DRM from three perspectives. First starting with the technical point of view to see how DRM works and found out that DRM technology does have its limitation for copyright protection. That’s the reason why treaties and legislations such as the WCT, WPPT, and DMCA are needed to build the last ditch in the war with piracy. However, the attempt backfired as companies other than rights holders used it as a way to prevent market competition. As the rights holders can effectively control the access of their work with DRM, there comes another dispute about the “Paracopyright” effect. Most important of all, the use of DRM divests the users of the rights they had in the analog world, such as simply lending a book to a friend. From the perspective of management, a cost benefit analysis indicates that the benefit of using DRM to prevent unauthorized duplication obviously overwhelms by its cost and risk. In the context where the content providers, service providers, and device manufacturers all attempt to dominate the whole value chain, DRM also became one of the most powerful instruments for that purpose. Closed ecosystems are built one after another especially in the online music industry in order to bundle the consumers with specific players and music services and thus caused the antitrust issue. The online music industry and the e-book industry were chosen as case studies in the fourth chapter of the thesis. Based on different industry context, DRM strategy and its impact would differ and therefore results in a variety of business models. For example, the consumers in the US are relatively more aware of the use of DRM and are more willing to pay for authorized content. In contrast, the awareness of DRM of consumers in Taiwan is much lower and the price they are willing to pay is also far lower than what the music labels can accept. As a result, the streaming model prevails over pay-per-download model in the online music market of Taiwan. And the feasibility and necessity of DRM also varies in different industries. Before the digitalization of books, authors already had libraries providing free copies as piracy do today, and the prevalence of scanning machines and copy machines makes it even harder to prevent illegal file sharing. Accordingly, there is far less reason to use DRM in the e-book industry than in the online music industry. DRM technology is neutral in itself, and the key point is how it is designed based on different business models. The defect of DRM is neither a technical nor a legal issue, but rather a business issue. As piracy can never be eradicated, coping it with DRM would only make the value of restricted contents much less than freely distributed contents. Popularity is what really matters in the content industry. DRM has its technical limit and causes so many legal issues accompanied with the cost and risk of maintaining such fragile systems. What rights holders have in hand are the creativity and the market’s need for new content, which could never be replaced by piracy. So why not fight it face to face? Digital content industry is considered one of the most promising industries in Taiwan. However, local consumers have entrenched mindset of “free” contents. In present context, DRM is somehow needed while promoting the growth of legal market, in order to provide sufficient incentive to enrich the society with more and more creativity, and fairly protect both the rights of content providers and content users. But in the long run, a more creative or even subversive business model should be the solution to meet the trend of digital convergence.

Ce mémoire présente les recherches et réflexions entourant la conception d’une application à base d’ontologie dédiée au e-recrutement dans le domaine des services de dotation de personnel en technologies de l’information à l’ère du Web Social. Cette application, nommée Combine, vise essentiellement à optimiser et enrichir la Communication Médiée par Ordinateur (CMO) des acteurs du domaine et utilise des concepts issus du paradigme technologique émergent qu’est le Web sémantique. Encore très peu discuté dans une perspective CMO, le présent mémoire se propose donc d’examiner les enjeux communicationnels relatifs à ce nouveau paradigme. Il présente ses principaux concepts, dont la notion d’ontologie qui implique la modélisation formelle de connaissances, et expose le cas de développement de Combine. Il décrit comment cette application fut développée, de l’analyse des besoins à l’évaluation du prototype par les utilisateurs ciblés, tout en révélant les préoccupations, les contraintes et les opportunités rencontrées en cours de route. Au terme de cet examen, le mémoire tend à évaluer de manière critique le potentiel de Combine à optimiser la CMO du domaine d’activité ciblé. Le mémoire dresse au final un portrait plutôt favorable quant à la perception positive des acteurs du domaine d’utiliser un tel type d’application, et aussi quant aux nets bénéfices en frais d’Interactions Humain-Ordinateur (IHO) qu’elle fait miroiter. Il avertit toutefois d’une certaine exacerbation du problème dit « d’engagement ontologique » à considérer lors de la construction d’ontologies modélisant des objets sociaux tels que ceux dont le monde du recrutement est peuplé. / This thesis presents the research and reflections on the development of an ontology based application dedicated to e-recruitment in the field of Information Technologies’ staffing services, and especially e-recruitment using Social Web platforms as sources for candidates. This application, called Combine, essentially aims to optimize and enhance the field recruiters’ Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and uses concepts from the emerging technological paradigm that the Semantic Web represents. Rarely discussed in a CMC perspective, this submission therefore proposes to study the communications issues related to this new paradigm. It presents the main concepts, as the notion of ontology, which involves the formal modeling of knowledge, and outlines the development case of Combine. It describes how the system was designed, from the requirements analysis to the prototype evaluation, revealing the concerns, the constraints and the opportunities met along the way. After this examination, the thesis stretches out to critically assess Combine’s potential to optimize the CMC in the targeted field of activity. In the end, the thesis conveys a rather favorable outcome concerning the positive perception of the field recruiters about using this type of application, and also concerning the promising benefits in Human-Computer Interactions (HCI). However, it mentions as well the exacerbation of the problem called "ontological commitment", which is to consider when building ontologies that model social objects such as those which the world of recruitment is made of.

Le maintien en condition opérationnelle des équipements industriels est un des enjeux importants de l'entreprise, et a fait passer la maintenance d'un centre de coût à un centre de profit, ce qui a eu pour conséquence une éclosion de logiciels d'aide à la maintenance allant de la GMAO aux plateformes de e-maintenance. Ces systèmes d'aide fournissent aux différents acteurs de la maintenance, un support à la décision et un ensemble de services permettant une gestion informatisée d'activités de base appartenant au processus de maintenance (exemple l'intervention, la planification, le diagnostic, etc.). Toutefois, les besoins des utilisateurs évoluent dans le temps en fonction de nouvelles contraintes, de leur expertise, des nouvelles connaissances. Par contre les services fournis n'évoluent pas et nécessitent une réactualisation. Afin de tenir compte de l'évolution de ces connaissances, pour que ces systèmes d'aide puissent répondre aux besoins des utilisateurs et puissent proposer des services à la demande et des services évolutifs nous avons fait le point dans cette thèse sur les avantages et limites des systèmes informatiques d'aide existants notamment les plateformes de e-maintenance (systèmes les plus avancés aujourd'hui en maintenance). Pour pallier le manque des systèmes existants, nous avons proposé le concept de s-maintenance qui est caractérisé principalement par les échanges collaboratifs entre applications et utilisateurs, par des connaissances communes du domaine de maintenance. Pour mettre en œuvre ce concept, nous avons proposé une plateforme orientée connaissances assurant des fonctionnalités auto-x (auto-traçabilité, auto-apprentissage, autogestion) qui permettent de répondre aux caractéristiques de la s-maintenance. L'architecture à base de composants de cette plateforme prend appui sur une base de connaissances partagée entre les différents composants qu'elle intègre au profit de l'interopérabilité sémantique ainsi que de la capitalisation des connaissances. Nous avons par ailleurs développé une ontologie du domaine de maintenance sur laquelle s'appuie cette base de connaissances. Finalement, afin de développer les fonctionnalités auto-x assurées par la plateforme nous avons proposé un système à base de traces exploitant la base de connaissances et l'ontologie associée / Operational condition maintenance of industrial equipment is a principal challenge for the firm production. This fact transfer the maintenance from the cost center to the profit center which has lead to massif development of maintenance support system starting from the GMAO to the e-maintenance platform. These systems provide to the maintenance agent, decision-support, and set of services allowing a computerized management of core activities for maintenance process. (e.g. intervention, planning, diagnostic,...). However, the user request continues evolving in time with respect of their expertise, their renewed knowledge and new constraints. On the other hand, the existing services are not following their requirements and they need to be updated. In this thesis, an overview on the advantage and drawback of existing computerized support system, in particular the e-maintenance platform (the most advanced maintenance system) is presented in order to meet the users needs and propose scalable and on-demand services. To overcome the existing system shortage, we propose the s-maintenance concept characterized by the collaborative exchange between users and applications and the common knowledge of the maintenance field. Thus, to implement this concept, a knowledge-oriented platform is proposed providing the auto-x functionalities (auto-traceability, auto-learning and auto-management) and meeting the s-maintenance characteristics. The architecture based on components of this platform, is also based on shared knowledge between integrated components for the benefit of the semantic interoperability as well as for the knowledge capitalization. Maintenance domain ontology is also developed on which the knowledge base is rested. Finally, in order to develop the auto-x functionalities, provided by the platform, a trace-based system is proposed by exploiting the knowledge base and the associated ontology.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis attempts to create a desire for change in DoD's current approach to Network Application Management (NAM). The evolution of NAM into Integrated Network Application Management (INAM) is a crucial component of Network Centric Warfare and achieving Information Superiority and Interoperability. INAM is outlined as three functional requirements, which are Network Awareness, Mission Prioritization linkage to Network Resources, and the Balancing of Service Management. Scenarios play a key role in illustrating the new threats that DoD faces today. These scenarios also identify limitations and challenges to NAM as it exists today. These challenges require significant improvements in flexibility and responsiveness, while providing for wide integration. Trends supporting change are identified in this thesis. Two of the more important trends are the rise of Architectural and Object Oriented Development. Examples such as Training and Testing Enabled Architecture (TENA), Surveillance and Target Acquisition Network (STAN), and Virtual Proving Ground (VPG) are clear examples of these trends. The merging of the Computer Industry's efforts to expand the reach of Operating Systems with the traditional efforts from Network Management is also a trend that is examined. Organizations like Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) are important to such examinations. Successful change can not be achieved without planning for the transition. This thesis also presents some active transition efforts addressing Network Centric Warfare. TENA, VPG and Naval Postgraduate School's Information Technology Management Master's Program provide three examples of addressing transition in DoD. / Civilian, United States Army Yuma Proving Ground

Esta pesquisa apresenta o desenvolvimento de método de busca e recuperação de informações em bases de dados especializadas para produção do conhecimento científico na área da Saúde, com ênfase na Saúde Baseada em Evidências. Recorremos, neste trabalho, a diferentes metodologias considerando as especificidades de cada etapa: pesquisa exploratória, método hipotético dedutivo e estudo de caso empírico qualitativo. Mobilizamos os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Ciência da Informação e da Saúde nos domínios da Organização e Recuperação da Informação e do Conhecimento, Web Semântica, Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Metodologia Científica, assim como realizamos dois experimentos: estudo de caso em Ortopedia e Traumatologia no sentido de identificar e estabelecer critérios para busca, recuperação, organização e seleção de informações de modo que possam integrar parte da metodologia de trabalhos científicos na área da Saúde; e análise dos tipos de busca e recuperação e dos mapeamentos entre Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOC) propostos no Metatesauro no escopo da Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) da US National Library of Medicine e no BioPortal da National Center for Biomedical Ontology, ambos na área biomédica. O UMLS disponibiliza acesso a 151 SOC, e o BioPortal, um conjunto de 302 ontologias. Apresentam-se propostas para construção de estratégias de busca com uso de Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento mapeados e interoperados, bem como para realização de pesquisas bibliográficas para elaboração de trabalhos científicos na área da Saúde. / This research presents the development of method for search and information retrieval in specialized databases aiming the production of scientific knowledge in healthcare, with emphasis on Evidence-Based Health. We have used, in this work, different techniques considering the specificities of each stage: exploratory research, hypothetical deductive method and qualitative empirical case study. It mobilizes the theoretical and methodological foundations in Information Science and Health, appling them to areas as knowledge organization and information retrieval, Semantic Web, Evidence-Based Health and Scientific Methodology. Two experiments were performed: a case study in Orthopedics and Traumatology in order to identify and establish criterions for search, retrieval, organization and selection of information, so that these criterions can integrate part of the methodology of scientific work in healthcare; and analysis of kinds of search and retrieval and mappings on Knowledge Organization Systems-KOS available in Metathesaurus, considering the scope of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), and in the BioPortal National Center for Biomedical Ontology, both in the biomedical field. The UMLS provides access to 151 KOS, and the BioPortal provides a set of 302 ontologies. We presented proposals for construction of search strategies by using Knowledge Organization System mapped and interoperate as well as for conducting literature searches for preparation of scientific papers in healthcare.

La communication Machine-to-Machine (M2M) est l'un des principaux fondements de l'Internet des Objets (IoT). C'est un phénomène qui a évolué discrètement au cours du temps et vient d’émerger à la surface pour do! nner naissance à une explosion de nouveaux usages et services. Capteurs, actionneurs, tags, véhicules et objets intelligents ont tous la possibilité de communiquer. Le nombre de connexions M2M est en constante augmentation et il est prévu de voir des milliards d’objets connectés dans un futur proche. Les applications M2M offrent des avantages dans divers domaines à savoir les villes intelligentes, les voitures connectées, les usines du futures, l’agriculture de précision, l’environnement, la santé, etc. La croissance rapide de cet écosystème est entrain de conduire le M2M vers un avenir prometteur. Cependant, les opportunités d'expansion des marchés M2M ne sont pas évidentes. En effet, un ensemble de challenges doivent être surmontés afin de permettre un déploiement à grande échelle dans des domaines diverses et variés à savoir les défis d’interopérabilité, de complexité et de scalabilité. Actuellement, le marché du M2M souffre d'une fragmentation verticale importante touchant la majorité des domaines industriels. En effet, diverses solutions propriétaires ont été conçues pour répondre à des applications spécifiques engendrant ainsi un sérieux problème d''interopérabilité. Pour adresser ce challenge, nous avons conçu, développer et expérimenté la plateforme OM2M offrant une architecture opérationnelle, flexible et extensible pour l'interopérabilité M2M conforme à la norme SmartM2M. Pour supporter les environnements contraints, nous avons proposé une nouvelle convention de nommage basée sur une structure de ressources non-hiérarchique permettant d’optimiser la taille des messages échangés. Pour assurer l’interopérabilité sémantique entre les applications et les machines, nous avons proposé l'ontologie IoT-O. Cette dernière est composée de cinq modèles de base représentant les capteurs, les actionneurs, les observations, les actuations et les web ! services pour permettre de converger rapidement vers un vocabulaire commun pour l'IoT. Une plateforme M2M horizontale permet d'interconnecter des machines hétérogènes largement distribués et qui évoluent fréquemment en fonction des changements de l’environnement. Maintenir ces systèmes complexes en vie est coûteux en termes de temps et d'argent. Pour adresser ce challenge, nous avons conçu, développé et intégré le framework FRAMESELF afin d'ajouter des capacités d'autogestion aux systèmes M2M basées sur le paradigme de l'informatique autonome. En étendant le modèle d'architecture de référence MAPE-K, notre solution permet d'adapter dynamiquement le comportement de la plateforme OM2M par en fonctions des changements du contexte et des politiques haut niveaux. Nous avons défini un ensemble de règles sémantiques pour faire du raisonnement sur l'ontologie IoT-O en tant que modèle de connaissance. Notre objectif est de permettre la découverte automatique entre les machines et les applications à travers un appariement sémantique et une reconfiguration dynam! ique de l'architecture des ressources. L’interopérabilité et l’autogestion ouvrent la voie à un déploiement de masse des systèmes M2M. Par contre, ces derniers se basent sur l'infrastructure actuelle d'internet qui n'a jamais été conçu pour ce genre de d'utilisation ce qui pose de nouvelles exigences en termes de scalabilité. Pour adresser ce challenge, nous avons conçu, simulé et validé l'approche OSCL proposant une nouvelle topologie de réseau maillé M2M comme alternative à l'approche centralisée actuelle. OSCL s'appuie sur les techniques de routage centrées sur l'information favorisant les communications à sauts multiples et un cache distribué pour une meilleure dissémination des données. Nous avons développé le simulateur OSCLsim pour valider l'approche proposée.[...] / Machine-to-Machine (M2M) is one of the main features of Internet of Things (IoT). It is a phenomenon that has been proceeding quietly in the background, and it is coming into the surface, where explosion of usage scenarios in businesses will happen. Sensors, actuators, tags, vehicles, and intelligent things all have the ability to communicate. The number of M2M connections is continuously increasing, and it has been predicted to see billions of machines interconnected in a near future. M2M applications provide advantages in various domains from smart cities, factories of the future, connected cars, home automation, e-health to precision agriculture. This fast-growing ecosystem is leading M2M towards a promising future. However, M2M market expansion opportunities are not straightforward. A set of challenges should be overcome to enable M2M mass-scale deployment across various industries including interoperability, complexity, and scalability issues. Currently, the M2M market is suffering from a high vertical fragmentation affecting the majority of business sectors. In fact, various vendor-specific M2M solutions have been designed independently for specific applications, which led to serious interoperability issues. To address this challenge, we designed, implemented, and experimented with the OM2M platform offering a flexible and extensible operational architecture for M2M interoperability compliant with the SmartM2M standard. To support constrained environments, we proposed an efficient naming convention relying on a non-hierarchical resource structure to reduce the payload size. To reduce the semantic gap between applications and machines, we proposed the IoT-O ontology for an effective semantic interoperability. IoT-O consists of five main parts, which are sensor, actuator, observation, actuation and service models and aims to quickly converge to a common IoT vocabulary. An interoperable M2M service platform enables one to interconnect heterogeneous devices that are widely distributed and frequently evolving according to their environment changes. Keeping M2M systems alive is costly in terms of time and money. To address this challenge, we designed, implemented, and integrated the FRAMESELF framework to retrofit self-management capabilities in M2M systems based on the autonomic computing paradigm. Extending the MAPE-K reference architecture model, FRAMESELF enables one to dynamically adapt the OM2M system behavior according to high level policies how the environment changes. We defined a set of semantic rules for reasoning about the IoT-O ontology as a knowledge model. Our goal is to enable automatic discovery of machines and applications through dynamic reconfiguration of resource architectures. Interoperability and self-management pave the way to mass-scale deployment of M2M devices. However, current M2M systems rely on current internet infrastructure, which was never designed to address such requirements, thus raising new requirements in term of scalability. To address this challenge, we designed, simulated and validated the OSCL overlay approach, a new M2M meshed network topology as an alternative to the current centralized approach. OSCL relies on the Named Data Networking (NDN) technique and supports multi-hop communication and distributed caching 5 to optimize networking and enhance data dissemination. We developed the OSCLsim simulator to validate the proposed approach. Finally, a theoretical model based on random graphs is formulated to describe the evolution and robustness of the proposed system.

Esta pesquisa apresenta o desenvolvimento de método de busca e recuperação de informações em bases de dados especializadas para produção do conhecimento científico na área da Saúde, com ênfase na Saúde Baseada em Evidências. Recorremos, neste trabalho, a diferentes metodologias considerando as especificidades de cada etapa: pesquisa exploratória, método hipotético dedutivo e estudo de caso empírico qualitativo. Mobilizamos os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Ciência da Informação e da Saúde nos domínios da Organização e Recuperação da Informação e do Conhecimento, Web Semântica, Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Metodologia Científica, assim como realizamos dois experimentos: estudo de caso em Ortopedia e Traumatologia no sentido de identificar e estabelecer critérios para busca, recuperação, organização e seleção de informações de modo que possam integrar parte da metodologia de trabalhos científicos na área da Saúde; e análise dos tipos de busca e recuperação e dos mapeamentos entre Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOC) propostos no Metatesauro no escopo da Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) da US National Library of Medicine e no BioPortal da National Center for Biomedical Ontology, ambos na área biomédica. O UMLS disponibiliza acesso a 151 SOC, e o BioPortal, um conjunto de 302 ontologias. Apresentam-se propostas para construção de estratégias de busca com uso de Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento mapeados e interoperados, bem como para realização de pesquisas bibliográficas para elaboração de trabalhos científicos na área da Saúde. / This research presents the development of method for search and information retrieval in specialized databases aiming the production of scientific knowledge in healthcare, with emphasis on Evidence-Based Health. We have used, in this work, different techniques considering the specificities of each stage: exploratory research, hypothetical deductive method and qualitative empirical case study. It mobilizes the theoretical and methodological foundations in Information Science and Health, appling them to areas as knowledge organization and information retrieval, Semantic Web, Evidence-Based Health and Scientific Methodology. Two experiments were performed: a case study in Orthopedics and Traumatology in order to identify and establish criterions for search, retrieval, organization and selection of information, so that these criterions can integrate part of the methodology of scientific work in healthcare; and analysis of kinds of search and retrieval and mappings on Knowledge Organization Systems-KOS available in Metathesaurus, considering the scope of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), and in the BioPortal National Center for Biomedical Ontology, both in the biomedical field. The UMLS provides access to 151 KOS, and the BioPortal provides a set of 302 ontologies. We presented proposals for construction of search strategies by using Knowledge Organization System mapped and interoperate as well as for conducting literature searches for preparation of scientific papers in healthcare.

La gestion électronique des données médicales consiste autant dans le simple traitement automatisé des données personnelles que dans le partage et l'échange de données relatives à la santé. Son encadrement juridique est assuré, à la fois, par les règles communes au traitement automatisé de toutes les données personnelles et par celles spécifiques au traitement des données médicales. Cette gestion, même si elle constitue une source d'économie, engendre des problèmes de protection de la vie privée auxquels le gouvernement français tente de faire face en créant l'un des meilleurs cadres juridiques au monde, en la matière. Mais, de grands chantiers comme celui du dossier médical personnel attendent toujours d'être réalisés et le droit de la santé se voit devancer et entraîner par les progrès technologiques. Le développement de la télésanté bouleverse les relations au sein du colloque singulier entre le soignant et le soigné. L'extension des droits des patients, le partage de responsabilité, l'augmentation du nombre d'intervenants, le secret médical partagé constituent de nouveaux enjeux avec lesquels il faut, désormais compter. Une autre question cruciale est celle posée par le manque d'harmonisation des législations augmentant les risques en cas de partage transfrontalier de données médicales / The electronic management of medical data is as much in the simple automated processing of personal data in the sharing and exchange of health data . Its legal framework is provided both by the common rules to the automated processing of all personal data and those specific to the processing of medical data . This management , even if it is a source of economy, creates protection issues of privacy which the French government tries to cope by creating one of the best legal framework in the world in this field. However , major projects such as the personal health record still waiting to be made and the right to health is seen ahead and lead by technological advances . The development of e-health disrupts relationships within one dialogue between the caregiver and the patient . The extension of the rights of patients , sharing responsibility , increasing the number of players , the shared medical confidentiality pose new challenges with which we must now count. Another crucial question is posed by the lack of harmonization of legislation increasing the risks in cross-border sharing of medical