O tema autoajuda tem invadido sem reservas a vida das pessoas no mundo atual. Esse tema, como um desdobramento cultural da modernidade tardia, está presente na literatura, na arte, na filosofia, nas discussões políticas e na administração de empresas. Está presente na pluralidade religiosa, na teologia cristã e nos consultórios de psicólogos e na psicanálise. O fenômeno cultural gigantesco não se limita a um segmento, mas, como iremos notar, faz-se presente em várias camadas sociais, desde as mais simples nas periferias das grandes cidades, até os moradores da zona rural nos rincões do mundo, alcançando a classe média e, aparentemente, fazendo dela sua promotora, interlocutora e reveladora. Uma vez que a cultura de autoajuda transita no mundo das crenças, é plausível admitir que se trate de um fenômeno não somente de natureza psico-física, ambiental ou de desenvolvimento, mas também de um fenômeno metafísico. Autoajuda como cultura recebe e empresta influências no campo religioso. Autoajuda serve a propósitos de filosofias que agrupam o conhecimento técnico em algumas áreas, tais como a psicologia, a administração e a medicina, dentre outras com as experiências transcendentais advindas das mais distintas religiões e crenças. Existe uma inquietação no sentido de que essa cultura de autoajuda já faz parte da vida das pessoas de comunidades cristãs que estão trocando o aconselhamento pastoral e a poimênica por essas leituras. O resultado de tais leituras é um movimento em direção ao individualismo, ao secularismo e pluralização que são desdobramentos dessa época em que vivemos. Nessa pesquisa, vamos trabalhar com a hipótese que o aconselhamento cristão é uma melhor resposta aos anseios das pessoas do que a cultura de autoajuda. O tema do aconselhamento pastoral será pontuado a partir da obra de Howard Clinebell, Aconselhamento pastoral: modelo centrado em libertação e crescimento. No primeiro capítulo, vamos trazer algumas definições de autoajuda. A partir dessas definições, vamos tentar nos aproximar de uma definição que traga os aportes que cumpram o papel de delimitar uma compreensão de autoajuda. A fim de sustentar a compreensão de autoajuda, trataremos, ainda nesse capítulo, da origem da literatura de autoajuda, tanto de um ponto de vista histórico antigo e filosófico quanto de uma posição sobre sua ascensão na cultura moderna. Esse capítulo vai tratar ainda da literatura de autoajuda e sua relação com a autonomia do indivíduo. Para tanto, vamos utilizar os textos de Francisco Ricardo Rüdiger, Auto-ajuda e individualismo. O capítulo dois trará uma introdução a Howard Clinebell, sua metodologia, seus propósitos ao escrever Aconselhamento pastoral: modelo centrado em libertação e crescimento. Apresentaremos o atual desafio da poimênica e do aconselhamento pastoral; e um modelo holístico centrado em cura e crescimento, bem como uma definição do trabalho do conselheiro cristão. Também serão abordadas nesse capítulo as técnicas mais usadas no aconselhamento pastoral. O ambiente do trabalho pastoral também será apontado nesse capítulo. E, finalmente, apresentamos nesse capítulo os cuidados do trabalho do conselheiro cristão. No capítulo três, faremos uma comparação entre o aconselhamento pastoral segundo Clinebell e as propostas da cultura de autoajuda com o conceito de vida plena e as seis dimensões da integralidade. Na conclusão do trabalho, pretendemos responder a nossa inquietação sobre a utilização por membros da comunidade cristã de literatura de autoajuda e responder a hipótese que o aconselhamento cristão é uma melhor resposta aos anseios das pessoas do que a cultura/literatura de autoajuda. / The theme of self-help has invaded without reservation the lives of people in the actual world. This topic as a cultural offshoot of late modernity is present in literature, art, philosophy, political discussions and in business administration. It is present in the plurality of religion, in Christian theology, and the offices of psychologists and psychoanalysis. The huge cultural phenomenon does not limits itself to one segment, but according to our research, we will notice it is presence in various strata of society from the simplest on the outskirts of large cities to the rural residents in the corners of the world, reaching the middle class and apparently making the latter its promoter, partner and developer. Since the culture of self-help transits in the world of beliefs it is reasonable to assume that it is a phenomenon not only of psyco-physical nature, environmental or development and industrial production and technology, but also a metaphysical phenomenon. Self-help culture receives and borrows influences in the religious field. Self-help serves the purposes of philosophies that combine the expertise in some areas of psychophysical nature, management, medicine, and others with the transcendent experience coming from the most diverse religions and beliefs. There is a concern in the sense that this culture of self-help plays great role in the lives of the Christian communities that are replacing the pastoral counseling and pastoral care to these readings. The result of such readings is a movement towards individualism, secularism and plurality that are developed in the present age. This research will work with the hypothesis that Christian counseling is a better response to the expectation of the people of that culture of self-help. The theme of pastoral counseling will be approached based on the work of Howard Clinebell: Basic Types of Pastoral Care and Counseling: Resources for the Ministry of Healing and Growth. The first chapter will bring some definitions of self-help. It is expected that these definitions will bring the inputs to delineate an understanding of self-help. In order to support the understanding of self-help the chapter will point out also the origin of self-help literature, both from a historical point of view and ancient philosophical as well as its position in the rise in modern culture. This chapter will also address the self-help literature and its relation to individual autonomy. For this the texts of Francisco Ricardo Rüdiger: Self-Help and Individualism will be used. Chapter two will bring an introduction to Howard Clinebell, its methodology, its purpose in writing Basic Types of Pastoral Care and Counseling: Resources for the Ministry of Healing and Growth. We will present the actual challenge of pastoral care and pastoral counseling, and a holistic model focusing on healing and growth, as well as defining the work of the Christian counselor. We will also discuss the techniques used in pastoral counseling. The work environment of this ministry will also be identified. And finally this chapter will point out the care of the work of Christian counselor. In chapter three we will do a comparison of pastoral counseling according to Clinebell and the proposals of the culture of self-help within the concept of full life and the six dimensions of human completeness. At the conclusion, we plan to respond to our concern about the members of the Christian community and their use of self-help literature. We will also answer hypothesis that "the Christian counseling is a better response to the expectation of the people than that self-help culture / literature.

As situações de exclusão social e as necessárias vinculações ao processo de formação subjetiva presentes nas histórias de jovens e crianças de determinados contextos brasileiros configuram-se como campos propícios de atuação do aconselhamento pastoral de viés clínico, ou seja, a aplicação rigorosa dos passos metodológicos propostos por profissionais da área específica de maneira libertadora. Isso implica diálogo e referência a situações sociais formadoras de esquemas que podem incidir sobre a subjetividade de crianças e jovens, os quais vivem suas experiências sob a marca da exclusão social daqueles aspectos mais fundamentais da existência humana, dentre os quais alimentação, moradia e saúde, etc. Partindo dessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho problematiza as possibilidades do aconselhamento pastoral, aplicado no contexto do Projeto Girassol, como meio propício de auxiliar esses jovens e crianças a poderem exercitar por meio da fala e da ação suas inquietações e trazer à luz suas ideias a respeito de sua própria condição. Tal intuito tem como objetivo a construção de determinada perspectiva a respeito da vida, a saber, uma existência autêntica sob a ótica de certa teologia da criação. / The situations of social exclusion and the necessary linkages to the subjective formation process in these stories of young people and children of certain Brazilian contexts configures itself as suitable fields of action of clinical pastoral counseling bias, in other words, the strict application of the methodological steps proposed by professionals specific way liberating. This implies dialogue and reference to socialforming schemes that may relate to the subjectivity of children and youth, who live their experiences under the brand of social exclusion of those most fundamental aspects of human existence as food, housing and health, etc. From this perspective, this paper aims to establish possibilities of pastoral counseling, applied in the context of the Projeto Girassol, as a suitable means of helping these kids and these kids that they can exercise through speech and action, their concerns and bring to the light their idea about their own condition. This order aims to build certain perspective on life, namely, an authentic existence from the perspective of a certain theology of creation.

Frente ao seu alto índice verificado na atualidade, o suicídio ainda encontra-se com pouco espaço nas discussões e projetos no meio eclesiástico. Partindo desta perspectiva, o presente trabalho objetivou focar o assunto neste ambiente e, em especial, nas implicações que afetam a prática do Aconselhamento Pastoral. Para tanto, buscou-se primeiramente as narrativas bíblicas de proximidade do assunto, bem como pelos aspectos sociais e psicológicos do fenômeno na sociedade demonstrados pelas estatísticas. Para subsidiar o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi realizada uma Pesquisa de Opinião junto a uma comunidade eclesiástica na cidade de Brasília/DF, em que se puderam observar as impressões dos seus congregados frente ao tema suicídio e as expectativas dos mesmos em relação à atuação da igreja no enfrentamento do assunto. Visando humanizar a prática cuidadora comunitária e pastoral, alguns comportamentos foram identificados e trazidos como exemplos de atuações atentas e sensíveis ao luto vivenciado pelas pessoas sobreviventes. A análise descritiva dos dados tabulados da Pesquisa de Opinião e as diversas leituras bibliográficas consultadas confirmaram o grande desafio que é lidar com tema suicídio tanto no compêndio da prática do acompanhamento pastoral, como para o indivíduo sobrevivente, carente desse cuidado. / Despite its current high incidence, the ecclesiastical environment still lacks forums for discussions and projects on the suicide issue. Thus, this work aims at dealing with this subject in this environment and, in particular, with the implications that influence the practice of Pastoral Counseling. Therefore, biblical accounts closely related to suicide were looked into, as well as the social and psychological aspects of this phenomenon in society, through statistics. To support this research, an opinion poll was carried out in the ecclesiastical community of Brasilia, DF, whereby its members suicide perceptions could be analyzed, as well as their expectations concerning the role of the church when dealing with that issue. In order to humanize the community and pastoral practices, some behavior patterns were identified and taken as instances of sensitive and careful performances towards the survivors experience of mourning. Both the descriptive analysis of the opinion poll results and the vast bibliography used could attest the great challenge to tackle the suicide issue, not only in the practice of pastoral counseling but also towards the needy survivor.

Thesis advisor: Jane E. Regan / In the contemporary United States, trauma is a significant disruptive force in the lives of families. By its nature, however, traumatic suffering isolates and marginalizes its victims, with the result that the pastoral caregiving needs of suffering people can go unrecognized and unmet. This dissertation proposes that caring for families who struggle to cope in contexts of traumatic suffering and chronic distress is a vital work of mission for the Catholic church in the twenty-first century. It further proposes that this work can best be enacted in the local church setting when configured as a synodal, trauma-aware, relational, caregiving community of practice (a STAR caregiving CoP) ministry. The ministerial model offered here is designed to enable parishes and dioceses to develop compassionate, competent ministerial initiatives that can meet the particular needs of families in their communities. Grounded in the theoretical discourses of theological anthropology, ecclesiology, situated learning theory, the ethic of care, and traumatology, the model also reflects insights drawn from the author’s qualitative doctoral research study of two pastoral caregiving ministries that serve men and women struggling with the personal traumas that erupt in family life. The STAR caregiving CoP model offers the local church a flexible, robust framework to employ in the construction and evaluation of familial pastoral caregiving ministries. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Religious Education and Pastoral Ministry.

The SANDF organization is divided into four arms of services i.e. SA Army (South African Army), SAAF (South African Air Force), SAMHS (South African Health Military Services), and the SA NAVY (South African Navy). SANDF soldiers have volunteered to work in these four arms of the services. SANDF soldiers are mandated to deploy (either internally or externally) as part of their professional duty and to attend military courses (short and long courses) for promotional purposes in training units. Since the duration of deployments are six months or longer, some of the soldiers are unable to cope with separation from their spouses and they decide to have extra-marital affairs. Some of those who attend long courses also end up having extra-marital affairs. Chaplains who are deployed and those who are working in training units always experience these illicit immoralities that are taking place amongst SANDF soldiers. These illicit immoralities are posing a great challenge and threat to many good marriages of SANDF soldiers. This practice of extra-marital affairs caused some of the soldiers to divorce their spouses. Some of the soldiers’ spouses also divorced their husbands because they could not cope with long periods of separations. The main aim of this study is to equip and guide chaplains to empower SANDF soldiers and their spouses. Chaplains who are equipped will be able to be proficient in their areas of responsibilities to sustain the marriages of the SANDF members. A soldier who has been empowered spiritually by his chaplain will be able to be resilient to work in diverse conditions and to make a sound ethical moral decision. He/she will also display a high standard of discipline during deployments and courses. He/she will remain a loyal and faithful asset of the SANDF organization as well as his/her family. / PhD (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The SANDF organization is divided into four arms of services i.e. SA Army (South African Army), SAAF (South African Air Force), SAMHS (South African Health Military Services), and the SA NAVY (South African Navy). SANDF soldiers have volunteered to work in these four arms of the services. SANDF soldiers are mandated to deploy (either internally or externally) as part of their professional duty and to attend military courses (short and long courses) for promotional purposes in training units. Since the duration of deployments are six months or longer, some of the soldiers are unable to cope with separation from their spouses and they decide to have extra-marital affairs. Some of those who attend long courses also end up having extra-marital affairs. Chaplains who are deployed and those who are working in training units always experience these illicit immoralities that are taking place amongst SANDF soldiers. These illicit immoralities are posing a great challenge and threat to many good marriages of SANDF soldiers. This practice of extra-marital affairs caused some of the soldiers to divorce their spouses. Some of the soldiers’ spouses also divorced their husbands because they could not cope with long periods of separations. The main aim of this study is to equip and guide chaplains to empower SANDF soldiers and their spouses. Chaplains who are equipped will be able to be proficient in their areas of responsibilities to sustain the marriages of the SANDF members. A soldier who has been empowered spiritually by his chaplain will be able to be resilient to work in diverse conditions and to make a sound ethical moral decision. He/she will also display a high standard of discipline during deployments and courses. He/she will remain a loyal and faithful asset of the SANDF organization as well as his/her family. / PhD (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie skripsie is 'n verkennende studie in siekepastoraat. Die fokus is op die siektebelewing van die Pedi. Die siek mens leef in 'n spesifieke wereld en verkeer in 'n wrieke situasie. Dit is boonop vir die pastor moeilik om in hierdie leefWereld die sieke se gevoelens te begryp. Meer uitsonderlik is dat dit vir enige pastor moeilik is om die tradisionele beskouing en belewenis van die sieke in sy eie kultuursituasie te verstaan. Daar is egter min materiaal oor die siekte-belewenis van die Pedi beskikbaar aangesien daar oor die algemeen min navorsing gedoen is. Pastorale sorg aan siekes vereis dat kennis geneem moet word van die kulturele agtergrond asook godsdiensbeskouing. Teen hierdie agtergrond is die doel van hierdie studie om 'n raamwerk van die denke van die Pedi-siekes te verkry waarby die siekepastoraat kan aansluit. Met die hu1p van die kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is daar deur indiepte-onderhoude en deelnemende waameming probeer om 'n raamwerk te verkry van die siek Pedi se ervaring van siekte in 'n tradisionele situasie. Sodoende is gepoog om veertien subjekte se verhale van hul siekte en ongelukke deur middel van kwalitatiewe empiriese navorsing te beskryf Uit al hierdie data was dit moontlik om die respondente se interpretasies in vyfkategoriee in te deel: (a) Agtergrondkennis, (b) die oorsaak van hul siekte, ( c) die belewing van hul siekte, ( d) die bestryding van hul siekte en ( e) die tradisionele siening van siekte en in watter mate daar 'n verskuiwing na Westerse denke plaasgevind het. Daar is bevind dat betekenistoekenning van die meeste respondente grotendeels binne die kulturele raamwerk van die Pedi-tradisie plaasgevind het. Hierdie bevinding is belangrik vir die siekepastoraat aangesien daar by sekere begrippe aansluiting gevind kan word. Die navorser het ook probeer om vanuit die betekenis van die subjekte se belewing van siekte 'n beperkte aantal riglyne vir 'n sensitiewe kultureel georienteerde siekepastoraat te noem. / This study explores the field of pastoral care of the sick within the frame of the sick person's traditional environment. This research study was only directed at the Pedi. Little material exists on the Pedi's experience of sickness because of the general lack of research. Furthermore, pastoral care of the sick demands specific notice of the cultural background as well as their religious views. Bearing this in mind the purpose of this study is to find a frame work of the Pedi's thought to which the pastoral care could be linked. With the help of qualitative methodological research, in depth interviewing, participation and observation the researcher tried to obtain a frame work of the Pedi's experience of sickness within their traditional situation. Through the means of the qualitative emperical research strategy these stories were described. It is found that most respondents emphasise the meaning of their sickness largely within the cultural framework of the Pedi tradition. This is important for pastoral care because on these thoughts pastoral care could link up. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Praktiese Teologie)

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