In a time of growing consciousness around sustainability and an early paradigm shift when it comes to circular systems for furniture and interiors, as an aspiring designer, I need and must adapt accordingly within my field and creative practice. In this project, I have worked with the immense material waste that is going on, especially focusing on furniture and interiors, within the public and private sectors as well as in office environments, where this is a big issue. Guided by the United Nations Global Goal No 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production, I have experimented with, to me, new ideas for systems that deal with the upcycling and repurposing of “old” and/or discarded pieces of furniture and the material they are made from. To see what I can make of it to prolong the lifecycle and give the material a new purpose, function, and value. In my process I have acted both as an interior architect and a furniture designer but also as a sculptor and craftsman since the predetermined “waste” material I have worked with demanded a reversed design process than what a “normal” one would look like for a commercial project.    The result is a series of new furniture designed and made from waste material, revisioned by me through a mix of art and design, to see how I as a designer of furniture and interiors can develop and find my path in this and to help formulate the new design paradigm and aesthetics for future circular and sustainable furniture and interior solutions that is underway.

This study sets out to report on the reflections of a therapist-in-[post-graduate] training on his experiences when endeavouring to shift from [between] a positivistic to [and] a constructivistic paradigm. Reflections on some experiences associated with the positivistic epistemology that were relinquished were described; reflections on experiences associated with the constructivistic epistemology that were gained were described as well as reflections on experiences of both paradigms, that were added. These reflections were based on research data acquired during the researcher's first year of post-graduate training and exposure to the "new" constructivistic paradigm. Transcriptions from audio-taped sessions with a client from the researchers private practice, during this period served as the research data for this study. A literature study attempting to distinguish between the positivistic and constructivistic paradigms is presented. Arising out of this, the implications of a paradigm shift of this nature, is outlined. / Health Studies / M.A. (Mental Health)

Inledning: Eftersom den psykodynamiska psykoterapin har kraftig konkurrens från andra terapiformer, samtidigt som kraven på effektivitet, snabbhet och evidens från hälso- och sjukvårdsetablissemanget är starka, är det viktigt att som psykodynamiker delta i diskursen kring den psykodynamiska psykoterapins vetenskapsteoretiska status. Hur kan man karakterisera den psykodynamiska psykoterapin om den dels inte är identisk med psykoanalys, dels heller inte automatiskt kan inordnas i det medicinsk-biologiska paradigmet? Uppsatsen har som syfte att definiera och undersöka om psykodynamisk psykoterapi kan betraktas som behandling och/eller en moralisk etisk praxis. Frågeställningar: Psykodynamisk psykoterapi – är den en egen humanvetenskap? Hur kan man definiera och se på behandling och behandlingsmål i den psykodynamiska psykoterapin? Metod: Litteraturstudie med en hermeneutisk ansats. Resultat: Det finns olika sätt att se på den psykodynamiska psykoterapin när det gäller dess vetenskaplighet. Frågan om psykodynamisk psykoterapi är behandling i gängse medicinsk bemärkelse, har heller inget enkelt entydigt svar. Till synen på behandling hör också målet med densamma. Hur man betraktar behandlingsfrågan blir också vägledande för hur man ser på behandlingsmålet. En skiljelinje går mellan uppfattningen om den psykodynamiska psykoterapin som vetenskap och/eller teknik. Diskussionen om psykodynamisk psykoterapi är en vetenskap eller flera, har betydelse för dess ställning i den vetenskapliga världen. Diskussion: Valet av litteraturstudie som metod avgjordes på grundval uppsatsens syfte och karaktär. Det är möjligt att se den psykodynamiska psykoterapin i annat vetenskapligt ljus än det positivistiska t.ex. fenomenologiskt och hermeneutiskt. Psykodynamisk psykoterapi kan ses både som en vetenskap och en teknik samt som en etisk verksamhetspraxis. Slutsatsen för uppsatsarbetet är att man kan se på den psykodynamiska psykoterapin som en moralisk, etisk behandlingsmetod som med både hermeneutiska och fenomenologiska metoder/tekniker söker uppnå inre frihet, självkännedom och ansvarstagande för medvetnare livsval hos subjektet. Behandlingsmålet blir då att minska neurotiskt och annat lidande hos subjektet samtidigt som lidandets omedvetna ursprung integreras.

A two level hierarchical simulation and decision modeling framework is proposed for electric power networks involving PV based solar generators, various storage, and grid connection. The high level model, from a utility company perspective, concerns operational decision making and defining regulations for customers for a reduced cost and enhanced reliability. The lower level model concerns changes in power quality and changes in demand behavior caused by customers' response to operational decisions and regulations made by the utility company at the high level. The higher level simulation is based on system dynamics and agent-based modeling while the lower level simulation is based on agent-based modeling and circuit-level continuous time modeling. The proposed two level model incorporates a simulation based optimization engine that is a combination of three meta-heuristics including Scatter Search, Tabu Search, and Neural Networks for finding optimum operational decision making. In addition, a reinforcement learning algorithm that uses Markov decision process tools is also used to generate decision policies. An integration and coordination framework is developed, which details the sequence, frequency, and types of interactions between two models. The proposed framework is demonstrated with several case studies with real-time or historical for solar insolation, storage units, demand profiles, and price of electricity of grid (i.e., avoided cost). Challenges that are addressed in case studies and applications include 1) finding a best policy, optimum price and regulation for a utility company while keeping the customers electricity quality within the accepted range, 2) capacity planning of electricity systems with PV generators, storage systems, and grid, and 3) finding the optimum threshold price that is used to decide how much energy should be bought from sold to grid to minimize the cost. Mathematical formulations, and simulation and decision modeling methodologies are presented. A grid-storage analysis is performed for arbitrage, to explore if in future it is going to be beneficial to use storage systems along with grid, with future technological improvement in storage and increasing cost of electrical energy. An information model is discussed that facilitates interoperability of different applications in the proposed hierarchical simulation and decision environment for energy systems.

A pesquisa sobre observância tributária floresceu no campo econômico, tendo como estudos seminais as obras de Allingham e Sandmo (1972) e Srinivasan (1973). Esses artigos basearam-se na teoria de Becker (1968) sobre crime e punição, aceitando o paradigma econômico clássico, que parte do pressuposto de que os indivíduos adotam comportamentos racionais. Nas últimas décadas, contudo, muitos pesquisadores notaram que esse paradigma, do qual derivou aquilo que veio a ser chamado pela academia de \"paradigma do crime\", explicava apenas parcialmente o comportamento do contribuinte. Surge, então, toda uma linha de pesquisa contrapondo esse paradigma racional, partindo da constatação de que o comportamento do contribuinte é muito mais complexo do que inicialmente se supunha, merecendo uma análise multidisciplinar, ou seja, que não se restrinja ao campo econômico, mas que também abarque outras disciplinas. Esse novo paradigma foi denominado pela academia de \"paradigma do serviço\" que, em linhas gerais, contempla outros fatores envolvidos no ato de pagar tributos, inclusive psicológicos, pressupondo, de tal modo, que o contribuinte não é um indivíduo racional unicamente preocupado em maximizar sua utilidade, devendo ser visto pela administração pública como uma espécie de cliente, e recebendo tratamento adequado e serviços públicos de qualidade em contrapartida ao cumprimento de suas obrigações tributárias. O presente estudo faz uma apreciação dos dois paradigmas, introduzindo nessa avaliação conceitos da ciência denominada Análise do Comportamento, cujos ensinamentos sobre a aprendizagem e o comportamento humano têm o potencial de contribuir de forma significativa para o entendimento do assunto. Testando os pressupostos teóricos apresentados no decorrer do trabalho, foram realizados dois estudos empíricos, tomando-se como base o modelo criado pelo pesquisador e psicólogo Erich Kirchler, denominado Slippery Slope Framework, que confirma estudos anteriores e demonstra que tanto punições quanto recompensas são instrumentos eficazes no combate à evasão fiscal, sugerindo que a integração dos paradigmas \"do crime\" e \"do serviço\", bem como a inserção dos princípios da Análise do Comportamento nesta análise é um caminho promissor no combate à evasão fiscal. / Research on tax compliance has arisen in the economic field with seminal studies based upon the works of Allingham and Sandmo (1972) and Srinivasan (1973). Such articles were based on Becker\'s theory (1968) on crime and punishment, accepting the classic economic paradigm, which presupposes that individuals show rational behaviors. Nevertheless, in the past decades, many researchers have noticed that such paradigm, which gave rise to what is referred to, by the academy, as \"crime paradigm\", explained the behavior of taxpayers solely in part, and an entire line of research opposing such rational paradigm arose, based upon the verification that the behavior of taxpayers is much more complex than what was originally presumed, deserving a multidisciplinary analysis, i.e., not restricted to the economic field, but that, further, encompasses other subjects. Such new paradigm was designated by the academy as \"service paradigm\" that, in general, contemplates other factors involved in the act of paying taxes, including psychological factors, thus presupposing that taxpayers are not rational individuals solely concerned about maximizing the function thereof, they should be deemed, by the public administration, to be clients, and should receive appropriate treatment and quality public services in return for complying with their tax obligations. This study analyzes two paradigms, introducing in such analysis concepts of the science called Behavior Analysis, the teachings on learning and human behavior of which have potential to significantly contribute to better understanding the subject. Testing the theoretical assumptions presented throughout the study, two empirical analyses were conducted, based upon the model created by researcher and psychologist Erich Kirchler, referred to as Slippery Slope Model, which confirms previous studies and indicates that both punishment and reward are effective tools to fight against tax evasion, suggesting that integrating \"crime\" and \"service\" paradigms and inserting concepts of the Behavior Analysis Science in this analysis is highly promising to fight against tax evasion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Locci Furtado.pdf: 690774 bytes, checksum: e0609ad065693526868efe0671bae1fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-24 / This study analyses two paradigms of regional integration, the European Union, as the most advanced model and the Mercosul. The purposes of this study is to analyze the possibility of promoting of development in the member-states within the regional integration and the regional integration too, breaking the paradigms, showing the possibility of becoming true the integration through different models as the Mercosul, and not only through the supranational European model. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate which would be the necessary development to the States, as for the regional integration, independently of the model adopted and developed taking into account the dynamics in the economy and human development of each country. During this study, firstly, it will be analysed the fundamental elements to the fruition thereof, as the State. Then, we took into consideration the notion of sovereignty, as in the different standards and levels of integration and then the origin thereof based on the development achieved by the States. Using the European Union, as the supranational model of integration and Mercosul as the intergovernmental model, compare the development of the Statemembers, to demonstrate the existence or not of an ideal model of integration / O trabalho analisa dois paradigmas de integração regional, a União Européia, modelo mais avançado de integração, e o Mercosul. Objetiva vislumbrar a possibilidade de desenvolvimento dos países-membros de uma integração regional e do próprio processo de integração regional quebrar padrões, ou seja, demonstrar a possibilidade de haver uma integração real, com desenvolvimento crescente dos Estados-membros, através de um modelo intergovernamental como o do Mercosul, e não somente do europeu supranacional. A preocupação é verificar o que seria necessário para que os Estados, com a integração regional, possam se desenvolver em termos de riqueza econômica e desenvolvimento humano. Assim, o trabalho primeiramente analisa os elementos fundamentais para a consecução do estudo, como o Estado. Após, passa ao estudo da soberania - pois, nos modelos diferentes de integração, há um maior ou menor compartilhamento da soberania -, a seguir, da integração, suas origens e fases, do desenvolvimento, nas suas concepções variadas, da globalização, que aproximou a integração econômica, política e social e, por último, do desenvolvimento dos Estados. Usando a União Européia como modelo supranacional de integração e o Mercosul como exemplo do intergovernamental, compara o desenvolvimento dos seus Estados-membros, para assim demonstrar a existência, ou não, de um padrão ideal de integração

A partir de uma base teórica que cruza textos advindos do pensamento complexo (Filosofia), do paradigma funcional (Lingüística) e de autores diversos das áreas de Didática, Sociologia e Lingüística Aplicada, afinados de alguma maneira com o paradigma ou pensamento complexo, analisaremos a forma de como a conjugação verbal dos verbos \"ser\" e \"ter\" é introduzida em nosso corpus - quatro livros didáticos de português (do Brasil) para estrangeiros de grande circulação no sul e sudeste do País, e tentaremos obter por meio dessa análise uma visão do quanto cada obra de nosso corpus se aproxima de nossa base teórica. Tal base, resumida em \"quesitos\" no capítulo 5 a serem satisfeitos ou não pelo corpus analisado nos capítulos 6 e 7, encara o indivíduo/aprendiz como um ser extremamente complexo pois portador de nuances as mais diversas, que se não consideradas no processo de aquisição da linguagem, aquisição por si só também extremamente complexa, corremos o risco de se ver esse indivíduo frustrado em sua tentativa legítima de aprender o português como língua estrangeira. A título de sugestão de melhorias na forma como nosso corpus introduz e sedimenta os verbos \"ser\" e \"ter\", descreveremos como os equivalentes desses verbos no inglês são introduzidos pela série New Interchange, além, e principalmente, de oferecer sugestões de melhorias inspiradas em nossa base teórica e em nossa experiência na área de ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira. / From a theory basis that crosses texts from the complex paradigm (Philosophy), the functional paradigm (Linguistics) and several other authors from Didactics, Sociology and Applied Linguistics, anyhow affined with the paradigms above, we will make an analysis of the way that the verb conjugation of \"ser\" (to be) and \"ter\" (to have) is presented by our corpus - four Portuguese as foreign language books largely sold in the South and Southeast of Brazil - and try to visualize through this analysis in which degree each of these books gets close to our theory basis. The result of this \"texts crossing\" is summarized in quests form in chapter 5 to be met or not by our corpus analyzed in chapters 6 and 7. Such theory basis considers the individual/learner as an extremely complex being, a carrier of many different aspects that, once not taken into account in the language acquisition process, such acquisition extremely complex itself, one takes the risk to have this individual frustrated in his legitimate try to learn Portuguese as a foreign language. As an improvement suggestion on how verbal conjugation of \"ser\" and \"ter\" could be presented by the Portuguese as foreign language books focused in this dissertation, we will describe how the verb conjugation of \"be\" and \"have\" is presented by the New Interchange series, besides offering improvement suggestions inspired by our theory basis and by our own experience in the field of teaching Portuguese as foreign language.

L'environnementalisme américain est un mouvement dont la première vague surgit à la fin du 19e siècle face à l'exploitation excessive des ressources naturelles. Théodore Roosevelt a mis en place des mesures pour assurer la gestion avisée de la nature au bénéfice des générations présentes et futures. A côté de la conservation du gouvernement, un autre courant appelé préservation mit l'accent sur les valeurs esthétiques et spirituelles de la nature. Les deux conceptions de la relation de l'homme à la nature suscitèrent des conflits à propos de la façon dont on devait utiliser et protéger le patrimoine naturel. Le fort développement économique après 1945 puisa dans les ressources et généra de la pollution ainsi que des dangers posés par les industries atomiques et chimiques. "Printemps Silencieux" de Rachel Carson, paru en 1962, démontra que ces risques pesaient sur l'humanité elle-même et lança le mouvement environnemental moderne. Désormais, l'aspect éthique de la protection environnementale rivalise avec l'intérêt économique. Le succès du mouvement, canonisé par une série de lois environnementales, en fit la cible du contre-mouvement conservateur qui se développe depuis les années 1980. Les valeurs écologiques représentent une menace au credo américain, ainsi créant des tensions qui caractérisent le débat depuis le début du mouvement aux États-Unis. / American environmentalism is a movement that grew out of concerns over wilderness and wildlife depletion evident in the late 19th century. Theodore Roosevelt initiated conservation measures designed to manage natural resources wisely to ensure their sustainability for the benefit of present and future generations. Preservation, another current of American ideas that stressed the esthetic and spiritual values of nature, existed concurrently. The two visions of humans' relationship to nature gave rise to conflicts over how the nation's natural resources should be used. By the 1960s rapid development had led to heightened resource use and pollution, as well as new threats posed by the chemical and atomic industries. Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" published in 1962, demonstrated that humans themselves were in peril and launched the modern environmental movement. The ethical dimension of preserving nature and human health came to rival economic concerns. The success of the movement, canonized in a series of major environmental protection laws, made it the target of the conservative countermovement from the 1980s onward. Ecological values threaten the dominant values of the American creed, causing tensions that have characterized the debate since the advent of environmental protection in the United States.

A partir de uma base teórica que cruza textos advindos do pensamento complexo (Filosofia), do paradigma funcional (Lingüística) e de autores diversos das áreas de Didática, Sociologia e Lingüística Aplicada, afinados de alguma maneira com o paradigma ou pensamento complexo, analisaremos a forma de como a conjugação verbal dos verbos \"ser\" e \"ter\" é introduzida em nosso corpus - quatro livros didáticos de português (do Brasil) para estrangeiros de grande circulação no sul e sudeste do País, e tentaremos obter por meio dessa análise uma visão do quanto cada obra de nosso corpus se aproxima de nossa base teórica. Tal base, resumida em \"quesitos\" no capítulo 5 a serem satisfeitos ou não pelo corpus analisado nos capítulos 6 e 7, encara o indivíduo/aprendiz como um ser extremamente complexo pois portador de nuances as mais diversas, que se não consideradas no processo de aquisição da linguagem, aquisição por si só também extremamente complexa, corremos o risco de se ver esse indivíduo frustrado em sua tentativa legítima de aprender o português como língua estrangeira. A título de sugestão de melhorias na forma como nosso corpus introduz e sedimenta os verbos \"ser\" e \"ter\", descreveremos como os equivalentes desses verbos no inglês são introduzidos pela série New Interchange, além, e principalmente, de oferecer sugestões de melhorias inspiradas em nossa base teórica e em nossa experiência na área de ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira. / From a theory basis that crosses texts from the complex paradigm (Philosophy), the functional paradigm (Linguistics) and several other authors from Didactics, Sociology and Applied Linguistics, anyhow affined with the paradigms above, we will make an analysis of the way that the verb conjugation of \"ser\" (to be) and \"ter\" (to have) is presented by our corpus - four Portuguese as foreign language books largely sold in the South and Southeast of Brazil - and try to visualize through this analysis in which degree each of these books gets close to our theory basis. The result of this \"texts crossing\" is summarized in quests form in chapter 5 to be met or not by our corpus analyzed in chapters 6 and 7. Such theory basis considers the individual/learner as an extremely complex being, a carrier of many different aspects that, once not taken into account in the language acquisition process, such acquisition extremely complex itself, one takes the risk to have this individual frustrated in his legitimate try to learn Portuguese as a foreign language. As an improvement suggestion on how verbal conjugation of \"ser\" and \"ter\" could be presented by the Portuguese as foreign language books focused in this dissertation, we will describe how the verb conjugation of \"be\" and \"have\" is presented by the New Interchange series, besides offering improvement suggestions inspired by our theory basis and by our own experience in the field of teaching Portuguese as foreign language.

二十一世紀的來臨，公共行政面臨了前所未有的轉變。近十年來人民對政府政策執行的能力產生質疑，致而公部門一直在思索一個全新的作法，嘗試作某種形式的「再設計」或「再創造」，而BOT模式推動，正是政府為回應人民需求所作的反應而產生的公共政策，政府企圖藉由其提昇國家基本建設執行之效率及國家競爭力。 理論上，BOT模式可以降低公共部門財政負擔及人事費用的膨脹及提高經濟管理績效外，亦可分散政府投資之風險。但觀察國內在推動時都不是很順暢，本論文企圖以台灣目前正在以BOT模式推動的四個公共工程建設為對象（台灣南北高速鐵路案、國道公路頭城蘇澳及蘇澳花蓮段案、中正國際機場至台北捷運系統建設計畫案及徵求民間參與高雄都會區大眾捷運系統紅橘路線網路建設案），從公共行政的觀點來看其推動困難的原因，並試圖提出對策，以供政府參考。 本論文可分二大部分，第一部分為理論部分，從BOT的公共理論基礎理論開始論起，就公共管理意識形態的發展與轉變、民營化及公私部門協力理論等三方面加以研究，進而推論出公共管理的思潮有一個清晰脈絡可循的轉變，從由無政府混沌狀態開始啟動，至「夜警國家」公共管理政府的出現，再至「大政府」公共管理模式的產生，又至強調「小而美」政府公共管理模式鼓吹，其恰如「鐘擺理論」一般，從政府的光譜左端擺盪至右端，又從右端擺向左端。目前觀察公共管理模式的意識型態，則又有轉向「新中間路線」的趨勢。第二部分針對上述國內四大BOT案作個案研究，對照國外政府推動相同BOT模式時其成功與失敗經驗，找出我國採用推動時應考慮的因素與應有的作法。 本研究採用文獻探討法、訪談調查表及比較研究法等，來增強輔助說明本論文中四個個案研究的說服力。最後本論文得到這樣的結論：「任何特許興建營運BOT案，政府、民間投資者與融資者三方面是共同分擔風險，追求三贏的平等夥伴。BOT是政府在精神上藉BOT的機制將民間力量納為己用，擴大政府推動公共建設的能量；而不是政府把公共建設的包袱藉BOT機制丟給民間而從此不再理會；在執行上政府也應避免在BOT機制下，讓投資者與融資者享盡投資的合部好處，而政府卻仍需要承擔投資的全部風險。我們必須永遠記得完全防弊觀點，毫無彈性的規範，必然會扼殺BOT的推廣；但是不符專業標準的BOT合約，則會為整個社會帶來災難」。