台灣位於環太平洋地震帶上，地形為山地居多，且地質脆弱，加上位於西太平洋副熱帶地區，使得山區常受到颱風的侵擾而發生崩塌，導致土石流和洪水等災害發生，進而影響人民的生命和財產安全。因此，如何有效地建置崩塌地區域資料庫，成為國土保育與災害防治的重要課題。以往利用遙測與航測技術於崩塌地萃取的研究中，大多是於幾何糾正後衛星影像或是航測正射影像上分析崩塌地，但產製正射影像或是糾正衛星影像時，都需要花費較多的時間，對於講求時效性的救災行動而言頗為不利。本研究之目的為發展一套不需使用正射影像萃取崩塌地的方法，以物件導向影像分類法，於DMC（Digital Mapping Camera）航測原始影像上直接萃取崩塌地資訊。首先採取多重解析影像分割的技術，將航測影像依像元光譜和形狀同質性分割成不同區塊（物件），接著利用影像光譜統計值搭配區域成長法，偵測影像中的雲覆蓋地區並過濾。其次，根據光譜亮度統計特徵值，將影像區分成陰暗地區、正常地區以及較亮地區之三種土地覆蓋類型，使用線性相關糾正法（Linear-correlation Correction）將陰暗地區光譜亮度值轉換至正常地區，並利用物件的特徵值，如光譜、面積、形狀以及相關性依序萃取此三種土地覆蓋類型內的崩塌地。最後，使用光線追蹤法 （Ray-tracing），將崩塌地區塊從影像坐標轉換至地圖坐標，使其可以套疊地形資料如坡度、坡向，並進行空間分析以提升崩塌地的判釋精度。研究結果顯示，崩塌地萃取之使用者精度和生產者精度，均有82%以上，並且整個實驗可大量批次處理影像，及快速建立崩塌地資料庫，本研究之方法和崩塌地資料庫將有助於國土保育與崩塌地的災害防治。 / Being located in a subtropical and seismic zone of the West Pacific, the geology is fragile and topography is mountainous in Taiwan. Landslides, floods and other disasters induced by typhoons occur frequently, and it cause the life-threatening and property loss of human beings in Taiwan. Therefore, how to establish landslides data effectively become an important issue of land conservation and disasters management. In recently years, most of the researchers used aerial ortho-images or satellite georeferencing images to detect landslides sites. However, it spent a lot of time generating aerial ortho-images and rectifying satellite images, and it also reduced the efficiency of landslides analysis. Thus, this study developed an object-oriented classification method, which can be directly applied in raw image data, to detect landslides sites. Firstly, this study used multi-resolution image segmentation technique to segment images acquired by Z/I DMC（Digital Mapping Camera） into individual regions （objects） according to the homogeneity of spectral and shape features, and then removed cloud areas by using brightness features depended on the spectral information of images. Secondly, the study divided the entire image into three areas, which are darker area, normal area and lighter area, according to brightness value. Next, Linear-correlation correction （LCC） method was used in this study to transform darker area to normal area so that it can easily detect the landslides sites in darker area, and the object features, such as spectral, area, shape and space correlation indices, were used to extract landslide sites in images. Finally, in order to enhance the accuracy of landslide, the initial landslides were converted from image coordinate system to map coordinate system by ray-tracing method, so the initial landslides data can be further extracted by using topographic data, including slope and aspect data. The results of this study showed that the user and producer accuracies of detecting landslides can reach up to 82%. Moreover, the entire experiments process of this study can batch analyze automatically and establish landslides database quickly. It is expected that the method and landslides data of this study may have contribution to land conservation and disasters management.

No description available.

This thesis presents three main contributions in the context of modeling and simulation of physiological systems. The first one is a formalization of the methodology involved in multi-formalism and multi-resolution modeling. The second one is the presentation and improvement of a modeling and simulation framework integrating a range of tools that help the definition, analysis, usage and sharing of complex mathematical models. The third contribution is the application of this modeling framework to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for clinical applications involving the cardiovascular system: hypertension-based heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease (CAD). A prospective application in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is also presented, which also includes a model of the therapy. Finally, a final application is presented for the study of the baroreflex responses in the newborn lamb. These case studies include the integration of a pulsatile heart into a global cardiovascular model that captures the short and long term regulation of the cardiovascular system with the representation of heart failure, the analysis of coronary hemodynamics and collateral circulation of patients with triple-vessel disease enduring a coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the construction of a coupled electrical and mechanical cardiac model for the optimization of atrio ventricular and intraventricular delays of a biventricular pacemaker, and a model-based estimation of sympathetic and vagal responses of premature newborn lambs.

Ce mémoire est consacré à la compensation des effets de flous dans une image, communément appelés effets de volume partiel (EVP), avec comme objectif d’application l’amélioration qualitative et quantitative des images en médecine nucléaire. Ces effets sont la conséquence de la faible résolutions spatiale qui caractérise l’imagerie fonctionnelle par tomographie à émission mono-photonique (TEMP) ou tomographie à émission de positons (TEP) et peuvent être caractérisés par une perte de signal dans les tissus présentant une taille comparable à celle de la résolution spatiale du système d’imagerie, représentée par sa fonction de dispersion ponctuelle (FDP). Outre ce phénomène, les EVP peuvent également entrainer une contamination croisée des intensités entre structures adjacentes présentant des activités radioactives différentes. Cet effet peut conduire à une sur ou sous estimation des activités réellement présentes dans ces régions voisines. Différentes techniques existent actuellement pour atténuer voire corriger les EVP et peuvent être regroupées selon le fait qu’elles interviennent avant, durant ou après le processus de reconstruction des images et qu’elles nécessitent ou non la définition de régions d’intérêt provenant d’une imagerie anatomique de plus haute résolution(tomodensitométrie TDM ou imagerie par résonance magnétique IRM). L’approche post-reconstruction basée sur le voxel (ne nécessitant donc pas de définition de régions d’intérêt) a été ici privilégiée afin d’éviter la dépendance aux reconstructions propres à chaque constructeur, exploitée et améliorée afin de corriger au mieux des EVP. Deux axes distincts ont été étudiés. Le premier est basé sur une approche multi-résolution dans le domaine des ondelettes exploitant l’apport d’une image anatomique haute résolution associée à l’image fonctionnelle. Le deuxième axe concerne l’amélioration de processus de déconvolution itérative et ce par l’apport d’outils comme les ondelettes et leurs extensions que sont les curvelets apportant une dimension supplémentaire à l’analyse par la notion de direction. Ces différentes approches ont été mises en application et validées par des analyses sur images synthétiques, simulées et cliniques que ce soit dans le domaine de la neurologie ou dans celui de l’oncologie. Finalement, les caméras commerciales actuelles intégrant de plus en plus des corrections de résolution spatiale dans leurs algorithmes de reconstruction, nous avons choisi de comparer de telles approches en TEP et en TEMP avec une approche de déconvolution itérative proposée dans ce mémoire. / Partial Volume Effects (PVE) designates the blur commonly found in nuclear medicine images andthis PhD work is dedicated to their correction with the objectives of qualitative and quantitativeimprovement of such images. PVE arise from the limited spatial resolution of functional imaging witheither Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography(SPECT). They can be defined as a signal loss in tissues of size similar to the Full Width at HalfMaximum (FWHM) of the PSF of the imaging device. In addition, PVE induce activity crosscontamination between adjacent structures with different tracer uptakes. This can lead to under or overestimation of the real activity of such analyzed regions. Various methodologies currently exist tocompensate or even correct for PVE and they may be classified depending on their place in theprocessing chain: either before, during or after the image reconstruction process, as well as theirdependency on co-registered anatomical images with higher spatial resolution, for instance ComputedTomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The voxel-based and post-reconstructionapproach was chosen for this work to avoid regions of interest definition and dependency onproprietary reconstruction developed by each manufacturer, in order to improve the PVE correction.Two different contributions were carried out in this work: the first one is based on a multi-resolutionmethodology in the wavelet domain using the higher resolution details of a co-registered anatomicalimage associated to the functional dataset to correct. The second one is the improvement of iterativedeconvolution based methodologies by using tools such as directional wavelets and curveletsextensions. These various developed approaches were applied and validated using synthetic, simulatedand clinical images, for instance with neurology and oncology applications in mind. Finally, ascurrently available PET/CT scanners incorporate more and more spatial resolution corrections in theirimplemented reconstruction algorithms, we have compared such approaches in SPECT and PET to aniterative deconvolution methodology that was developed in this work.

<p>The topic of the thesis is analysis of the topological structure of scalar fields and<br />shapes represented through Morse and cell complexes, respectively. This is<br />achieved by defining simplification and refinement operators on these<br />complexes. It is shown that the defined operators form a basis for the set of<br />operators that modify Morse and cell complexes. Based on the defined<br />operators, a multi-resolution model for Morse and cell complexes is constructed,<br />which contains a large number of representations at uniform and variable<br />resolution.</p> / <p>Тема дисертације је анализа тополошке структуре скаларних поља и<br />облика представљених у облику комплекса Морза и ћелијских комплекса,<br />редом. То се постиже дефинисањем оператора за симплификацију и<br />рафинацију тих комплекса. Показано је да дефинисани оператори чине<br />базу за скуп оператора на комплексима Морза и ћелијским комплексима.<br />На основу дефинисаних оператора конструисан је мулти-резолуциони<br />модел за комплексе Морза и ћелијске комплексе, који садржи велики број<br />репрезентација униформне и варијабилне резолуције.</p> / <p>Tema disertacije je analiza topološke strukture skalarnih polja i<br />oblika predstavljenih u obliku kompleksa Morza i ćelijskih kompleksa,<br />redom. To se postiže definisanjem operatora za simplifikaciju i<br />rafinaciju tih kompleksa. Pokazano je da definisani operatori čine<br />bazu za skup operatora na kompleksima Morza i ćelijskim kompleksima.<br />Na osnovu definisanih operatora konstruisan je multi-rezolucioni<br />model za komplekse Morza i ćelijske komplekse, koji sadrži veliki broj<br />reprezentacija uniformne i varijabilne rezolucije.</p>