Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Zoology, 2005. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-108).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:50:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mori_nt_me_botfca.pdf: 988090 bytes, checksum: 61ea693b25f67c44cb9358042b0c2f9c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos, sinonímia Tabebuia heptaphylla ( Vell.) Toledo, popularmente conhecida por ipê-roxo, é uma espécie pertencente a família Bignoneaceae, muito apreciada pela sua beleza, madeira de excelente qualidade, além de algumas espécies dessa família possuírem substâncias as quais são usadas como produtos medicinais. A espécie é polinizada por abelhas, pássaros e outros visitantes que podem se alimentar das flores e dos frutos. Atualmente é utilizada em programas de reflorestamento de áreas degradadas, paisagismo e restauração. Ocorre em grande parte do Brasil, desde o Estado da Bahia até o Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Santa Catarina e São Paulo, compreendendo as latitudes de 13ºS (BA) a 30ºS (RS). O trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a variabilidade genética entre e dentro das subpopulações de H. heptaphyllus, por meio de marcadores microssatélites e conhecer sobre o seu sistema reprodutivo. Para tanto, foram colhidas sementes de 30 árvores, na região de Botucatu, S.P., sendo grande parte na Fazenda Experimental Lageado pertencente a UNESP - Campus de Botucatu. As sementes foram semeadas no viveiro da UNESP e as folhas das mudas produzidas foram coletadas para a extração de DNA e posteriormente analisadas em géis de poliacrilamida. No total, foram estudados oito locos microssatélites polimórficos, que apresentaram desde seis alelos por loco (loco TAU22) a 14 alelos (locos TAU12, TAU30 e TAU31). A média de heterozigosidade esperada ( e H ˆ ) para as seis subpopulações foi de 0,732, sendo que a heterozigosidade observada ( o H ˆ ) foi de 0,618. Os índices médios de fixação variaram de -0,082 (subpopulação 4) a 0,255 (subpopulação 3), com média de 0,152. Os resultados das subpopulações estudadas mostraram os índices de fixação em níveis aceitáveis, com média de 15,2%, no entanto... / Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos, sinonímia Tabebuia heptaphylla (Velloso) Toledo, known as ipê-roxo, belongs to the Family Bignoniaceae. It is a very important Brazilian forest tree species because of its beautiful flowers, excellent wood quality, and medicinal properties. Its flowers are usually visited by animals, like bees, birds, bats, etc, for feeding and for pollination purposes. The species has also been used in programs of reforestation of degraded areas, landscaping, and restoration. The ipê-roxo is widespread throughout Brazil, from Bahia State to Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo States, from 13ºS (BA) to 30ºS (RS) latitudes. The research has as objectives to study the genetic diversity within and between subpopulations of H. heptaphyllus by microsatellite molecular markers and to understand its mating system. We collected seeds of 30 trees, through the Botucatu region, Brazil, mostly from the Lageado Experimental Station, São Paulo State University (UNESP) – Botucatu. The seeds were sown in a nursery and the leaves were collected, to extract the DNA, and analyzed through polyacrilamide gels. In a total of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were analyzed that varied from six alleles (TAU22 locus) to 14 alleles (TAU12, TAU30, and TAU31 loci). The expected heterozygosity mean ( e H ˆ ) for the six subpopulations was 0.7318, the observed heterozygosity mean ( o H ˆ ) was 0.6183, and the average of fixation index (f) between pairs of the six population varied from -0,082 (subpopulation 4) to 0.255 (subpopulation 3), with an average of 0.152. The results of the studied subpopulations have shown acceptable levels of fixation index, presenting an average of 15.2%, therefore, the subpopulation 4 has shown a higher amount of heterozygous than expected. The total genetic diversity ( IT fˆ ) for the six subpopulations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O pinhão manso é uma pequena árvore tropical que adquiriu importância econômica pelo conteúdo de óleo em suas sementes e pela possibilidade de sua utilização para produção de biocombustível. As sementes e o óleo do pinhão manso são tóxicos devido principalmente à presença de ésteres de forbol, o que dificulta a sua utilização direta para o consumo humano e também dos resíduos para a alimentação animal. A falta de programas de melhoramento e cultivares comerciais e problemas com pragas e doenças estão desestimulando o cultivo do pinhão manso pelo mundo. Por se tratar de uma espécie semi-domesticada, a utilização de marcadores moleculares como ITS, PCR-RFLP, microssatélites e TRAP poderia auxiliar nos estudos de diversidade genética, visando o desenvolvimento de variedades adaptadas às necessidades dos agricultores. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a variabilidade genética de acessos de pinhão manso depositados no Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, além de possibilitar estudos sobre as relações entre as populações, centros de diversidade e determinar o sistema reprodutivo da espécie. Os resultados são discutidos destacando que a maior parte da diversidade encontra-se entre as populações estudadas. Os resultados derivados dos quatro marcadores utilizados corroboram que o centro de diversidade da espécie possivelmente está na América, com destaque para o México, Brasil e Colômbia. Os resultados apontam também para a diferenciação genética dos acessos atóxicos dos mexicanos quando comparados com os demais acessos tóxicos de pinhão manso. Os marcadores microssatélites desenvolvidos indicam que o pinhão manso apresenta um sistema misto de reprodução, combinando autofecundações, apomixia e cruzamento entre indivíduos aparentados, o que pode explicar a menor diversidade genética encontrada dentro das populações. Devido ao sistema misto de reprodução e aos acasalamentos correlacionados, a coleta de sementes de polinização aberta para fins de melhoramento ou conservação deve ser conduzida em um número de árvores acima de 100, visando garantir uma amostra estruturada / Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a tropical tree that has acquired economic importance for the content of oil in its seeds and the possibility of its use for biofuel production. However, oil seeds and physic nut are toxic because of the presence of secondary metabolites such as phorbol esters which makes its use directly for human consumption and also its waste for animal feed difficult. The lack of commercial varieties and problems with pests and diseases are making physic nut cultivation in the world unattractive. The use of molecular markers such as ITS, PCR-RFLP, microsatellites and TRAP can help in studies of genetic diversity, aimed at developing varieties adapted to farmers needs. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of physic nut accessions deposited in the Germplasm Bank of the \'Universidade Federal de São Carlos\', in addition to allowing studies on the relationship among accessions, centers of diversity and reproductive system. Results are discussed highlighting that most diversity is concentrated among populations. The four markers used indicated that the center of diversity of this species is probably in America with emphasis on Mexico, Brazil and Colombia. The microsatellite markers indicate that physic nut has a mixed system of reproduction, combining self-pollinations, apomixis and crossing between related individuals which may explain the small genetic diversity found within populations. Due to the mixed system of reproduction and correlated mating, the collection of open-pollinated seeds for plant breeding or conservation should be conducted in a number of trees above 100 in order to ensure a structured sample

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_wdz_dr_jabo.pdf: 1071597 bytes, checksum: d61e6ffa60481492021ac9df6eda129f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Ovinos machos isentos de Toxoplasma gondii, foram distribuídos em três grupos sendo, G1: um ovino inoculado, pela via oral, com 2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P, G2: um ovino infectado, pela via subcutânea, com 1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH e G3: um ovino não infectado mantido como controle. Após a inoculação dos machos com T. gondii, 12 ovelhas reprodutoras, não gestantes, sorologicamente negativas para doenças reprodutivas, sobretudo toxoplasmose, foram sincronizadas e em seguida expostas à monta natural pelos machos, anteriormente inoculados, sendo: cinco ovelhas submetidas à monta natural pelo macho do G1; cinco ovelhas expostas à monta natural pelo macho do G2 e duas ovelhas pelo macho pertencente ao grupo controle. Nos soros das ovelhas obtidos nos dias -30, -14, -7, -1, zero (antes da monta natural) e nos dias 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 e semanalmente até o parto, foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii pela RIFI. Bioensaio em camundongos e PCR foram realizados em amostras de sêmen e tecidos dos machos, tecidos das fêmeas e de seus respectivos filhotes. Cinco das 12 fêmeas utilizadas apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra T. gondii após a monta natural, sendo duas pelo macho inoculado com oocistos (G1) e três pelo ovino infectado com taquizoítos (G2). Pelo bioensaio foi possível diagnosticar, no dia da monta natural, a presença do T. gondii em amostras seminais dos ovinos infectados (G1 e G2) e em amostras do “pool” de tecidos das cinco fêmeas e em cinco de seus respectivos filhotes. Foi possível, ainda, pela técnica da PCR isolar o DNA de T. gondii em amostras seminais dos machos reprodutores no dia do coito, e no “pool” de tecidos de uma e duas fêmeas expostas à monta natural por reprodutores infectados com oocistos e taquizoítos, respectivamente. É importante relatar que, por meio desta técnica foi possível diagnosticar... / Male sheep in reproductive age and with no prior Toxoplasma gondii disease, were divided into three groups: G1, a sheep inoculated with 2.0 x 105 of P strain oocysts; G2, a sheep infected with 1.0 x 106 of RH strain tachyzoites and; G3 a control uninfected sheep. After inoculation of males with T. gondii, 12 breeding ewes, not pregnant, serologically negative for reproductive diseases, particularly toxoplasmosis, were synchronized and then exposed to natural mating by those males, previously inoculated, being: five ewes submitted to natural mating by male G1, five ewes exposed to natural mating by the male of G2 and two ewes submitted to natural mating by the male control from group. In sera obtained from all ewes on days -30, -14, -7, -1, zero (before natural mating) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and weekly until partum, was investigated the presence of antibodies against T. gondii by IFAT. Bioassay and PCR were performed on samples of semen and tissues of males/females tissues and their offspring. Five of the 12 females submitted to natural mating, had antibodies anti-T. gondii, being, two by male inoculated with oocysts (G1) and three for sheep infected with tachyzoites (G2). For the bioassay was possible to diagnose on the day of natural mating, the presence of T. gondii in semen samples from infected sheep (G1 and G2) and in samples of pool of tissues from five females and five of their puppies. It was also possible by PCR to isolate the DNA of T. gondii in semen samples of rams on sexual intercourse, and the pool of tissues of one and two females exposed to breeding by natural mating infected with tachyzoites and oocysts, respectively. It is important to report that through this technique it was possible to diagnose the presence of this parasite also in the pool of tissue from the offspring of a female submitted to the natural breeding sheep infected with oocysts. From the results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Nonverbal communication in leadership is a phenomenon which is interesting to get a greater understanding of. Animals only communicate nonverbally and have strong leadership behaviours. Therefore, this study aim is to find out in what way nonverbal communication in leaders is still connected to animal roots and what the implications for modern life are. This study tries to give an overview of the phenomenon with a theoretical approach. Different point of views of nonverbal communication and animal behaviour in leaders have been discussed. A theoretical approach was suitable because of the abundance of literature in the main fields of focus. Connecting the different studies with each other gave valuable insights into the phenomenon. Power, status, submission, territory, space, and mating behaviours are the most used categories associated with leadership behaviours in animal species. Human leadership behaviour consists of the same categories but furthermore, emotional intelligence is an integral part as well. Different postures, gestures, facial expressions as well as distances to each other gave a comprehensive overview of how leaders are naturally behaving. Deciphering the complex nonverbal communication and looking at them with aspects of communication in animals helped with showing the roots and the natural ability to lead. Further research, however, should be conducted to see how nonverbal communication influences complex group dynamics and the effect thereof. Implications for the natural instincts to lead are helpful with how leaders can further their communication skills and become more conscious of their nonverbal communication.

Orientador: Antonio Leão Castilho / Resumo: This is the first study to evaluate in broad spatiotemporal scales the growth parameters and population structure of Rimapenaeus constrictus, a barely damaged species composing the bycatch from shrimp fishing in the Western Atlantic. The abundance and size-class frequency distribution, growth, longevity and sex ratio were evaluated from monthly samples obtained in the northern littoral of São Paulo state from Jan/1998 to Jun/2003. We measured 5,812 individuals in which the sex ratio was skewed toward females; this was more evident in size classes greater than 10 mm in CL (carapace length) (binomial test, p<0.05). We selected 16 growth cohorts of females, and 8 of males, the majority consisting of younger individual cohorts excluded from the fisheries closure period. Growth estimates resulted in a CL∞ of 17.42 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.008 and a longevity of 579 days (1.60 year) for females, as well as a CL∞ of 16.3 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.01 and a longevity of 425 days (1.17 year) for males. Our results provide information of incontestable relevance to our knowledge of fishing management. We therefore strongly recommend that the fisheries closure period be changed to protect this species’ recruitment period and consequently its adult individuals. The reproduction and recruitment were analyzed in order to determine the size at the onset of sexual maturity, the reproductive and recruitment patterns and the copulation period. In our study, 6,456 shrimps were captured a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Due to their phylogenetic position as an outgroup to humans and the other African apes, empirical data from orangutans are an especially valuable comparative tool with which questions about the evolution of human life history and reproductive characteristics can be addressed. Yet few such data are available. In this dissertation, I use endocrinological and behavioral data from 7 female and 3 male orangutans housed at the Woodland Park Zoo in Washington and the Great Ape Trust in Iowa to characterize the ovarian function and reproductive behaviors of captive female orangutans at different points in the life cycle. Ovarian hormone measurements were achieved through the use of non-invasive urine sampling, and assays reveal both intra- and inter-individual variation in hormone production. Results indicate that (1) adolescent females in captivity do not experience a marked period of subfecund estrogen and progesterone levels in association with reproductive maturation, (2) individual females exhibit both "high quality" and "low quality" cycles, including instances of anovulation, in the absence of fluctuating dietary and environmental conditions, (3) mating behaviors vary between individuals and with cycle phase, but are not strongly influenced by absolute ovarian hormone concentrations, and (4) reproductive senescence does not significantly impact the ovarian function and mating behaviors of aging female orangutans. These results demonstrate that many aspects of human reproductive biology and behavior, such as an extended period of mating receptivity, are evolutionarily conserved. They suggest, however, that the decline in human ovarian function in mid-life may be derived and of possible adaptive significance. The potential significance of differences between captive and wild ape populations, and the character, history, and familial relationships of the particular individuals discussed are considered in the interpretation of all data.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santana_lf_dr_jabo.pdf: 959437 bytes, checksum: 45656ed9790dd5d6704a96f61bd9642d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Caprinos machos em idade reprodutiva, sorologicamente negativos para Toxoplasma gondii, foram selecionados e distribuídos como apresentado a seguir: A - um caprino inoculado, via oral, com 2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P; B - um caprino inoculado, via subcutânea, com 1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH e C - um caprino não inoculado mantido como controle. Após a inoculação dos machos com T. gondii, 12 cabras reprodutoras, não gestantes, sorologicamente negativas para as principais doenças reprodutivas, sobretudo toxoplasmose, foram sincronizadas. Em seguida, foram expostas à monta natural pelos machos, anteriormente inoculados: cinco cabras submetidas à monta natural pelo macho A (GI); cinco cabras submetidas à monta natural pelo macho B (GII) e duas cabras pelo macho C – controle (GIII). Nos soros das cabras obtidos nos dias -14, -7, -1 (antes da monta natural), e nos dias 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 e semanalmente até o parto, foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii pelo ELISA teste. Bioensaio em camundongos e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) foram realizados em amostras de sêmen e tecidos dos machos, tecidos das fêmeas e de seus respectivos “produtos”. Dez das 12 fêmeas utilizadas apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra T. gondii após a monta natural, sendo as cinco cobertas pelo macho inoculado com oocistos (GI) e cinco cobertas pelo caprino inoculado com taquizoítos (GII). Pelo bioensaio e pela PCR foi possível identificar, em várias datas experimentais em que ocorreu a monta natural, a presença do T. gondii nas amostras seminais dos caprinos inoculados. Posteriormente, após eutanásia, foi possível também isolar este parasito em algumas das amostras teciduais dos machos experimentais. Por estas mesmas técnicas de diagnóstico, identificou-se também a presença deste coccídio nas amostras teciduais das fêmeas experimentais, assim como de seus... / Male goats in reproductive age, serologically negative for Toxoplasma gondii, were selected and distributed according to the following arrangement: A - one goat inoculated orally with 2.0 x 105 oocysts of the strain P; B - one goat inoculated subcutaneously with 1.0 x 106 tachyzoites of the strain RH and C - one uninfected goat kept as control. After T. gondii inoculation, 12 nonpregnant female breeder goats serologically negative for the main reproductive diseases, especially toxoplasmosis, were synchronized and then exposed to natural mating by those males previously inoculated, being: five females submitted to natural mating by the male A (GI), five females exposed to natural mating by the male B (GII) and two females submitted to natural mating by the uninfected male (GIII). In sera obtained from all female goats on days -14, -7, -1, (before natural mating) and on days 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 and weekly until partum, the presence of antibodies against T. gondii was investigated by ELISA test. Bioassay in mice and PCR were performed on samples of semen and tissues of males and females and on their products which were stillbirths, fetus and offspring. Ten out of 12 females used showed specific antibodies against T. gondii after natural mating, being five from group GI and five from group GII. On several dates in which natural mating occurred, T. gondii was identified in semen samples of infected males by bioassay and PCR. Subsequently, after euthanasia, it was possible to isolate T. gondii in some of tissue samples from experimentally infected males. Moreover, by PCR and bioassay techniques it was also possible to identify T. gondii in tissue samples from experimentally infected females as well as their products (stillbirths, fetus and offspring). It was not possible to notice any clinical signs of toxoplasmosis Therefore, these results proved, for the first time, the sexual transmission of toxoplasmosis in goat species

Orientador: Alvimar José da Costa / Banca: João Luis Garcia / Banca: Francisco Carlos Rodrigues de Oliveira / Banca: Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani / Banca: Cesar Roberto Esper / Resumo: Ovinos machos isentos de Toxoplasma gondii, foram distribuídos em três grupos sendo, G1: um ovino inoculado, pela via oral, com 2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P, G2: um ovino infectado, pela via subcutânea, com 1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH e G3: um ovino não infectado mantido como controle. Após a inoculação dos machos com T. gondii, 12 ovelhas reprodutoras, não gestantes, sorologicamente negativas para doenças reprodutivas, sobretudo toxoplasmose, foram sincronizadas e em seguida expostas à monta natural pelos machos, anteriormente inoculados, sendo: cinco ovelhas submetidas à monta natural pelo macho do G1; cinco ovelhas expostas à monta natural pelo macho do G2 e duas ovelhas pelo macho pertencente ao grupo controle. Nos soros das ovelhas obtidos nos dias -30, -14, -7, -1, zero (antes da monta natural) e nos dias 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 e semanalmente até o parto, foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii pela RIFI. Bioensaio em camundongos e PCR foram realizados em amostras de sêmen e tecidos dos machos, tecidos das fêmeas e de seus respectivos filhotes. Cinco das 12 fêmeas utilizadas apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra T. gondii após a monta natural, sendo duas pelo macho inoculado com oocistos (G1) e três pelo ovino infectado com taquizoítos (G2). Pelo bioensaio foi possível diagnosticar, no dia da monta natural, a presença do T. gondii em amostras seminais dos ovinos infectados (G1 e G2) e em amostras do "pool" de tecidos das cinco fêmeas e em cinco de seus respectivos filhotes. Foi possível, ainda, pela técnica da PCR isolar o DNA de T. gondii em amostras seminais dos machos reprodutores no dia do coito, e no "pool" de tecidos de uma e duas fêmeas expostas à monta natural por reprodutores infectados com oocistos e taquizoítos, respectivamente. É importante relatar que, por meio desta técnica foi possível diagnosticar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Male sheep in reproductive age and with no prior Toxoplasma gondii disease, were divided into three groups: G1, a sheep inoculated with 2.0 x 105 of P strain oocysts; G2, a sheep infected with 1.0 x 106 of RH strain tachyzoites and; G3 a control uninfected sheep. After inoculation of males with T. gondii, 12 breeding ewes, not pregnant, serologically negative for reproductive diseases, particularly toxoplasmosis, were synchronized and then exposed to natural mating by those males, previously inoculated, being: five ewes submitted to natural mating by male G1, five ewes exposed to natural mating by the male of G2 and two ewes submitted to natural mating by the male control from group. In sera obtained from all ewes on days -30, -14, -7, -1, zero (before natural mating) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and weekly until partum, was investigated the presence of antibodies against T. gondii by IFAT. Bioassay and PCR were performed on samples of semen and tissues of males/females tissues and their offspring. Five of the 12 females submitted to natural mating, had antibodies anti-T. gondii, being, two by male inoculated with oocysts (G1) and three for sheep infected with tachyzoites (G2). For the bioassay was possible to diagnose on the day of natural mating, the presence of T. gondii in semen samples from infected sheep (G1 and G2) and in samples of pool of tissues from five females and five of their puppies. It was also possible by PCR to isolate the DNA of T. gondii in semen samples of rams on sexual intercourse, and the pool of tissues of one and two females exposed to breeding by natural mating infected with tachyzoites and oocysts, respectively. It is important to report that through this technique it was possible to diagnose the presence of this parasite also in the pool of tissue from the offspring of a female submitted to the natural breeding sheep infected with oocysts. From the results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor