Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1964. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-40). Also available via the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 romeiro_fg_dr_botfm.pdf: 769868 bytes, checksum: 51ebdb758ea32f2c9ceee10801604681 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A encefalopatia hepática (EH) é uma complicação da cirrose considerada como sinal de mau prognóstico na doença hepática avançada. As conseqüências da EH não são completamente reversíveis, por isso o tratamento deve ter rápido início de ação e ser altamente eficaz. Atualmente os antibióticos são os medicamentos mais eficazes na EH aguda, porém no tratamento da EH são utilizados apenas os de baixa absorção, que em geral demandam certo tempo para apresentar resultados. Além disso, esses antibióticos não são isentos de efeitos adversos. Análise comparativa da eficácia da eritromicina (ERY), usada pela primeira vez no tratamento da EH em portadores de cirrose. Ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado e duplo cego de pacientes adultos portadores de cirrose, internados por EH no período de agosto/2008 a outubro/2010 no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. Após a admissão, os indivíduos receberam tratamento com ERY 250 mg ou neomicina (NEO) 1 grama. As medicações foram utilizadas por via oral e administradas de 6/6 horas até a alta hospitalar, prescrição de outro antibiótico ou óbito. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados diariamente por meio do índice de encefalopatia hepática (IEH). Foram realizadas dosagens diárias de amônia sérica e proteína C reativa (PCR), bem como exames de bioquímica hepática e renal. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de testes de comparação entre os grupos (testes t de Student e Mann-Whitney), medidas de distribuição central e análise descritiva. 30 casos de EH foram avaliados (15 tratados com ERY e 15 com NEO). Os grupos foram homogêneos em relação a idade, IEH, grau de EH à admissão hospitalar, escala de coma de Glasgow, escore Meld e classificação de Child-Pugh modificada. No grupo ERY houve redução do tempo de internação (p = 0,032) e maior queda da alanina... / Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the major complications in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, and is considered a sign of bad prognosis in this setting. The consequences of HE are not totally reversible, thus the treatment must to be effective in a short time to attain HE regression. Actually, antibiotics are the best options in acute HE treatment. However, the antibiotics used in HE are drugs of low absorption, which often spend a long time to obtain its effect. Nevertheless, these antibiotics are not free of adverse effects. Comparative analysis of efficacy of erythromycin (ERY) used by the first time as a treatment of HE. Randomized controlled trial of adult patients with HE and hepatic cirrhosis admitted from August 2008 to October 2010 in the hospital of the Botucatu Medical School - UNESP. After randomization, the patients received either ERY 250 mg or neomycin (NEO) 1 g. The drugs were administered orally q.i.d. until hospital discharge, prescription of another antibiotic or death. All subjects were evaluated diary and the hepatic encephalopathy index (HEI) was calculated every day. Serum ammonia, C reactive protein (CRP) and biochemical profile (hepatic and renal exams) were obtained diary of each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using tests for comparison between the groups (Student t test and Mann-Whitney test), Spearman's rank correlation, central distribution measures and descriptive analysis. 30 cases of HE were evaluated (15 treated with each drug). In the moment of admission, the groups were homogeneous with respect to age, HEI, HE grade, Glasgow coma scale, Meld score and Child-Pugh modified classification. The subjects that received ERY had a short time of hospitalization (p = 0.032) and a great degree in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p = 0.026). A positive correlation was find between length of hospitalization and CRP levels, both... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

by Yung Wing-ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references.

Resumo: A encefalopatia hepática (EH) é uma complicação da cirrose considerada como sinal de mau prognóstico na doença hepática avançada. As conseqüências da EH não são completamente reversíveis, por isso o tratamento deve ter rápido início de ação e ser altamente eficaz. Atualmente os antibióticos são os medicamentos mais eficazes na EH aguda, porém no tratamento da EH são utilizados apenas os de baixa absorção, que em geral demandam certo tempo para apresentar resultados. Além disso, esses antibióticos não são isentos de efeitos adversos. Análise comparativa da eficácia da eritromicina (ERY), usada pela primeira vez no tratamento da EH em portadores de cirrose. Ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado e duplo cego de pacientes adultos portadores de cirrose, internados por EH no período de agosto/2008 a outubro/2010 no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. Após a admissão, os indivíduos receberam tratamento com ERY 250 mg ou neomicina (NEO) 1 grama. As medicações foram utilizadas por via oral e administradas de 6/6 horas até a alta hospitalar, prescrição de outro antibiótico ou óbito. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados diariamente por meio do índice de encefalopatia hepática (IEH). Foram realizadas dosagens diárias de amônia sérica e proteína C reativa (PCR), bem como exames de bioquímica hepática e renal. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de testes de comparação entre os grupos (testes t de Student e Mann-Whitney), medidas de distribuição central e análise descritiva. 30 casos de EH foram avaliados (15 tratados com ERY e 15 com NEO). Os grupos foram homogêneos em relação a idade, IEH, grau de EH à admissão hospitalar, escala de coma de Glasgow, escore Meld e classificação de Child-Pugh modificada. No grupo ERY houve redução do tempo de internação (p = 0,032) e maior queda da alanina... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the major complications in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, and is considered a sign of bad prognosis in this setting. The consequences of HE are not totally reversible, thus the treatment must to be effective in a short time to attain HE regression. Actually, antibiotics are the best options in acute HE treatment. However, the antibiotics used in HE are drugs of low absorption, which often spend a long time to obtain its effect. Nevertheless, these antibiotics are not free of adverse effects. Comparative analysis of efficacy of erythromycin (ERY) used by the first time as a treatment of HE. Randomized controlled trial of adult patients with HE and hepatic cirrhosis admitted from August 2008 to October 2010 in the hospital of the Botucatu Medical School - UNESP. After randomization, the patients received either ERY 250 mg or neomycin (NEO) 1 g. The drugs were administered orally q.i.d. until hospital discharge, prescription of another antibiotic or death. All subjects were evaluated diary and the hepatic encephalopathy index (HEI) was calculated every day. Serum ammonia, C reactive protein (CRP) and biochemical profile (hepatic and renal exams) were obtained diary of each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using tests for comparison between the groups (Student t test and Mann-Whitney test), Spearman's rank correlation, central distribution measures and descriptive analysis. 30 cases of HE were evaluated (15 treated with each drug). In the moment of admission, the groups were homogeneous with respect to age, HEI, HE grade, Glasgow coma scale, Meld score and Child-Pugh modified classification. The subjects that received ERY had a short time of hospitalization (p = 0.032) and a great degree in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p = 0.026). A positive correlation was find between length of hospitalization and CRP levels, both... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Carlos Antonio Caramori / Coorientador: José Ricardo de Arruda Miranda / Banca: Elza Cotrim Soares / Banca: Ricardo Brandt de Oliveira / Banca: Giovanni Faria Silva / Banca: Ligia Yukie Sassaki / Doutor

by Yeung, Sai-mo, Simon. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 189-207.

Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1979.

The bacterial ribosome is an important target for many antimicrobial agents. Aminoglycoside antibiotics bind to both 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits, inhibiting translation and subunit formation. During ribosomal subunit biogenesis, ribonucleases (RNases) play an important role in rRNA processing. E. coli cells deficient for specific processing RNases are predicted to have an increased sensitivity to neomycin and paromomycin. Four RNase mutant strains showed an increased growth sensitivity to both aminoglycoside antibiotics. E. coli strains deficient for the rRNA processing enzymes RNase III, RNase E, RNase G or RNase PH showed significantly reduced subunit amounts after antibiotic treatment. A substantial increase in a 16S RNA precursor molecule was observed as well. Ribosomal RNA turnover was stimulated, and an enhancement of 16S and 23S rRNA fragmentation was detected in E. coli cells deficient for these enzymes. This work indicates that bacterial RNases may be novel antimicrobial targets.

Three hundred and twelve feeder pigs, six lots of 52 pigs each (52 pounds) were used to study the response of five antibiotic supplementations in a commercial hog finishing operation. Lot one received neomycin 80 grams per ton, lot two Bacitracin MD (40 grams per ton), and lot three no antibiotic o Lots four, five and six received SP-250 for 10 days (five pounds per ton). After termination of SP-2S0, lot four received neomycin (80 grams per ton), lot five bacitracin MD (40 grams per ton) and lot six no antibiotic. At the end of the 9l-day feeding period, the first draft of hogs) which included all hogs weighing approximately 200 pounds, was removed for slaughter. A second draft of hogs was slaughtered 14 days later, the remaining hogs in each lot were all removed 32 days later. The supplementation of SP-250 (lots 4, 5 and 6) for 10 days increased (P .01) the ADG by 0.2 pounds over control, Neomycin and Bacitracin MD did not affect the ADG. Combinations of SP-250 and Neomycin or Bacitracin MD produced gains similar to those of SP-250 alone. Carcass length was measured from the first rib to the aitch bone, also average chilled carcass weight and dressing per cent were obtained at the packing plant. Feed intake did not appear to be affected by any of the treatments. Feed efficiency appeared to be improved by SP-250 due to the greater gains. The overall mean live weight at slaughter also had a tendency to be greater for lots 4, 5, and 6. There was essentially no difference among lots I, 2, and 3 or among lots 4, 5, and 6 in live weight at slaughter. Mean slaughter weights were 220 lbs. and 212 lbs. for those supplemented with SP-250 and those not, respectively. Chilled carcass weights of pens 4, 5, and 6 evidenced the slightly greater live weights as compared to lots 1, 2, and 3. The treatments had no effect on dressing % or carcass length. Those lots receiving SP-2S0 tended to have slightly thicker back fat. / Master of Science

Antibacterial agents specific for the 50S ribosomal subunit not only inhibit translation but also prevent assembly of that subunit. I examined the 30S ribosomal subunit in growing Escherichia coli cells to see if antibiotics specific for that subunit also had a second inhibitory effect. I used the aminoglycoside antibiotics paromomycin and neomycin, which bind specifically to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Both antibiotics inhibited the growth rate, viable cell number, and protein synthesis. I used a 3H-uridine pulse and chase assay to examine the kinetics of ribosome subunit assembly in the presence and absence of each antibiotic. Analysis revealed a concentration dependent inhibition of 30S subunit formation in the presence of each antibiotic. Sucrose gradient profiles of cell lysates showed the accumulation of an intermediate 21S translational particle. Taken together this data gives the first demonstration that 30S ribosomal subunit inhibitors can also prevent assembly of the small subunit.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Pollution of water sources, aquifers and wetland systems caused by industry, agriculture, and municipally treated wastewater is a worldwide problem that contributes to the scarcity of clean and potable water. Rivers, channels, lakes, oceans, and ground water are often contaminated by a variety of organic substances that can affect aquatic life and threaten human health. Organic compounds such as antibiotics that are not effectively removed by modern day water treatment technology are a growing threat to water quality and health. The emergence of antibiotics in the environment particularly aquatics have become a matter of concern as they may result in induction and spread of bacterial resistance which may be harmful to humans or animals. After administration, antibiotics for human use or their metabolites are excreted into the effluent and reach the sewage treatment plant (STP). Not all Antibiotics in sewage treatment plants are eliminated. Consequently they can pass through the sewage system and may end up in environmental and even potable water systems. Antibiotic residues have been reportedly found in places such as hospital wastewaters, wastewater treatment plants and surface waters all over the world with concentrations ranging from approximately 60-120000 ng/, 2-580 ng/L and 5-1300 ng/L respectively. The current methods that are used to detect antibiotics can be quite expensive and time consuming due to sample preparation (necessary for detection of very low concentrations of antibiotics in water) and technology used in the instruments. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are simple systems, with high selectivity and sensitivity for individual measurements and cost effectiveness. The development of composites based on conductive phases dispersed in polymeric matrices has led to important advances in analytical electrochemistry. Polyamic acid and graphene oxide are both materials with well-defined electrochemistry and are easily processable in the design of various sensor formats. In this study we present a novel polyamic acid - graphene oxide (PAA/GO) electrode which was prepared for electrochemical screening of antibiotic residues in aqueous systems. Polyamic acid (PAA) and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully synthesized independently and characterized using SEM which was used to study the morphology of the PAA, FTIR spectroscopy to confirm chemical structures and functional groups as well as CV and SWV which were used to identify the unique electrochemical behavior of PAA and GO respectively. Polyamic acid-graphene oxide nanocomposite was prepared and characterized by CV, SWV, FTIR and SEM. The novel electrode (PAA/GO/SPCE) was prepared by electrochemically depositing PAA/GO (0.03 mg/mL) onto SPCE electrodes using 5 cycles between −1000 mV and 1000 mV at 50 mVs. The analytical performance of the electrochemical sensor towards detection of neomyxin and norlfoxacin was compared to standard Uv-vis spectroscopy method. The Uv-vis spectroscopy showed LOD of 1.61x10-5 M and 1.41x10-5 M for norfloxacin and neomycin respectively. The PAA/GO electrochemical sensor had a LOD of 3.37x10-7 M for norfloxacin and 1.066x10-6 M for neomycin. Sensitivity of the UV/vis method was comparable to electrochemical sensor sensitivity for neomycin and norfloxacin.