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This paper is a description of the analysis and testing of a method to estimate noise mixed in with a desired signal and to then subtract out the estimated noise. The paper documents the situation in which noise becomes a problem, the method of noise elimination, the mathematics used to analyze the noise eliminator, a digital/analog hybrid simulation of a system utilizing the techniques described, and comparative results between expected performance and actual system performance. Also described is the practicality of the system, the limitations of the system and its unique capabilities. Since the system is a totally new concept, it was being developed for the writing of this thesis. Therefore many changes were implemented with respect to the original design. These modifications are documented along with the reasons for the deviations from the original idea. Conclusions and a summary are provided. Several suggestions as to where the system would be beneficial are also supplied.

High-frequency noise modeling and characterization of nanoscale MOSFETs are essential driving forces for highly scaled CMOS technology to be used in radio-frequency applications. Continuous downscaling increases the operating frequency of the MOSFETs, reduces the power supply voltage but does not scale noise accordingly. This makes the noise issue of future low-power technology more prominent and therefore accurate noise modeling more important. In this thesis, several important issues regarding noise modeling and characterization for nanoscale MOSFETs are studied. First, a new noise factor deembedding algorithm is proposed for on-wafer noise measurements. It solves the problem of noise factor deembedding in which the active two-port device is surrounded by a four-port parasitic network. Based on it, a new deembedding-first and optimization-last noise parameter deembedding approach is proposed and its performance is evaluated using experimental data. Second, the noise performance of modern sub-100-nm MOSFETs are evaluated using the noise sheet resistance as a figure of merit. It shows that future technologies generally have degraded noise performance. In addition, two accuracy issues regarding the calibration of noise receiver for high-frequency noise measurements are investigated and methods to mitigate these issues are discussed. Third, a novel Z-parameter based approach to extract the gate resistance is proposed for MOSFET characterization. It is evaluated against other published methods using experimental data. In addition, the extraction of the resistance of the lightly-doped-drain region and the gate contact is also performed and discussed. Finally, a new perspective to interpret the MSOFET channel noise as suppressed shot noise is presented. An easy-to-use analytical expression for the suppression factor is derived and it only relies on two process parameters – threshold voltage and effective oxide thickness – to predict the level of suppression for the channel noise of MOSFETs. It is evaluated using published experimental data on various CMOS technology nodes. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No / This paper presents an overview of generic database of sustainability criteria values for a range of noise reducing devices (NRDs) for surface transport developed as part of the research carried out in the EU project "Quietening the Environment for a Sustainable Surface Transport" (QUIESST) (1) and how these criteria can be used for sustainability assessment of noise barriers standards. The NRD Industry has been involved in this research and NRD's manufacturers have always shown a great interest in sustainability assessment. This is coupled with the new Construction Product Regulation (305/2011/EU -CPR) (2) that came into force in July 2013 that promotes a new approach in products qualification based on the declaration of performance against seven essential requirements. Sustainability has been specifically addressed with the new 7th basic requirement, 'sustainable usage of natural resources'. The method developed within this research is used to define evaluation procedures to meet sustainability as the 7th basic requirement as part of new standards. / EU 7th Framework Programme

Yes

Flyover noise is a problem that affects citizens, primarily those that live near or around places with high air traffic such as airports or military bases. Such noise can be of great annoyance. The focus of this thesis is in determining a method to create a high fidelity sound source simulation of rotorcraft noise for the purpose of producing a complete flyover scenario to be used in psychoacoustic testing. The focus of the sound source simulation is simulating rotorcraft noise fluctuations during level flight to aid in psychoacoustic testing to determine human perception of such noise. Current methods only model the stationary or time-average components when synthesizing the sound source. The synthesis process described in this thesis determines the steady-state waveform of the noise as well as the time-varying fluctuations for each rotor individually. The process explored in this thesis uses an empirical approach to synthesize flyover noise by directly using physical flyover recordings. Four different methods of synthesis were created to determine the combination of components that produce high fidelity sound source simulation. These four methods of synthesis are: a) Unmodulated main rotor b) Modulated main rotor c) Unmodulated main rotor combined with the unmodulated tail rotor d) Modulated main rotor combined with the modulated tail rotor Since the time-varying components of the source sound are important to the creation of high fidelity sound source simulation, five different types of time-varying fluctuations, or modulations, were implemented to determine the importance of the fluctuating components on the sound source simulation. The types of modulation investigated are a) no modulation, b) randomly applied generic modulation, c) coherently applied generic modulation, d) randomly applied specific modulation, and e) coherently applied specific modulation. Generic modulation is derived from a different section of the source recording to which it is applied. For the purposes of this study, it is not clearly dominated by either thickness or loading noise characteristics, but still displays long-term modulation. Random application of the modulation implies that there is a loss of absolute modulation phase and amplitude information across the frequency spectrum. Coherent application of the modulation implies that an attempt is made to line up the absolute phase and amplitude of the modulation signal with that which is being replaced (i.e. that which was stripped from the original recording and expanding or contracting to fit the signal to which it is applied). Specific modulation is the modulation from the source recording which is being reconstructed. A psychoacoustic test was performed to rank the fidelity of each synthesis method and each type of modulation. Performing this comparison for two different emission angles provides insight as to whether the ranking will differ between the emission angles. The modulated main rotor combined with the modulated tail rotor showed the highest fidelity and had a much higher fidelity than any of the other synthesis methods. The psychoacoustic test proved that modulation is necessary to produce a high fidelity sound source simulation. However, the use of a generic modulation or a randomly applied specific modulation proved to be an inadequate substitute for the coherently applied specific modulation. The results from this research show that more research is necessary to properly simulate a full flyover scenario. Specifically, more data is needed in order to properly model the modulation for level flight. / Master of Science

Light, Space, Color, and texture are elements often used in the construction of Architectural composition. This thesis is about adding sound (noise) to that palette. / Master of Architecture