A Constituição Federal de 1988 instaurou um novo pacto federativo no Brasil, redefinindo competências e declarando também os municípios como membros efetivos da Federação. A Carta e normatizações posteriores redesenharam políticas públicas de forma que sua implementação passasse a ser realizada de modo descentralizado. Esta tese objetiva contribuir para o debate sobre a importância relativa de estados e municípios para a descentralização da política de trânsito, a partir da promulgação do Código de Trânsito Brasileiro, em 1997. Os resultados indicam que, dada a prevalência do que denominamos de paradigma fiscalizatório e na ausência de políticas federais de indução à descentralização, os municípios adotaram diferentes estratégias para responder à diretiva da integração municipal ao Sistema Nacional de Trânsito. O tamanho da frota veicular local e as políticas dos governos estaduais orientadas a estimular a municipalização são fatores decisivos no cálculo dos governos municipais para integrar-se ao Sistema Nacional de Trânsito. Dada a ausência do governo federal e o controle sobre recursos-chave para o exercício da fiscalização, cabe aos estados papel preponderante na implementação da municipalização da política de trânsito no Brasil. / The Federal Constitution of 1988 established a new confederated pact in Brazil, redefining public competences and declaring also municipalities as full members of the Federation. The Constitution and the later specific legislation redesigned public policies, which caused the implementation happened to be performed in a decentralized way.This thesis aims to contribute to the debate about the relative importance of states and municipalities in Brazil for thepolicy of traffic decentralization, from the promulgation of the Brazilian Traffic Code, in 1997. The results indicate that, given the prevalence of what we call surveillance paradigm and the absence of federal policies towards decentralization, municipalities have adopted different strategies to respond to the policy of local integrating to the National Traffic System. The size of their local vehicle fleet and the state public policies aimed at stimulating the decentralization at the municipality level are decisive factors in the calculation of local public administration efforts to integrate the National Traffic System. Given the absence of the federal government and control over key resources for the purposes of surveillance, it lasts to the state the leading role of implementing the municipalization of traffic policy in Brazil.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This thesis constitutes an investigation into the effects of literacy in a community which is severly disadvantaged. The thesis explored various ways in which the concept of literacy could be examined and the political assuments implied in each literacy orientation. In order to explore the effects of literacy following conventional research procedures a pilot study was conducted. During the pilot the data revealed that statistical analysis could not capture the political and 'liberational'nuances generated by literacy. In the light of this, it became necessary to adopt a mode of analysis which could capture the effects of the literacy. This study therefore constitutes a description of the, advantages and disadvantages of radically switching to a different paradigm in the life of a single project.

Aim: With particular regard to the traditional media and political participation in Sweden, Iintend to map how and in what way Greta Thunberg protests and the political engagement she expresses. Questions: • How is Greta Thunberg’s protesting framed and how can it be understood based on theprotest paradigm? • How can you understand Greta Thunberg´s political participation on the basis of ideasabout Civic Engagement? Method and material: This report is a qualitative study based on a textual analysis. For collectingthe empirical material, I have chosen to use texts from Swedish news articles. I used 27articles from 2 newspapers which is Aftonbladet and Expressen. Main results: The study shows that media puts greater focus on Greta Thunberg as a personinstead of the factual content and political agenda she stands for. This contributes to GretaThunberg being marginalized and delegitimized, since she is considered a symbol thatchallenges the political power structure. Greta Thunberg feels responsible for the climateissue and it is her duty to be able to contribute to a democratic society by getting involved.Greta Thunberg considers her participation in the media that she feels a moral obligation toengage with the climate.

In my paper I measured attitudes towards waste handling by implementing the theory of Campbell's paradigm. This theory is mostly implemented by authors in the field of environmental psychology, who focus on research of environmentally friendly behaviour. Campbell's paradigm looks at the concept of attitude as a behavioural predisposition, which is equivalently observable from three attitudinal reactions (evaluative, affective and behavioural attitudes). I decided to measure attitudes towards waste handling in households through self- assessment of people's own behaviour connected to waste handling at home. For the purpose of my paper I created a tool, which is capable of measuring attitudes towards waste handling and at the same time determines whether suggested attitudes have a real impact on people's behaviour. By using Rasch model of measurement I estimated difficulties of particular behavioural expressions and also levels of attitudes of my study's participants. Subsequently I used specific examples to illustrate the usage of these two variables for estimation of specific behaviour. Simultaneously, I confirmed that with increasing level of attitudes in connection with waste handling (that means more environmentally conscious attitude with regards to this issue) the probability of choosing...

The objective of this thesis is to point out the asymmetry between the form and function of the paradigms HABLARÍA and HABRÍA HABLADO. In the introductory chapters, we describe topics and terms related to the issue and then we focus on the description of the individual functions of the paradigms. Each function is defined with the help of secondary literature, which we supplement with practical examples of texts obtained from the language corpora CORPES XXI and InterCorp. Based on acquired knowledge, we proved that studied paradigms are widely used in the Spanish language and are applied not only in the temporal meaning but also in various modal meanings. Subsequently, we analyze the Czech translations of the paradigm HABRÍA HABLADO in the function condicional compuesto, which expresses hypothetical situations in the past. The results confirmed that the past conditional is no longer used in the Czech language and is usually replaced by the present conditional. Key words conditional, Czech, corpus, verbal paradigm, Spanish

The purpose of this essay is to find how Location specific factors affect the FDI of MNEs.This is done through the use of Dunning's eclectic paradigm, mainly the L-factor of OLI. TheL-factor is then combined with market agglomeration and unexploited markets as aframework to find location as a motivator for companies´ FDI. We also use Dunning’s fourmotivations for FDI when trying to find how Location affected FDI.Three companies are interviewed in semi-structured interviews to ensure their views on thesubject can transpire but still keep them within the subject at hand. We found that all thecompanies we interviewed mainly looked for agglomerated markets, access to markets,customers and access to competent people within the markets when deciding which market tosettle in. We also found that unexploited markets were not something the companies weinterviewed were searching for nor valued highly in their investment decision. This has to dowith the fact that we only interviewed three companies and did not interview in a wideenough range of industries to be able to conclude our findings.

The aim of this study was to shed light on the influence of trauma on aspects of musicians’ music-making, particularly but not exclusively limited to its effects on emotional expression and memory during music performance and study. Effects on performers and teachers were considered, explicated and discussed in the light of the rapidly expanding body of knowledge about factors involved in psychological sequelae following exposure to traumatic event(s). Examples are given of how trauma has affected famous musicians and composers. Questionnaires sent to healthcare professionals and music teachers and four case study investigations illuminated specific signs of trauma. Findings underlined that, while responses to trauma are always of a very individual nature, these often particularly affected emotional expression and altered the perceived experience of emotions. Dissociative symptoms were found to affect memory and concentration. Trauma sequelae caused interference, drained energy levels, affected motivation, interpersonal relationships and self-esteem but also led to growth and trauma-catalyzed transformation. Anxiety and tension-related problems had pronounced effects on music performance and high levels of ‘stage fright’ were reported by previously traumatized participants. Trauma was shown to influence the career paths and decisions of musicians. As gleaned from the literature and research surveys, the following therapeutic approaches appear to be effective: Psychotherapy, trauma counselling, Cognitive-Behavioural therapy, hypnotherapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), EMI (Eye Movement Integration), pharmacological treatment, natural supplements, body therapies such as SE (Somatic Experiencing) and complementary techniques such as acupressure. Sound and music were identified by respondents and participants as playing an extremely beneficial role in the healing process. The possible benefits of incorporating alternative healing modalities are discussed, but it is made clear that this should only be used in conjunction with scientifically proven and thoroughly researched psychotherapeutic intervention strategies. This study’s results, appropriately disseminated, are intended to increase awareness and knowledge in performers and teachers, and enable particularly teachers to refer students to appropriate healthcare services in ways not risking further traumatization. Findings can assist healthcare professionals to better understand particular manifestations of trauma responses in musicians and enable them to intervene in more effective ways. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Music / unrestricted

Framträdande luftmaktsteorier förefaller i regel vara skrivna av stormaktsföreträdare. Ett implicit antagande att dessa teorier förutsätter betydande militär kapacitet och sofistikerad teknologi gör att de uppfattas som ”stormaktsteorier” som likt en klubba slår hårt mot motståndaren, med begränsad relevans för mindre stater som saknar stormakternas omfattande resurser. Luftmakt finns dock också i länder som kan betraktas som småstater. Även småstater kan – teoretiskt – antingen enskilt eller i en småstatsallians genom välriktade nålstick också skapa strategisk effekt med befintliga resurser.   Denna studie utmanar antagandet att luftmaktsteorier kan betraktas som antingen stormakts- eller småstatsteorier. Genom att pröva Robert Papes luftmaktsteori och Shaun Clarkes SPOT-paradigm i såväl stormakts- som småstatsperspektivet på ett gemensamt fall, Georgienkriget 2008 mellan Ryssland och Georgien, skapas ny kunskap om förklaringskraften hos respektive teori. Studien visar att Papes luftmaktsteori kan förklara stormakters användning av luftmakt, men belägg saknas för att den också kan förklara småstaters luftmaktsanvändning. Vidare saknas belägg för att Clarkes SPOT-paradigm kan förklara vare sig småstaters eller stormakters användande av luftmakt i det aktuella fallet. Däremot visar analysen att SPOT-paradigmet förutsätter ett visst mått av kvantitet och kvalitet, även hos småstater, för att omsättas i en skarp operation. Då ett mått på detta inte ges, bör SPOT-paradigmet främst betraktas som ett förhållningssätt till hur strategisk effekt kan skapas med tillgängliga resurser.

This work deals with the introduction of the constructivist school of thought and its comparison with the theory of scientific revolutions and the concept of the paradigm of Thomas Kuhn. In this work, constructivism is represented by radical interpretations of Foerster, Maturana and Varela. These are then confronted with Kuhn's interpretation of scientific revolutions. At the end of the thesis I argue that Kuhn's concept of the paradigm can be interpreted as typically constructivist. In the context of the main line of interpretation of this work, I also critically evaluate motives such as reality, the possibility of true knowledge and related ethical consequences. Key words: constructivism, knowledge, truth, philosophy of science, paradigm

This thesis aims to examine corporate storytelling and provide a more holistic understanding of the communication strategy by exploring the recipients experiences of such type of communication. On a more particular note the study tries to provide an understanding of how corporate storytelling is received by potential consumers and in which ways corporate storytelling can contribute to organisations legitimacy. Hence, the theoretical framework of legitimacy by Max Weber (1922) are used to approach the aim of the study. Other theoretical frameworks applied in this study are those of Erving Goffman (2014) and Walter Fisher (1984), namely management impression and the narrative paradigm. The empirical data on which the result is based upon are gathered through interviews were the informants are asked questions about their experiences of four different commercials in which corporate storytelling are applied in two of them and more traditional marketing communication in the other two. Thus, the study takes a qualitative and comparing approach to the research. Moreover the study finds that corporate storytelling could be seen as a form of management impression as the strategy seems to increase organisations positive conspicuity and contribute to their ability to differentiate themselves. It also finds that the communication produced by corporate storytelling is perceived to be more authentic and coherent as well as clear regarding the ability to provide the story with distinct moral and values. In essence this means that corporate storytelling could be associated with narrative rationality, which is believed to be one major reason to how corporate storytelling affects potential consumers, which in return also answers the question to in which ways the strategy can help organisations to generate legitimacy. Lastly the study finds that an organisation by implementing corporate storytelling in their external communication could generate organisational charisma, which is seen as an important part of organisations quest for legitimacy. It shall also be noted that the study concludes that more research need to be conducted in order make more generalising claims.