Existing literature on consumer behavior has argued that an individual’s regulatory orientation interacts with message framing. If there is a match between regulatory orientation (promotion versus prevention) and message framing, this results in positive attitudes toward a given advertisement. Conversely, if there is a mismatch, the effect is opposite, i.e., attitudes toward that advertisement are less positive and less favorable. This research extends the term of compatibility by examining how regulatory focus moderates the impact of two aspects of message framing (attribute framing and risky choice framing) on customer perceptions. It also examines whether regulatory fit is created when there are interactions between individuals’ regulatory orientation and message framing and how the fit changes customer perceptions about a message. Specifically, this dissertation provides answers to the following questions: (1) does regulatory fit take place when regulatory focus is compatible with two aspects of message framing (attribute and risky choice)?; (2) does regulatory fit take place when one aspect of message framing (attribute) is compatible with the other (risky choice)?; and (3) how do customer perceptions change if customers experience regulatory fit? The results show that the effects of utilitarian attributes and national brands are dominating and that both promotion- and prevention-oriented customers have higher perceptions of these attributes and brands. The findings of this study have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this study should enhance our understanding of regulatory focus theory. Practically, the results should provide marketers with more insights into the correlation between message framing and regulatory orientation and the effect of fit on message persuasion, enabling them to develop more effective marketing strategies.

Introdução: A mortalidade materna é aquela resultante de complicações diretas e indiretas da gravidez, parto ou puerpério, e um indicador de saúde da mulher bem como do desempenho dos sistemas de atenção à saúde. O Planejamento Familiar é considerado fundamental na diminuição das taxas de mortalidade materna. A implantação de estratégias efetivas de planejamento familiar no pós-parto (PFPP) poderia contribuir na diminuição das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade materna e infantil, bem como do número de gestações não planejadas e abortos inseguros. O uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) em uma intervenção educativa em saúde de PFPP poderia ser considerado uma ferramenta complementar útil na atenção pós-natal. Objetivo: Determinar se o envio de mensagens de texto via Short Message Service (SMS) sobre PFPP, é um complemento útil para o acompanhamento pós-natal, incentivando o uso de anticoncepcional no pós-parto e o retorno à consulta de puerpério. Métodos: Ensaio clínico aleatorizado controlado por grupo . Realizado entre fevereiro de 2015 e junho de 2016 em Ribeirão Preto. Com 420 mulheres, 326 mulheres do grupo de controle e 94 mulheres do grupo com intervenção, cada grupo estava composto por 10 Unidades Básicas e Distritais de Saúde. Mulheres do grupo com intervenção, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos e com idade gestacional inferior a 20 semanas, foram convidadas a cadastrar-se no programa, após o aceite de participação, foi enviado o primeiro grupo de mensagens com informações referentes ao parto e gravidez, este envio terminava após o parto. Dentro das primeiras 48 horas pós-parto a mulher era entrevistada na maternidade, sendo coletados dados sociodemográficos, e do histórico sexual e reprodutivo, quatro dias após o parto as mulheres do grupo com intervenção que aceitaram receber as mensagens após o parto, receberam o segundo grupo de mensagens durante oito semanas com informações sobre contracepção no pós-parto. No terceiro mês após o parto foram entrevistadas as 420 no domicílio, o uso de anticoncepcional no pós-parto e assistência à consulta puerperal foram avaliados como desfechos principais. Todas as mulheres assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: A taxa total de uso de anticoncepcional foi de 92% no terceiro mês após o parto, 89% foram anticoncepcionais hormonais. Em relação á consulta puerperal, 76% das mulheres compareceram à consulta. 7 Conclusões: Não houve diferencia estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, talvez o impacto deste tipo de intervenção educativa pode ser diferente em outros contextos e regiões brasileiras onde a informação em saúde é mais defasada e as mulheres têm mais dificuldades no acesso ao serviço de saúde. Este foi o primeiro estudo da literatura que avaliou o impacto de mensagens educativas via SMS sobre uso de contraceptivos após três meses do parto. Além de promover informação através de SMS, numa linguagem de fácil entendimento para as mulheres sobre saúde reprodutiva, a proposta deste estudo possibilitou a participação ativa dessas mulheres, por possuir um sistema de mensagem de texto bidirecional. / Introduction: Maternal mortality is the result of direct and indirect complications of pregnancy, childbirth or puerperium, and an indicator of women\'s health as well as the performance of health care systems. Family Planning is considered to be crucial in reducing maternal mortality rates. The implementation of effective family planning strategies in the postpartum period (FPPP) could contribute to the reduction of rates of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, as well as the number of unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (CIT) in a FPPP health education intervention could be considered a useful complementary tool in postnatal care. Objective: To determine if the sending of text messages via Short Message Service (SMS) on FPPP is a useful complement to postnatal follow-up, encouraging postpartum contraceptive use and the return to puerperal consultation. Methods: Conglomerate-controlled randomized clinical trial. Held between February 2015 and June 2016 in Ribeirão Preto. With 420 women, 326 women from the conglomerate control and 94 women from the conglomerate with intervention, each conglomerate was composed of 10 Basic and District Health Units. Women of the conglomerate with intervention, aged 18 years or above and with gestational age less than 20 weeks, were invited to join the program, after accepting participation, was sent the first group of messages with information regarding delivery and pregnancy, this shipment ended after delivery. Within the first 48 hours postpartum, the woman was interviewed in the maternity ward, and socio-demographic data and sexual and reproductive history were collected. Four days after delivery, women from the conglomerate with intervention who accepted to receive postpartum messages received the second group of messages for eight weeks with information on postpartum contraception. In the third month after delivery, the 420 women were interviewed at home, postpartum contraceptive use and puerperal consultation were evaluated as the main outcomes. All the women signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Results: The total contraceptive use rate was 92% in the third month after delivery, 89% were hormonal contraceptives. Regarding the puerperal consultation, 76% of the women attended the consultation. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant 9 difference between groups, perhaps the impact of this type of educational intervention may be different in other Brazilian contexts and regions where health information is more lagged and women have more difficulties in accessing the health service. This was the first study in the literature that evaluated the impact of educational messages via SMS on contraceptive use after three months of childbirth. In addition to promoting information through SMS, in a language that women can easily understand about reproductive health, the proposal of this study made possible the active participation of these women, because it has a two-way text message system.

Introdução: A mortalidade materna é aquela resultante de complicações diretas e indiretas da gravidez, parto ou puerpério, e um indicador de saúde da mulher bem como do desempenho dos sistemas de atenção à saúde. O Planejamento Familiar é considerado fundamental na diminuição das taxas de mortalidade materna. A implantação de estratégias efetivas de planejamento familiar no pós-parto (PFPP) poderia contribuir na diminuição das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade materna e infantil, bem como do número de gestações não planejadas e abortos inseguros. O uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) em uma intervenção educativa em saúde de PFPP poderia ser considerado uma ferramenta complementar útil na atenção pós-natal. Objetivo: Determinar se o envio de mensagens de texto via Short Message Service (SMS) sobre PFPP, é um complemento útil para o acompanhamento pós-natal, incentivando o uso de anticoncepcional no pós-parto e o retorno à consulta de puerpério. Métodos: Ensaio clínico aleatorizado controlado por grupo . Realizado entre fevereiro de 2015 e junho de 2016 em Ribeirão Preto. Com 420 mulheres, 326 mulheres do grupo de controle e 94 mulheres do grupo com intervenção, cada grupo estava composto por 10 Unidades Básicas e Distritais de Saúde. Mulheres do grupo com intervenção, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos e com idade gestacional inferior a 20 semanas, foram convidadas a cadastrar-se no programa, após o aceite de participação, foi enviado o primeiro grupo de mensagens com informações referentes ao parto e gravidez, este envio terminava após o parto. Dentro das primeiras 48 horas pós-parto a mulher era entrevistada na maternidade, sendo coletados dados sociodemográficos, e do histórico sexual e reprodutivo, quatro dias após o parto as mulheres do grupo com intervenção que aceitaram receber as mensagens após o parto, receberam o segundo grupo de mensagens durante oito semanas com informações sobre contracepção no pós-parto. No terceiro mês após o parto foram entrevistadas as 420 no domicílio, o uso de anticoncepcional no pós-parto e assistência à consulta puerperal foram avaliados como desfechos principais. Todas as mulheres assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: A taxa total de uso de anticoncepcional foi de 92% no terceiro mês após o parto, 89% foram anticoncepcionais hormonais. Em relação á consulta puerperal, 76% das mulheres compareceram à consulta. 7 Conclusões: Não houve diferencia estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, talvez o impacto deste tipo de intervenção educativa pode ser diferente em outros contextos e regiões brasileiras onde a informação em saúde é mais defasada e as mulheres têm mais dificuldades no acesso ao serviço de saúde. Este foi o primeiro estudo da literatura que avaliou o impacto de mensagens educativas via SMS sobre uso de contraceptivos após três meses do parto. Além de promover informação através de SMS, numa linguagem de fácil entendimento para as mulheres sobre saúde reprodutiva, a proposta deste estudo possibilitou a participação ativa dessas mulheres, por possuir um sistema de mensagem de texto bidirecional. / Introduction: Maternal mortality is the result of direct and indirect complications of pregnancy, childbirth or puerperium, and an indicator of women\'s health as well as the performance of health care systems. Family Planning is considered to be crucial in reducing maternal mortality rates. The implementation of effective family planning strategies in the postpartum period (FPPP) could contribute to the reduction of rates of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, as well as the number of unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (CIT) in a FPPP health education intervention could be considered a useful complementary tool in postnatal care. Objective: To determine if the sending of text messages via Short Message Service (SMS) on FPPP is a useful complement to postnatal follow-up, encouraging postpartum contraceptive use and the return to puerperal consultation. Methods: Conglomerate-controlled randomized clinical trial. Held between February 2015 and June 2016 in Ribeirão Preto. With 420 women, 326 women from the conglomerate control and 94 women from the conglomerate with intervention, each conglomerate was composed of 10 Basic and District Health Units. Women of the conglomerate with intervention, aged 18 years or above and with gestational age less than 20 weeks, were invited to join the program, after accepting participation, was sent the first group of messages with information regarding delivery and pregnancy, this shipment ended after delivery. Within the first 48 hours postpartum, the woman was interviewed in the maternity ward, and socio-demographic data and sexual and reproductive history were collected. Four days after delivery, women from the conglomerate with intervention who accepted to receive postpartum messages received the second group of messages for eight weeks with information on postpartum contraception. In the third month after delivery, the 420 women were interviewed at home, postpartum contraceptive use and puerperal consultation were evaluated as the main outcomes. All the women signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Results: The total contraceptive use rate was 92% in the third month after delivery, 89% were hormonal contraceptives. Regarding the puerperal consultation, 76% of the women attended the consultation. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant 9 difference between groups, perhaps the impact of this type of educational intervention may be different in other Brazilian contexts and regions where health information is more lagged and women have more difficulties in accessing the health service. This was the first study in the literature that evaluated the impact of educational messages via SMS on contraceptive use after three months of childbirth. In addition to promoting information through SMS, in a language that women can easily understand about reproductive health, the proposal of this study made possible the active participation of these women, because it has a two-way text message system.

Parallel computing is essential for solving very large scientific and engineering problems. An effective parallel computing solution requires an appropriate parallel machine and a well-optimised parallel program, both of which can be selected via performance modelling. This dissertation describes a new performance modelling system, called the Performance Evaluating Virtual Parallel Machine (PEVPM). Unlike previous techniques, the PEVPM system is relatively easy to use, inexpensive to apply and extremely accurate. It uses a novel bottom-up approach, where submodels of individual computation and communication events are dynamically constructed from data-dependencies, current contention levels and the performance distributions of low-level operations, which define performance variability in the face of contention. During model evaluation, the performance distribution attached to each submodel is sampled using Monte Carlo techniques, thus simulating the effects of contention. This allows the PEVPM to accurately simulate a program's execution structure, even if it is non-deterministic, and thus to predict its performance. Obtaining these performance distributions required the development of a new benchmarking tool, called MPIBench. Unlike previous tools, which simply measure average message-passing time over a large number of repeated message transfers, MPIBench uses a highly accurate and globally synchronised clock to measure the performance of individual communication operations. MPIBench was used to benchmark three parallel computers, which encompassed a wide range of network performance capabilities, namely those provided by Fast Ethernet, Myrinet and QsNet. Network contention, a problem ignored by most research in this area, was found to cause extensive performance variation during message-passing operations. For point-to-point communication, this variation was best described by Pearson 5 distributions. Collective communication operations were able to be modelled using their constituent point-to-point operations. In cases of severe contention, extreme outliers were common in the observed performance distributions, which were shown to be the result of lost messages and their subsequent retransmit timeouts. The highly accurate benchmark results provided by MPIBench were coupled with the PEVPM models of a range of parallel programs, and simulated by the PEVPM. These case studies proved that, unlike previous modelling approaches, the PEVPM technique successfully unites generality, flexibility, cost-effectiveness and accuracy in one performance modelling system for parallel programs. This makes it avaluable tool for the development of parallel computing solutions. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Computer Science, 2003.

The object oriented programming style used in the Smalltalk and Actor languages is available in Lisp Machine Lisp, and used by the Lisp Machine software system. It is used to perform generic operations on objects. Part of its implementation is simply a convention in procedure calling style; part is a powerful language feature, called Flavors, for defining abstract objects. This chapter attempts to explain what programming with objects and with message passing means, the various means of implementing these in Lisp Machine Lisp, and when you should use them. It assumes no prior knowledge of any other languages.

La tolerancia a fallos se ha convertido en un requerimiento importante para los ingenieros informáticos y los desarrolladores de software, debido a que la ocurrencia de fallos aumenta el coste de explotación de un computador paralelo. Por otro lado, las actividades realizadas por el mecanismo de tolerancia de fallo reducen las prestaciones del sistema desde el punto de vista del usuario. Esta tesis presenta una arquitectura tolerante a fallos para computadores paralelos, denominada RADIC (Redundant Array of Distributed Fault Tolerance Controllers,), que es simultáneamente transparente, descentralizada, flexible y escalable. RADIC es una arquitectura tolerante a fallos que se basa un controlador distribuido para manejar los fallos. Dicho controlador se basa en procesos dedicados, que comparten los recursos del usuario en el computador paralelo. Para validar el funcionamiento de la arquitectura RADIC, se realizó una implementación que sigue el estándar MPI-1 y que contiene los elementos de la arquitectura. Dicha implementación, denominada RADICMPI, permite verificar la funcionalidad de RADIC en situaciones sin fallo o bajo condiciones de fallo. Las pruebas se han realizado utilizando un inyector de fallos, involucrado en el código de RADICMPI, de manera que permite todas las condiciones necesarias para validar la operación del controlador distribuido de RADIC. También se utilizó la misma implementación para estudiar las consecuencias de usar RADIC en un ambiente real. Esto permitió evaluar la operación de la arquitectura en situaciones prácticas, y estudiar la influencia de los parámetros de RADIC sobre el funcionamiento del sistema. Los resultados probaron que la arquitectura de RADIC funciona correctamente y que es flexible, escalable, transparente y descentralizada. Además, RADIC estableció una arquitectura de tolerancia a fallos para sistemas basados en paso de mensajes. / Fault tolerance has become a major issue for computer engineers and software developers because the occurrence of faults increases the cost of using a parallel computer. On the other hand, the activities performed by the fault tolerance mechanism reduce the performance of the system from the user point of view. This thesis presents RADIC (Redundant Array of Distributed Independent Fault Tolerance Controllers,) a fault-tolerant architecture to parallel computers, which is simultaneously transparent, decentralized, flexible and scalable. RADIC is a fault-tolerant architecture that implements a fully distributed controller to manage faults. Such controller rests on dedicated processes, which share the user's resources in the parallel computer. In order to validate the operation of RADIC, we created RADICMPI, a message-passing implementation that includes the elements of the RADIC architecture and complies with the MPI-1 standard. RADICMPI served for to verifying the functionality of RADIC in scenarios with and without failures in the parallel computer. For the tests, we implemented a fault injector in RADICMPI in order to create the scenarios required to validate the operation of the RADIC distributed controller. We also used RADICMPI to study the practical aspects of using RADIC in a real environment. This allowed us to evaluate the operation of our architecture in practical situations, and to study the influence of the RADIC parameters over the system performance. The results proved that the RADIC architecture operated correctly and that it is flexible, scalable, transparent and decentralized. Furthermore, RADIC established a powerful fault-tolerant architecture model for message-passing systems.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 23, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-126).

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: self-powered; universal hashing; ultra-low-power; message authentication codes; provable security. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-61).

This essay is a comparative anlysis of ”Paycheck”, ”The Minority Report” and ”Adjustment Team” by Philip K. Dick and their film adaptations, Paycheck,  Minority Report and The Adjustment Bureau. I am primarily interested in the political message of the original stories and how it is affected in the process of transmediation into film. The political message is clearly reflected in the way the protagonists’ free will relates to the bigger system of power. This relationship can either problematize the protagonist’s struggle, forcing him to sacrifice something, or simplify the political dimension by letting him overcome every single obstacle. The extent of the political message is enhanced by its allegorical meaning, especially when related to the contemporary reality. Therefore, I will investigate how the texts and films can be read allegorically and what impact the process of adaptation has on the allegories. I will use Fredric Jameson’s approach to allegory that treats it as a method of interpretation and a tool of mediation and understanding the diversity of human experience. I argue that the allegorical element functions rather independently of the literal political message. When some allegorical interpretations are lost, new ones, connected to the sociocultural context of the adaptation are created. All three adaptations reduce the scope of the political message found in the original texts, opting for less reflective entertainment or even action cinema. Nevertheless, on the allegorical level, they offer new interpretations that echo their updated sociocultural conditions. Keywords: Philip K. Dick; Political Message; Allegory; Adaptation