Departing from a theoretical problem, reinforced by a practical dilemma, this study set out to explore the dialectics between the transactional and relationship perspective that PR and advertising marketers must handle in their customer relations. Formulating the study from established transaction and relationship marketing theories and using qualitative interviews with PR and advertising practitioners, we have explored how two contradicting perspectives surface in the customer interactions. The results show that there is a need for both perspectives to coexist and that the balance in between them is constantly shifting.

El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important coupled ocean-atmospheric phenomenon to cause global climate variability on interannual time scales. Efforts to understand recent, apparently anomalous ENSO behaviour are hampered by the lack of long, high-quality climate records. While instrumental data generally covers the past 150 years, record length is insufficient for the assessment of past changes in the frequency, magnitude, and duration of ENSO. Here, multiproxy networks of high-resolution tree-ring, coral, ice and documentary records derived from eastern and western Pacific ENSO ???centres of action??? are analysed (A.D. 1525-2002). Considerable improvements in ENSO reconstruction are achieved from expanding the use of records from the western Pacific. In particular, ~500 years of a continuous 3,722 year ENSO sensitive tree-ring record from New Zealand is introduced. Although extreme ENSO events are seen throughout a 478-year discrete event analysis, 43% of extreme, 20% of very strong and 28% of all protracted ENSO events occur within the 20th century. Principal component analysis was used to extend instrumental records of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) Ni??o 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature (Ni??o 3.4 SST) and a newly developed coupled ocean-atmospheric ENSO index (CEI) by 347 years. Significantly, of the three indices reconstructed here, CEI reconstructions were largely found to be the best predictors of ENSO. The results suggest that ENSO may be more effectively characterised using a coupled ocean-atmosphere index, particularly for December-May periods. Compared to the pre-instrumental period, the late 19th and early 20th centuries indicate a clear trend toward increased ENSO variability over the past 150 years. Significantly, spectral analysis of reconstructed indices reveals a marked change in the frequency and intensity of ENSO beginning ~A.D. 1850, coinciding with the end of the Little Ice Age and the boom in global industrialisation. This suggests that ENSO may operate differently under natural (pre-industrial) and anthropogenically influenced background states. This study asserts that recent ENSO variability appears anomalous in the context of the past five centuries. Given the considerable socio-economic impacts of ENSO events, future investigation into the implications an increasingly anthropogenically-warmed world may have on ENSO is vital.

The NOMAD experiment is a neutrino oscillation experiment, capable of identifying \nm, \nmb, \nel, \neb\ and \nt\ for use in oscillation analyses. A search for \mutoe\ oscillations is conducted, emphasising the development of two separate beam simulators, to provide the background, (no oscillation), \nel\ signal. Both beam descriptions include fits to the results of the SPY experiment that measured hadron production from a 450~GeV proton beam on beryllium target. An independent analysis of the raw SPY data to produce the particle yield is reported. A series of criteria are described for the selection and classification of neutrino events. These produce the data samples necessary for both tuning the beam simulation and determining the oscillation signal. The development of a GEANT and FLUKA based Monte Carlo beam simulator is presented, providing good agreement to the measured neutrino beam. This simulation method has sizeable variations depending on the beamline geometry, which is not known precisely. This causes large systematic errors. An empirical parametrisation is proposed and used for the first time in a NOMAD oscillation search. It uses the measured neutrino spectra at NOMAD, except the \nel, to infer the meson production at the target, and then predict the \nel\ spectrum. This method has good agreement with the data and is also insensitive to alterations of the beamline geometry, resulting in much smaller systematic errors. The reduction of the systematic errors allows the \mutoe\ oscillations search to be performed with much greater precision. Comparisons of the \nel/\nm\ ratio between the empirical parametrisation and data yields no evidence for \mutoe\ oscillations, setting a limit on the mixing parameter, $sin^2(2 \theta) &lt 1.9 \times 10^{-3} \mbox{(90\% CL)}$ at high $\Delta m^2$. The present sensitivity of the analysis on the mixing parameter is 0.0017.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [181]-185).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1996. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-78).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Mathematics, June 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 botura_ca_dr_guara.pdf: 4170323 bytes, checksum: 21316bd955d294e528bc1edcbfa2bd8b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este trabalho tem a finalidade de investigar a incineração de resíduos sólidos na presença de ondas acústicas para incrementar o processo de combustão. Para tanto foi projetado e construído um forno rotativo para incineração de resíduo sólido industrial. Um combustor do tipo sintonizável foi desenvolvido e acoplado ao forno rotativo para indução de oscilações acústicas, além de outros acessórios utilizados no processo de combustão (alimentador de resíduos, ejetor, sonda para análise de gases). Os resultados obtidos mostram que a presença do campo acústico melhora o processo de combustão. Estes resultados foram avaliados principalmente através da análise de gases de combustão, permitindo uma redução da quantidade de combustível utilizado. / This work has the objective of investigating the incineration of solid wastes with acoustics oscillations to improve the combustion process. A rotary kiln was designed and built for the research. A tunable combustor was developed and connected to the rotary kiln for induction of the acoustics oscillations. Accessories were also built and used in the combustion process (feeder of waste, air ejector, probe for gas analysis). The results show that the presence of the acoustic field improves the combustion process. These results had been evaluated mainly through the analysis of gas combustion, allowing a reduction of the amount of used fuel.

In recent years, many high precision experiments were carried aiming to improve the accuracy on the measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters. One of the main source of uncertainty for neutrino oscillation experiments is due to the lack of a comprehensive theoretical description of neutrino-nucleus interactions. The US Deep Underground Neutrino Oscillation Experiments (DUNE) will deploy a series of detectors using Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs). A fully consistent parameter-free theoretical neutrino-nucleus scattering model on argon does not exist. The first step towards constructing a nuclear model will be to determine the energy and momentum distribution of protons and neutrons inside the argon nucleus. The JLab E12-14-012 experiment performed at Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, Virginia, ran in 2017 and will provide such measurements in Argon and Titanium using electron scattering (e,e'p). The data collected by the experiment covers a wide range of energy transfers and also includes several other targets like aluminum and carbon. This Ph.D. thesis will present details of the JLab E12-14-012 experiment, together with first data analysis results of the exclusive (e,e'p) data on Argon and Titanium. / Doctor of Philosophy / Neutrino, a tiny, nearly massless particle was discovered about one hundred years ago. Neutrinos are everywhere around us. If you put your hands under the sunlight, each second, there will be about one billion neutrinos pass through them. As the second most abundant particle in the universe, it is extremely important to study neutrinos as they affect many fundamental aspects of our lives. For examples, neutrinos could help us study the nucleons' structure, and how the matter evolved from one particle to many. Since neutrinos are produced in nuclear fusion processes from the sun and stars, we could also understand the sun and universe better by studying the property of neutrinos. Neutrinos have three flavors, and they could change flavors through neutrino oscillation. Measuring the neutrino oscillation parameters is one of the priority tasks for the physics society. Lots of experiments were carried aiming to enhance the understanding of neutrinos and improve the neutrino oscillation measurements accuracy. The most exciting and famous one is the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) that will be carried in Fermilab. DUNE is an accelerator based experiment that will use Argon as the neutrino target to study the neutrino oscillation. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the oscillation parameters for the DUNE, a well defined theoretical model for neutrino interaction on Argon is needed. Thus, the JLab E12-14-012 experiment was performed in Hall A at Jefferson Lab in Newport, News, VA to help people get ready for this through electron scattering. The primary goal of this experiment is to measure the electron-nucleus interaction through (e,e$^\prime$p) reactions and further develop a electron-nucleus model to be used in the future neutrino experiments. This thesis will present an overview of the experimental setup and results from the data analysis.

The ENSO-monsoon system is known to have a biennial component. Here we show using high resolution satellite data, mainly daily rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and daily scatterometer surface winds from QuickSCAT, that there is a clear biennial oscillation (TBO) in summer monsoon rainfall over Central India – Bay of Bengal (Cl-BoB) and the far west Pacific in the period 1999-2005. Summer (JJAS) mean rainfall oscillates between high and low values in alternate years; the rainfall is high in the odd years 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2005, and low in even years 2000, 2002 and 2004. The amplitude of the oscillation is significant, as measured against the long term standard deviation of seasonal rain based on 1979-2005 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data. We find that the TBO in rainfall is associated with TBO of SST over the tropical Indian, west Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in different seasons. There is no TBO in east Pacific SST, and no strong El Nino in this period. The TBO of SST is related to change in evaporation due to TBO of surface wind speed. A TBO of the surface branch of the Walker circulation in the eastern Indian and western Pacific basins is clearest in the autumn season during 1999-2005. There is a clear relation between a large-amplitude TBO of winter surface air temperature over north Asia associated with TBO of the Arctic oscillation (AO), and the TBO of summer monsoon rainfall. High rainfall over CI-BoB lin summer is followed by a relatively high value of the AO Index, and warm air termperature over north Asia in the succeeding winter. The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) over the central Pacific and Atlantic Oceans shift north by about two degrees when the northern hemisphere is warm, reminiscent of the behaviour of the climate system of ENSO, decadal and palaeoclimate time scales. In this thesis we document the biennial oscillation of monsoon rain and its spatial structure in the recent period, and its relation with biennial oscillation of surface climate over the global tropics and extratropical regions. The existence of TBO in the tropical Atlantic, and its relation with the monsoon, is a new finding. We demonstrate that the interannual variability of the summer monsoon during 1999-2005, including the drought of 2002, is part of a pervasive TBO of global surface climate.

The occurrence of wildfire is influenced by a suite of factors ranging from "top-down" influences (e. g., climate) to "bottom-up" localized influences (e. g., ignitions, fuels, and land use). We carried out the first broad-scale assessment of wildland fire patterns in northern Mexico to assess the relative influence of top-down and bottom-up drivers of fire in a region where frequent fire regimes continued well into the 20th century. Using a network of 67 sites, we assessed (1) fire synchrony and the scales at which synchrony is evident, (2) climate drivers of fire, and (3) asynchrony in fire regime changes. We found high fire synchrony across northern Mexico between 1750 and 2008, with synchrony highest at distances < 400 km. Climate oscillations, especially El Nino-Southern Oscillation, were important drivers of fire synchrony. However, bottom-up factors modified fire occurrence at smaller spatial scales, with variable local influence on the timing of abrupt, unusually long fire-free periods starting between 1887 and 1979 CE. Thirty sites lacked these fire-free periods. In contrast to the neighboring southwestern United States, many ecosystems in northern Mexico maintain frequent fire regimes and intact fire-climate relationships that are useful in understanding climate influences on disturbance across scales of space and time.