Os três artigos desta tese tratam especificamente de grupos empresariais e sua interação com valor, fatores institucionais e planejamento tributário. O primeiro trata do efeito da formação de grupos empresariais no valor de mercado das empresas, que, apesar do avanço na literatura sobre o tema, a falta de consenso quanto ao seu efeito o torna contemporâneo e sua resposta necessária. Os autores assumem que as estratégias empresariais variam entre setores e são influenciadas por fatores do ambiente institucional em que elas estão inseridas, para então avançar as estratégias metodológicas adotadas até então pela literatura; os resultados obtidos através do Propensity Score Matching (PSM), ferramenta capaz de avaliar a relação causal entre a formação de grupos empresariais e valor de mercado, sugerem que o efeito da formação de grupos empresariais no valor de mercado das empresas, em linha com o entendimento prévio de diferentes em estratégias para diferentes setores, varia entre os setores, e as empresas do setor de serviços apresentam valores mercado menores quando decidem pela constituição de grupos empresariais. Sob a influência desta descoberta, o segundo artigo buscou os motivos que levariam essas empresas a se organizar em grupos empresariais, visto que esta obviamente não é uma decisão econômica de maximização de valor. Utilizando-se da teoria institucional, o segundo artigo se propôs a avaliar se essa é uma decisão influenciada por fatores institucionais, visto que a teoria institucional afirma que o ambiente institucional ao qual as empresas estão submetidas pode influenciar no desenvolvimento de estrutura formais em uma organização, em alguns casos mais profundamente que as pressões de mercado ou econômicas. Os resultados suportam a hipótese de que fatores institucionais presentes no ambiente empresarial, quando combinados, direcionam as decisões das empresas em se organizarem em grupos empresariais, mesmo que essa decisão resulte em menor valor de mercado. Os resultados anteriores foram decisivos para o desenvolvimento do terceiro artigo. Neste artigo, a formação de grupos empresariais foi considerada como uma estratégia de planejamento tributário capaz de reduzir custos tributários, mas não de agregar valor ao acionista. Os resultados apresentados neste artigo indicam que: i) em conformidade com pesquisas anteriores, as empresas se organizam em grupos empresariais em resposta a incentivos fiscais; e ii) essa decisão, por ser uma prática institucionalizada, não é capaz de gerar valor superior às que optaram por outra forma de organização. A estratégia metodológica adotada neste artigo abre uma infinidade de oportunidades para novas pesquisas de causa e efeito na área contábil, como o gerenciamento de resultados e problemas de agência. A combinação dos três artigos nos permite concluir que o planejamento tributário deve ser entendido como parte do processo de decisão e não um ato isolado, cujo único objetivo é o de minimizar o custo tributário das empresas; desta forma, seus resultados devem ser avaliados além das guias de recolhimento dos tributos. Os resultados apresentados nos três artigos são estatisticamente significativos, e os testes de robustez aplicados confirmam que as estratégias adotadas nos artigos foram adequadas. / The three papers in this thesis deal specifically with business groups and their interaction with value, institutional factors and tax planning. The first one deals with the effect of the decision on the formation of business groups in the market value of companies; despite the advances in the literature on the subject, the lack of consensus as to its effect makes it contemporary and its response necessary. The authors assume that business strategies vary between sectors and are influenced by factors of the institutional environment in which they are inserted to advance the methodological strategies that have been adopted in the literature; the results obtained through Propensity Score Matching (PSM), a tool capable of evaluating the causal relationship between the decision to form business groups and market value, suggest that the effect of forming business groups on the value of companies, in line with the previous understanding of different strategies in different sectors, varies between sectors and companies in the service sector have lower market values when deciding to set up business groups. Under the influence of this finding, the second paper sought the reasons that would lead these companies to be organized into business groups, since it obviously was not an economic decision to maximize value. Using the institutional theory, the second article proposed to evaluate if this is a decision influenced by institutional factors, since the theory affirms that the institutional environment to which the companies are submitted can influence the development of the formal structure in an organization, in some cases more deeply than market or economic pressures. The results confirm the hypothesis that institutional factors present in the business environment, when combined, direct the decisions of companies to organize themselves into business groups even if this decision results in lower market value. The previous results were decisive for the development of the third paper. In this paper, the formation of business groups was considered as a tax planning strategy capable of reducing tax costs, but not of adding value to the shareholder. The results presented in this article indicate that: i) according to previous research, companies organize themselves into business groups in response to fiscal incentives; and ii) this decision, being an institutionalized practice, is not capable of generating value higher than opted for another form of organization. The methodological strategy adopted in this article opens up a plethora of opportunities for new cause and effect research in accounting, such as results management and agency problems. The combination of the three papers allows us to conclude that tax planning should be understood as part of the decision process and not an isolated act, whose only objective is to minimize the tax cost of the companies; in this way, their results must be evaluated in addition to the guides of collection of taxes. The results presented in the three papers are statistically significant and the robustness tests applied confirm that the strategies adopted in the papers were adequate.

This thesis calculates the value of statistical life (VSL) in the Czech Republic based on estimation of fatal risk computed across occupation within industries. Using the regression analysis, I estimate the impact of the fatal risk on wage. From this I calculate the VSL using the hedonic wage model. I use randomized wage data sample with 150 000 observations from the year 2013 combined with injury data from the years 2013-2015. Based on this data I estimated the VSL to be in a range between 6 965 277CZK (260 092EURO) and 37 355 674CZK (1. 394mil.EURO) based on statistically significant estimates of fatal risk. Furthermore, I estimate my model of fatal risk calculated across industries to compare the impact of the level of risk in the computation. This regression indicates that estimates based on risk in industries are overestimated. My results show that the method of risk computation is a key factor affecting the VSL.

The purpose of the diploma thesis is to determine the market value of the Fruko-Schulz s.r.o. company, developed for the needs of its important stakeholder to the date of December 31, 2014. The thesis is divided into two main parts: the theoretical-methodological part defining the terminology, approaches and methods from the field of business valuation study, and the practical part using the theoretical basis for the actual valuation. After the initial introduction of the company, the strategic and financial analysis is performed, i.e. the current state is described and especially the prospects of the company on the market are discovered. The following compilation of the financial plan and value generators eventually results in the target determination of the market value of Fruko-Schulz s.r.o. company performed in particular through the DCF method.

The aim of the master thesis is to assess market value of equity of SAZKA a.s. company as at January 1, 2015. There are used three various methods for the valuation because each of them stresses different aspects of valuation theory. There is used DCF equity method, comparable company analysis and liquidation value method. The thesis is divided into six parts. The first two parts summarize general information about valuation concept and company SAZKA a.s. Then follows a strategic analysis, a financial analysis, a prognosis of main economic measures and a financial plan. In the last chapter is carried out the valuation of equity of SAZKA a.s. company.

The aim of this thesis is to find a suitable approach for valuation of Czech football clubs and application of this approach for valuation of FC SLOVAN LIBEREC. The thesis examines specifics of football business and its effects on valuation. The market value of FC SLOVAN LIBEREC is determined as of 31. 12. 2015, based on strategic and financial analysis of the club.

The graduation thesis is focused on the determination of the market value of the company. The theoretic part describes the methodology procedure - strategic analysis,financial analysis, financial plan and pricing methods (DCF).The practical part presents the application of methods. The goal is the setting of the market value.

The first important aim of this thesis is to give the reader information about the real estate evaluation theory, which means definition of the basic terms and methods, above all in market evaluation. The second important aim is to appraise the apartment in the practical part of this thesis. It means not only choice and application of appropriate evaluation method, but also elaboration of thorough real estate market analysis. Subject of evaluation is the 2 + 1 apartment in Pardubice.I applied the methods of market comparison and revenue methods.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to estimate the market value of a Czech software and consulting company as of 1. 1. 2011. The thesis comprises financial analysis, strategic analysis, value generators analysis and forecast, financial plan and the final valuation based on discounted cash flow method (DCF), supported by market approach method (industry multiples).

Aim of this Diploma's thesis is valuation of the company Slovnaft Česká republika, spol. s r. o. Outcome of this work is estimation of the company's equity market value as of 31.12.2014. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes theoretical background, techniques and procedures of valuation, such as strategic analysis, financial analysis, generators of value creation and discount rate. In practical part are these techniques and procedures applied to company Slovnaft Česká republika, spol. s r. o. DCF equity method served as essential method of valuation, market multipliers and accounting method are used as complementary. The conclusion includes summary of the most essential knowledge and valuation of the company's equity market value.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to estimate the market value of the company Racio Ltd. as of the date 07/01/2014. Market value represents the amount of money, which is an average market customer willing to pay. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part deals with the definition of related basic terms, describes the process of business valuation including used formulas and methods. The second part is practical; business valuation theoretical framework is applied to specific company -- Racio, s.r.o. Starting point of business valuation process is strategic analysis; the outcome is prediction of company sales forecast. The following financial analysis evaluates the financial health of the company. On those two analyses, generators values (which enable drawing up of financial plan) are designed. The final section focuses directly on valuation of the company Racio Ltd. using DCF APV method.